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CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

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A QUARTERLY RECORD OP

CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

AND ITS LITERATURE.

Edited by M. C. COOKE, M.A., A.L.S.,

Author 'of ‘‘Handhooh of British Fungif’ Fungi, their usesf'4'c.,
Rust, Smut, Mildew, and Mouldf^ Sfc., ^c.

VOL. IX.

18 8 0-8 1.

WILLIAMS AND NOEGATE,

HENRIETTA STREET, COYENT GARDEN, LONDON j
SOUTH FREDERICK STREET^ EDINBURGH.

LEIPZIG I F. A. BROCKHAUS. NEW YORK : WESTERMANN & CO.

NOV 2 2 1995

Farlow Reference Library

G,87

H, W. WOLFF, PRINTER, LEWES.

\'V,M\r4J W'O.IW'.'i

iM!

\]\mw

No. 49.]

[September, 1880.

A QUARTEELY RECORD OF CRYPTOOAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By C. Kalchbrenner and M. C. Cooke.

( Continued from Vol. viii. p, 154.)

Folypozus (IVIesopus) perdurans, Kaloh.

Totus ferrugineus, habitu toto Pol. perennis, Fr. ; sed pileus
dense zonatus radiatimque striolatus, glaber, subnitens ; stipes
curtus, ad basim bulbose incrassatus, velutinus ; pori mediocres,
subangulati, acuti.

Tasmania boreali-orientalis (Mueller).

Pileus 1-1-^ unc. latus, stipes vix unciam longus, 4-5 mm. crassus.
Hydnum (Apus) delicatulum, Klotsch. Fr.Ep., 515.

Pileo effuso-reflexo, coriaceo, tenui, margine reflexo, angusto,
lutescente, pagina fertili albescente ; aculeis tenuissimis, regu-
laribus, distantibus, fulvis punctata.

Richmond River (Mueller).

Aculei fere setacei.

Xrpex hexagonoides, KalcTi.

Totus albus. Pileus suberoso-coriaceus, postice porrectus (pen-
dulus ?) pollicem circiter latus, inconspicue zonatus, molliter vil-
losus, dentibus reticulo favaceo, eximie regulari impositis, foliaceis
acutiusculis.

Richmond River (de Mueller).

Hymenium primo favaceum, ut in Hexagona, demum in dentes
foliaceos, unilaterales elevatur.

Stereum semilugens, Kalch.

Membranaceum, subcsespitosum, sessile, lateraliter confluens.
Pilei explanati, semiorbiculares, margine crebro lobati, ruditer
tomentosi, demumve glabrescentes, zonati, e ferrugineo-umbrini ;
hymenium Ise ve, glabrum, griseum, vetustate atro-cinereum, sub-
tilissime rimulosum.

Rockhampton (Mueller).

Fere papyraceum, a Stereo membranaceo, Fr. et Stereo Boryano
Fr., colore inconsueto distinctum.

Thelephora Archeri, Berh. in Tasmanian Flora.

On the ground. Delegate Hill (Mueller).

1

9

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Corticium miniatum, Cke.

Effusum, adnatum, miniatum, ambitu fimbriato albicante ; hy-
raenio subpulverulento, fatiscente ; subtus umbrino.

On bark. Queensland (Baron von Mueller).

When dry the hymenium resembles patches of dried blood,
which cracks off and exposes the umber substratum.

Phallus (Cynophallus) papuasius, Kalch. Mutinus papuasius, K.,

in Grevillea iv., 74.

Peridio exteriori laxo, cum stipite gracili, subflexuoso, cavo,
celluloso pallido. Receptaculum ovato-conicum, stipitem crassitic
superans, laeviusculum, nigrum.

Australia. Queensland, prope Rockhampton, in terra, leg
Thozet, com. de Mueller.

Phallus (Dictyophallus) auxantiacus, Montg., var. discolor, K.

Pedunculus cylindricus, subcequalis, celluloso-cribrosus, auran-
tiacus, peridio ovato, albo, quintuplo longior ; pileus digitaliformis,
praeter marginem liberum adnatus, apice primum clausus, dein
pervius, tenuiter reticulato-rugosus, stipiti subconcolor, demum
nigricans. Sporae ellipticae, *002 X *0015 mm. diam.

Australia orient, subtropica, ad Wigton (Mueller).

In specimine quod ad est (juniore) pileus griseo-lutescens est, in
altero nigricans.

Phallus (Hymenophallus) tahitensis, ScMecht, Syn. Phallus
Daemonum, Hooli. in Beechey Voy.,p. 78.

Pedunculus cylindricus, vix superne angustior, lacunis exiguis
tectus ; laxe amictus velo ultra medium ejus dependente, undulato-
plicato, interstitiis mediocribus, subrhombeis reticulato, basi
integerrimo ; pileus ovalis, medio crassior, apice late perdius, dense
reticulato-rugulosus, basi membrana brevi, plicatula cinctus, pedun-
culo paullulum latior, volva angustior.

N. S. Wales. Richmond River (Mueller).

Differt a Ph. Dcemonum, Rumph., velo longiore, laxius reticulato
pileoque fusco-nigro nec gilvo.

ANTHURUS, n. gen., Kalch. et JU. On.

Volva ovata, truncata, vel leviter lobata ; stipes cylindricus sursum
dilatatus, late pervius, in 7-8 lacinias simplices, lanceolatas divisus ;
stratum sporiferum paginam interiorem laciniarum totam occupans.

Genus Lysuri stipitem ore-plus-minus constrictum (nec late
pervium) habet et lacinias numero pauciores, 4-5. In Aseroe et
Calathisco stratum sporiferum moro hasim laccinarum occupat ;
ceterum-si libet Antliurus. Lysuro ut subgenus adjungi potest.
Anthuxus Mullexianus, Kalchb.

Volva basi coma densa radiculorum aucta; pedunculus inferne
tenuis, sursum cupulari, vel subinfundibuliformi dilatatus ; luteo-
rubescens ; lacinise octo, basi sinu discretas, erecto-patentes, apice
recurvatas, lanceolatse, pagina interne sinuloso-rugosa, rubra ;
massa sporifera atra.

Australia (Mueller).

Volva 2 cent, alta, IJ cent, lata, exsiccatione fuscescens, intus

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

3

nigricans glabra. Pedunculus 4 cent, altus, prope basim vix 5
mm. crassus, superne ad 2 cent, dilatatus, parum rugulosus, haud
cellulosus. Laciniae 2-2|- cent, longse, basi 5 mm. latae, ut in Tulipa
aut Lilio recurvatae et sic quodammodo florem referentes.

Geaster vittatus, Ealchhr.

Peridium exterius membranaceo-coriaceum fornicatum, in octo
circi ter lobos regulares, ex ovato, longe acuminatos, fissum ; pagina
ejus inferior (externa) subglabra, alutacea, longitudinaliter rimosa,
ut albo-vittata appareat ; superior (interna) strato carnoso, tenui,
continuo (haud rimoso) tecta, cinereo-fusca. Peridium interius
globosum, sessile, ore late conico, fimbriato-ciliato, fuscidulum.
Sporae cum capillitio denso, fuscee, subtiliter echinulatae, minutae,
•0'003 mm. diam.

Australia (Mueller).

Mediocris, peridio interiori 2 cent, lato, exteriori, lobis expansis,
9 cent. Rimae in pagina inferiori peridii externi, non ut in G.
MichelianOf ramoso-anastomosantes, sed simplices, lineares, sub-
parallelae.

Geaster striatulus, K. (G. striatus, var. minor.)

Minimis. Peridio exteriori paucifido, extus furfuraceo, ferru-
gineo, interiori subsessili, subconoideo-globoso, pallescente; orc
prominente conico, sulcato. Sporae *005 mm. diam., cum capillitio
cinereo-fuscae.

Australia. Spencer’s Golf ; leg. Tepper (Mueller).

Nucis avellanae magnitudine, laciniae peridii exterioris 6. Mi-
nutie potissimum et indumento peridii exterioris furfuraceo, a G.
striato conspicue differt.

Battarea lillulleri, Kalchbr.

Tota alba, e sporis delapsis demum ferruginea. Peridium ex-
terius in nostro specimine deest ; interius campanulato-mitratum,
insidens stipiti solido, longissimo, sursum leniter incrassato, palea-
ceo squamoso ; paleis subimbricatis, lineari-lanceolatis, deorsum
directis (pendulis). Sporae globosae, verruculosae, *004 mm. diam.,
cum fibris curtis fragilibus, spiralibus, parce intermixtis, pure
ferrugineae.

Australia. Spencer Golf ; leg. Tepper (Mueller).

Species mirabilis generis miri I Pileus 3-4 cent, latus ; stipes
ad 30 cent, longus, basi apice 1 cent, crassus. A. congeneribus
B. phalloides Fr., B. Steveni, Fr., B. Gaudichaudii, Mont., jam
stipite suo, toto squamis paleaceis vestito, optime differt.

Lycoperdon (Globaria) mundula, Kalch.

Peridium, velo floccoso, disparente, glabrum, album, nucis avel-
lanae magnitudine; sporae cum capillitio carneo-rufse, *004 mm. diam.

Austral. Donald, leg. Dr. Curdie.

A simile Gl. pusilla (Pers.) praesertim colore sporarum differt.

PHELLORZNA, Berkl. (ertiend.J

Peridium lentum, persistens, subcroso-corticatum, irregulariter
dehiscens, includens massam conglomeratam sporarum globo-

4

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

sarum, floccis paucis, hyalinis immixtis. Stipes validus, solidus
sublignosus, demum cavus.

Cei. Berkeley, qui pro Phellorina sua, stipitem cavum poscit,
ipse monet, se unicum modo specimen vetustum fungi hujus vi-
disse ; cum vero specimina plura, nuperius e regione Capensi allata
et characteres generis hujus reliquos praB se ferentia, stipite solido
gaudeant, conjicere licet, cavitatem stipitis modo fortuitam, a ve-
tustate pendentem esse. Nec color sporarum flavus, inter char-
acteres generis recipiendus videtur.

Phellorina strobilina, Kalchbr. (Scleroderma strobilina, K., in

Grevill., iv.,74;.')

Peridio globoso-depresso, superne squamis validis, angulatis,
munito, glabro pallido, demum rimose dehiscente ; stipite solido,
sublignoso, nudo, sursum dilatato ; sporarum massa, a stipite dis-
tincta, cinereo-fuscescens. Sporae globosae, verruculosse, vix pellu-
cidae, ‘005 mm. diam.

Queensland. Eockhampton. Thozet, No. 722 (Mueller).

Peridium 5-6 cent. diam, stipes 3-4 cent, longus, 1-1 1 cent,
crassus ; parietes peridii 2-3 mm. crassi ; squamae areolatae frus-
tulatim delabentes.

Dehiscendi modo et colore sporarum a genuinis Phellorinis
differt ; hinc facile novum genus.

Valsa echidna, Cke.

Erumpens. Peritheciis (10-20) in stroma nivea pulverulenta
nidulantibus. Ostiolis cylindricis, elongatis, flexuosis, exsertis.
Ascis numerosissimis, clavatis, minimis (•02-*025 x *006 mm.).
Sporidiis tenuibus, curvulis, hyalinis (.004 mm. long).

On bark (Baron von Mueller).

A most distinct and characteristic species, in habit resembling
Valsa Sallies, Berk.

BREAKING OF THE MERES.

Pi/ W. Phillips, F.L.S.

Several of the Shropshire Meres are subject at this time of year
to, what is locally known, as “ breaking,'^ which consists of a thick
green scum being formed on the surface of the water, which lasts
for a period of a week or more. It is a well-known fact amongst
fishermen that it is utterly useless attempting to fish while the
water is in this state, for the fish are said to be sick, and will not take
the bait. If the cause of this “ breaking ” of the Meres be inquired
about on the spot various opinions are expressed. Some people
attribute it to the seeds of aquatic plants with which they suppose
the water becomes filled, which, as we shall presently see, is not
very far from the truth, G. Christopher Davies, in his little book.

GREVILLEA

PL 134.

a~d. Echinella articulatau. e-g'. Jlnabaena circinalis.

BREAKING OF THE MERES.

5

“ Mountain, Meadow, and Mere,” suggests that it may be caused
by the American weed (^Anacharis alsinastruni) , but, unfortunately
for this opinion, the “ breaking ” was observed long before the
American weed became naturalised in Britain. The real cause of
this phenomenon, so far as the Ellesmere Mere is concerned, is the
rapid growth of a minute Alga {Echinella articulata, Aq.), which,
multiplying at an astonishing rate, forms a dark green slimy scum
which floats on the surface of the water. This Alga was figured in
English Botany, tab. 2,555, so long ago as 1804, but I am not
aware that any figure has been published of it since then, and that
fails to give the precise structure. It is strange that Dr. Eaben-
horst makes no mention of this plant in his “ Flora Europaae
Algarum,” although our British Manuals give an adequate
description of the species (vid “ English Flora,” v. V., p. 498 ;
Harvey’s Manual of British Algse,” p. 187).

Having been informed by a friend that a large pool at Hawk-
stone, the seat of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Hill was “ breaking,” I
obtained, through the kindness of Lord Hill, a bottle of the water
for examination, and was much surprised to find that the cause of
the ‘‘ breaking ” in this pool was a totally different species of
Alga. If I am not mistaken, it is Anabaena circinatis, Rabh.,
“ Flo. Eur. Alg.,” sec. II., p. 183, which is, possibly the same as
Anabaena flos-aquce, Bory. It consists of moniliform filaments,
curved in a corkscrew form, composed of nearly spherical cells,
*005, containing green chlorophyl, with here and there a colourless
cell, slightly larger than the others. These colourless cells are
joined to a large oblong ovate cell, *015 x *007 mm., replete with
a dark green chlorophyl in coarse granules. These large cells drop
to the bottom of the vessel containing the water, surviving the
decay of the rest of the filament. The colourless cells probably
part with their chlorophyl to these larger oblong cells.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE, 134.

Fig. a. — Echinella articulata, nat. size. Filaments, 0‘7 mm. long.

Fig. h. — Single plant enlarged about 70 times.

Fig. c. — Filaments more highly magnified, each with a spherical cell at the
base, ‘OOS-'O! mm., filled with chlorophyl.

Fig. d. — Spherical cells, with very thin walls filled with minute granules,
in an active state of motion. These cells soon become empty, and
the fractured remains of the cell membrane remain. I have only
seen these cells once.

Fig. e. — Anabaena circinalis, Rabh., nat. size.

Fig. /. — Groups of filaments.

Fig. g. — Single filament, showing large oblong cells, with the two adjacent
colourless cells.

6

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke and Dr. Harkness.

This is a first instalment of a collection of abont four hundred
numbers, made during the past year by Dr. Harkness. Species
already described have not been enumerated, except in rare in-
stances where a record has been considered advisable.

Phoma Hosackiae, c. Sf Hh.

Sparsa, punctiformis, subtecta, atra. Sporis cylindrico- ellipticis,
utrinque rotundatis, hyalinis ('01- 012 X '003 mm.).

On stems oi Hosachia glabra. (1424.)

Chaetophoma atziella, Q. Hk.'

Atra, effusa, velutina. Hyphis erectis, simplicibus, flexuosis,
cum conidiis ellipsoideis, 1-2 septatis. Conceptaculis globosis
('8-’18' mm.), brunneis, membranaceis. Sporis minutis, ovatis
(.004 X *003 mm.).

On bark of Acer macrophyllum. (1549.)

Vezxnlculazia subglabza, 0. ^ Hk.

Sparsa, epidermide nigrofacto tecta. Peritbeciis subapplanatis,
aliis glabris, aliis pilis sparsis brevibus cristatis. Sporis lunatis,
hyalinis, trinucleatis (*02 mm. long).

On stems of Helianthus. (1599.)

Septozla helianthicola, C. ^ Hk.

Peritbeciis semi-immersis, atris, maculis nigris formantibus.

Sporis rectis vel flexuosis, linearibus, achrois (•03-*035 x '001
mm.).

On stems of Helianthcs. (1600.)

Discella olivacea, C. d: Hk.

Sparsa, atro-olivacea, cupulseformis (-^ mm. diam). Sporis

ellipticis, utrinque sub-attenuatis, olivaceis, integris ('014 x ‘007
mm.).

On stems of Nettle (?). . (1325.)

Discella tenulspora, Cke. ds Hk.

Sparsa, atro-viridis, punctiformis, applanata, margine leniter
elevato (|-i mm. diam.). Sporis rectis, cylindraceis, obtusis,
hyalinis ('02 X '0025 mm.).

On Juncus. (1301.)

Diplodia microscoplca, C. Sf Hk.

Sparsa, tecta. Peritbeciis minimis, vix conspicuis. Sporis

ellipticis, pallide fuscis, uniseptatis, leniter constrictis ('01 x '003
mm.).

On stems of Cynoglossum. (1267.)

Diplodia zhuina, C. d: Hk.

Sparsa, erumpens. Peritbeciis subglobosis, atris. Sporis
ellipticis, uniseptatis, nec constrictis, brunneis ('025-'028 X '01-'012
mm.).

On stems of Bhus triloba, mth an immature Sphaeria. (1328 a.)

CALII-ORNIAN' FUNGI.

7

Hendersonia gallorum, C. 4"

Sparsa, atra, prominulis, demum erumpens. Sporis subellipticis,
utrinque attenuatis, fuscis, triseptatis, cellula penultima longi-
tudinaliter divisa (*02 X *008 mm.).

On stem of Galium. (1389.)

Dichomera Fhaceliae, C. 4

Sparsa, atra, erumpens, opaca, obtusa.* Sporis subglobosis, vel
breviter ellipticis, atro fuscis, transverse et longitudinaliter 1-2
septatis (*012 X *009 mm.).

On stems of Phacelia. (1427.)

Sometimes the spores are so opaque that the septa are not
evident.

Dichomera compositarum, C. 4

Sparsa, erumpens, atra, opaca, obtusa. Sporis ovatis 2-3 sep-
tatis, merenchymatis, atro-fuscis, demum opacis (-02 x *014 mm.).
On stems of Artemisia and Achillea. (1238, 1367, 1537.)

Glaeosporium leguminis, C. 4

Tectum, sparsum. Sporis ovalibus, hyalinis, in massam gelati-
nosam effluentibus (*012 X *006 mm.).

On legumes. (1203.)

Torula glutinosa, C. 4

Epiphylla. Maculis atris orbicularibus. Hyphis ramosis vel
furcatis, brunneis. Articulis subquadratis ('0065 mm. diam.).

On leaves of Eriodictyon glutinosum. (1442.)

Allied to Torula plantaginis.

Coleosporium haccharidis, C. & Hk.

Epicaulinum. Soris elongato-erumpentibus (1 cm.) aurantiis,
pulverulentis. Sporis concatenatis, demum liberis, ellipticis, gra-
nulatis (*05 x *02 mm.).

On living twigs of Baccharis. (1257.)

With the habit of Coleosporium pingue j the spores when free are
attenuated towards each extremity.

Macrosporum culmorum, C. 8f hTk.

Fuligineum, effusum, subcrustaceum. Hyphis flexuosis, simpli-
cibus furcatisve, fuscis. Sporis clavatis, 3-4 septatis, hinc illic
loculis divisis (*04 *05 X *018 mm.).

On culms of maize. (1200, 1232, 1199.)

It is very difficult to characterize the closely-allied forms in this
genus, but the present may perhaps be considered entitled to rank
as distinct.

Trichaegum atrum, Preuss. in Sturm Deutsch Flora.

Sporis Isevibus (•018-*02 mm. diam.).

On stems of Scrophularia. (1663.)

Trichaegum opacum, G. dsHk.

Effusum, atrum. A cervulis minutis ; floccis erectis, subflexu-
osis, simplicibus, atro-fuscis. Sporis subglobosis, angulato-cellu-
losis, atris, opacis, minute granulosis (-025 mm, diam.).

On wood of Acer macrophyllum.

(1556.)

8

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

Fusarium gallinaceum, C. 4' SJt.

Aiirantium, tremelloideum, convexum. Hyphis furcato-ramosis.
Sporis fusiformibus, curvulis, utrinque acutis, nucleatis (•04-*05
X '003 mm.).

On chicken feathers. • (1292.)

Leotia ochzoleuca, C. Sf HJc.

Sparsa, tremellosa. Pileo carnoso, convexo, undulato, ochro-
leuco ; margine involuto. Stipite albo, gracili, flexuoso (1 inch).
Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis cylindricis, curvulis, nucleatis (*025 x
*002 mm.). Paraphysibus quandoque curvatis, hinc illic furcatis.
On damp ground. (1371.)

Allied to L. circinans^ hut sporidia only half as long.

Stictis decipiens, Karst. Myc. 'Penn.

Sporidiis *12 mm. long.

On Artemisia.

Stictis xadiata, var. pumila.

Sporidiis •23-*25 mm. long.

On Mimulus glutinosa.

Stictis annulata, Cke. d; Phil.

Sparsa, orbicularis. Cupulis depressis (•3-’5 mm. diam.). Mar-
gine albo, integro, annulato. Hymenio ochraceo vel pallido. Ascis
elongato-cylindricis. Sporidiis filiformibus, subflexuosis (*16-* 18
mm. long).

On bark of Lonicera. (1213, 1310.)

This species had previously been found in Britain by Mr. Phillips,
and seems to be distinct from any form of S. radiata.

Ascomyces fulgens, C. 4"

Bullatum. Maculis irregularibus, laete aurantiaceis, contortis.
Ascis brevibus. (?) Sporidiis subglobosis ( 0035 mm. diam.).

On living leaves of Arctostaphylos. (1513.)

Apparently but few sporidia in each ascus, but this could not be
accurately determined, as the asci were dissolved, and the sporidia
agglomerated in groups of 6 to 8.

Sphsezia (Fleospora) labiataxum, C. 4 SJt.

Sparsa, atra, semitecta. Peritheciis. F. herbario minoribus.
Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, succineo-flavi-
dis, triseptatis. Locula pen ultima longitudinaliter divisa (.025 x
•01 mm.).

On stems of Marrubium vulgare. (1488.)

Sphaeria epiptezidis, C. 4 F.k.

Sparsa, tecta, vel erumpens et semi-immersa, atra. Ascis cla-
vatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis fusiformibus, hyalinis, 3-5 septatis
(•022-’025 X '005 mm. diam.).

On stipes of F teris aquilina. (1288, 1290.)

Sphaezella bzachytheca, C. d Hh.

Peritheciis sparsis, tectis, exiguis (*06 mm. diam.), membrana-
ceis. Ascis ovatis (-02 x *016 mm.). Sporidiis ellipticis, hyalinis,
uniseptatis (-008 x *004 mm.).

On stems of Convolvulus. (1382.

(1368.)

(1323.)

CAf.TFOriNlAN FUNGI.

‘J

Sphaerella azaliae, C. & Hh.

Peritheciis gregariis, brunneis, membranaceis, epidermide tectis,
in maculis orbicularibus congestis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, hyalinis, uniseptatis (-01 x *004 mm.).

On stems of Aralia californica. (1246.)

Sphaerella dendzomeconis, C. 4" Bh

Minima, sparsa, epidermide tecta. Peritheciis membranaceis,
brunneis. Sporidiis biseriatis, ellipticis, hyalinis, uniseptatis, cel-
lula infra tenuior (’016 x *005 mm.).

On stems of Dendromecon rigidum. (1386.)

Sphaezella acaciae, C. ETc.

Epiphylla, subgregaria. Peritheciis membranaceis, epidermide
tectis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, hyalinis, sublanceolatis,
medio constrictis, uniseptatis, binucleatis (*025 X *007 mm.).

On leaves of Acacia. (1415.)

The sporidia appear to become ultimately triseptate, but too in-
distinct to be included in the diagnosis.

SAPROLEGNIA FERAX.

The subject of the salmon disease still occupies the attention of
the Fishery Commissioners, and we observe that a paper on the
subject has been read at the Dumfriesshire Natural History Society,
in which it is maintained that the disease is aggravated, if not
caused, by the presence of a vast number of bacteria in the flesh of
the diseased spots. Mr. Rutherford writes : — “ Sections of the
muscle, when placed under the microscope, were seen to be literally
one mass of life ; that life being a species of Bacteria. They are
small discoid-looking bodies, which in this case I find embedded in,
and moving amongst, the striated muscle fibre of the fish, and
when by pressure or otherwise they are forced into the surround-
ing fluid, they have a power of motion, moving mostly in a sort of
circular direction. In some fish that I have examined, I ob-
served that the muscle was almost detached from the strong fibro-
muscle layer of the skin, and the muscle fibres of that layer were
not adhering together as in their natural state, and could be
separated from each other like threads by the needle. Whether
that diseased condition of that part of the skin was caused by the
state of the muscle immediately below it, or by the fungus on the
surface, I am not in a position to say.” Afterwards he says : —
‘‘ The disease was located in the muscle of the fish, and I also have
some idea that it will be found to commence in the blood, caused
either by the food they eat, or by some deleterious solution in the
water which passes through the gills; and that the unhealthy
decaying fluid or matter which will naturally pass off from those
Bacteria, and exude through the pores of the skin, forms a healthy

10

SAPROLKGNIA FERAX.

and proper nidus for the gernunation of the zoospores of the
fungus, which must be in those affected rivers in myriads.”

It would be some consolation to the mycologist if, after all, he
could feel convinced that this fatal salmon disease was not
primarily caused by the Saprolegnia. But there are very grave
doubts whether these Bacteria are not more probably the result of
a certain disintegration of the substance of the flesh caused by the
mycelium of the Saprolegnia, than a preliminary depravity of the
flesh inducing the subsequent development of the fungus. How-
ever much we may dislike the conclusion that a fungus is the
principal cause of so much mischief, I fear that we must accept
the force of evidence which goes to show that the Saprolegnia
appears to be the great destructive agent in this disease. It may
be true, and undoubtedly is, that the constitution of the fish is in a
low condition, that it is debilitated, and powerless to resist the
fungoid attacks; and that this condition may be the result of
various secondary causes ; but the theory that Bacteria in the
flesh is the primary cause, though it may be a new suggestion, can
scarcely be accepted as a true one. The coincidence should be
borne in mind, even if it is no more than a coincidence, that in all
the great instances of devastating fungal disease, there has been
an undoubtedly weakened constitution in the subject, caused by
overcultivation, and in-breeding, preliminary to the attacks.
Such was the case in the silkworm, and it fell a prey to “muscar-
dine.” In the potato, and it succumbed to ^the Peronospora. In
the vine, and it became a victim to Oidium. May we not add also,
in the salmon, ere it was devastated by the Saprolegnia ; and it
may yet be to the onion in Europe, and the poppy in India, unless
the thi'eatened misfortune should be averted.

EXOTIC FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

The following small collections from various localities are chiefly
in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens at Kew : —

Venezuela.

The following specimens were sent by Dr. Ernst as illustrations
of the diseases of the Coffee Plant. Only one is really destruc-
tive, and that has been previously described. We regret that we
cannot accede to his view that it is a condition of a species of
Erysiphe.

Felliculazia Koleroga, Cke. in Grevillea.

On leaves of Coffea arahica. Venezuela (Dr. Ernst).

This is the Erysiphe? scandens, Ernst. We have failed in find-
ing the concatenate conidia and pycnidia as described by Dr. Ernst.

EXOTIC FUNGI.

11

In habit it is less dense, but differs in no other respect from the
Mysore specimens.

Leptostroxna discoldea, Cke,

Epiphylla, punctiformis, sparsa, convexa, atra. Sporis minutis,
linearibus, hyalinis, rectis (‘006 mm. long).

On leaves of Coffea arahica. Venezuela (Dr. Ernst).
Resembling externally a minute species of Microthyrium.

Toxula Sphaerella, Cke.

Gregaria, atra. Caespitulis sphaeriseformibus, sub-globosis, com-
pactis. Sporis cylindraceis, quinque- articulatis, constrictis, brun-
neis, •018-‘02 x *004 mm., cellulis subquadratus, nec facile dis-
silientibus (‘004 mm. diam.).

On leaves of Coffea arahica. Venezuela (Dr. Ernst).

Stilbum flavidum, Cke.

Pallido-flavidum, gracile ; capitis globosis, stipitibus flexuosis,
tenuibus. Sporis minimis, sub-globosis (*0015 nim. diam.).

On leaves of Coffea arahica. Venezuela (Dr. Ernst).

Seated, several together, upon pallid spots, similar to, and in
company with, Spheerella coffeicola.

Sphaexella coifeicola, Cke.

Maculae pallidae, subrotundatfe, margine brunneo (J-1 cm.).
Peritheciis paucis, sparsis, immersis, atro-fuscis, minimis. Ascis
clavatis. Sporidiis fusiformibus, arcte constrictis, uniseptatis,
binucleatis, hyalinis (025 X *0045 mm.).

On leaves of Coffea arahica. Venezuela (Dr. Ernst).

Not more than two or three perithecia scattered over a roundish
pallid spot. Sometimes the Stilhum occupies the same spot.

Paraguay.

Collected by M. Balansa.

Meliola fuxcata, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat.

On leaves. (No. 1291.)

Txiblidium rufulum, Spreng.

On branches. (No. 1276.)

Nectria coccinea, Fr.

On bark. (No. 1287.)

Xylarla grammica, Mont.

On wood. (No. 2709.)

Piiccinia pilocarpi, Cke.

Amphigena. Soris magnis, bullatis, in annulis confluentibus,
purpureo-brunneis. Pseudosporis elongato-ellipticis, constrictis,
laevibus, laete brunneis (*045-*055 X *02-’025 mm.). Pedicellis
hyalinis, elongatis.

On leaves of Pilocarpus Selloanus. Paraguay (Balansa,
1290).

12

EXOTIC FUNGI.

Stereum xanthellum, Che.

Coriaceo-membranaceum, ochraceo-flavidum ; pileo infundibuli-
formi, glabro, opaco, leniter subzonato ; margine undulato ; stipite
deorsum attenuato, tenui ; hymenio pruinoso, concolori.

On wood. (No. 2700.)

Resembling S. elegans, Fr., in size and form, but very different
in colour and texture. It has very much the appearance of new
wash leather. Stem about the same length as the pileus, about
one inch.

Brazil.

Polyposus (Pleuzopus) sanguineus, Fr.

On wood. Rio Janeiro. (Glaziou, 11767.)

Polyposus (Placodesmei) Austsalis, Fr.

On wood. Rio Janeiro. (Grlaziou, .)

Polyposus (Placodesmei), ulmasius, Fr.

On wood. Rio Janeiro. (Glaziou, 11772.)

Polyposus (Placodesmei) latesitius, Che.

Pileo suberoso-lignoso, explanato, diinidiato-sessili, sublateritio,
concentrice viridi-zonato, postice tuberculoso duro, opaco ; intus
molli, leete lateritio ; poris minutis rotundis confluenti-stratosis,
ferrugineo-fuscis mm. diam.).

On wood. Rio Janeiro. (Glaziou, 11770.)

Pileus 8 to 10 inches by 4 to 5 inches, and two inches thick
behind. Perennial. Internally of a bright brick red, or almost
orange red ; somewhat of the colour of a red-fleshed melon.
Substance beneath the hard horny cuticle not at all fibrous ; soft,
but firm ; not so dense as in P. ulmarius. With a sharp knife it
may be cut in slices almost as thin as paper. Pores smaller than
in P. fomentarius.

Tsametes ochscflava, Che.

Ubique ochraceo-flavida ; pileo suberoso, compacto, convexo
applanato-ve, tuberculoso ; margine saepe concentrice sulcato ; intus
concolore ; poris subrotundis, minutis, aequalibus, ochraceis.

On trunks. Rio Janeiro. (Glaziou, 11769.)

Pileus 3 to 10 inches by 2 to 5 inches, and from ^ to 1 inch
thick behind. Often imbricated. Pores |^th mm. diam. Internally
concentrically zoned. Tubes half an inch long, or more, according
to the thickness of the pileus.

Japan.

Polyposus (Placodesmei) glaucotus, Che.

Pileo suberoso-lignoso, applanato, concentrice sulcato, glabro,
• nitido cinereo, postice gibbo; intus molli fibroso, rhabarbarino-
fusco. Poris rotundis, minutis, brevibus, cinn am orneis.

Oli wood. Japan. (Mr. C. Welford).

EXOTIC FUNGI.

13

Often imbricated, or with a short stem. Sometimes three or
four short stems arise from a hard tuberiform mass, the size of a
hen’s egg, which is of the same substance as the pileus. Pilei 3
by 2 inches ; 1^ inches thick at the base. Attenuated to the thin
margin, which is of a shining blue-grey.

Polypozus (Flacodezmei) concentricus, Qke,

Pileo lignoso, subapplanato, Isevi remote concentrice sulcato,
fusco, purpureo-fasciato, intus duro, pallido, zonato. Poris minutis,
rotundis mm. diam.) ochraceis, demum, cinnamomeis.

On wood. Locality uncertain.

Pileus 7 by 5 inches ; 1^ inches thick behind. Tubes nearly
half the thickness. Substance wood-coloured ; concentrically zoned*
Externally the pileus is variegated with numerous concentric purple
lines. Somewhat resembling P. fasciatus^ Fr.

India.

The following have been received from Dr. Aitcheson and Mr.
Duthie : —

Fodaxon calyptratus, Fr Sys. Myc.

On the ground. Punjab (Dr. Aitcheson).

Eaten by the natives.

Helvella crispa, Fr. Cke. Myco. f. 159.

On the ground. Punjab (Dr. Aitcheson).

This is acknowledged as an edible species in Europe.

Agaricus (Lepiota) excoriatus, Schoeff. t 19.

On the ground. Punjab (Dr. Aitcheson).

Geaster hygrometricus, Fr. Sys. Myc.

On the ground. Saharunpore (Mr. Duthie).

Fhyllosticta marmorata, Cke.

Maculis niveis, numerosissimis, hinc illic confluentibus. Peri-
theciis paucis (1-2) semi-immersis, punctiformibus, brunneis.
Sporis ellipticis, hyalinis ( 005 mm. long).

On leaves of Mallotus Philippinensis. Saharunpore (Duthie).

Persia.

Collected in Kurdistan, Luristan, &c., by Dr. Haussknecht

Asteroma haussknechtiae, Cke.

Peritheciis atris, minimis, in maculis nigris irregularibus con-
gestis. Sporis arcte ellipticis, hyalinis (*006 mm. long).

On faded leaves of Haussknechtia. Luristan (Dr. Haussk-
necht).

Fuccinia achilleae, Cke.

Epiphylla. Soris discoideis, erumpentibus, purpureo-brunneis ;
pseudo-sporis elongato-ellipticis, brunneis, constrictis (*05 X *025
mm.), episporis leniter granulatis, pedicellis hyalinis, elongatis,
^obustis. Protosporis n. v.

On Achillcea albicaulis. Kurdistan.

u

EXOTIC FUNGI.

Fuccinia gundeliae, Cke.

Ampliigena. Soris orbicularibus, sparsis, brunneis. Proto-
sporis globosis, fuscis, granulatis (*028-’03 mm.). Teleutosporis
immixtis late ellipsoideis vel difformibus (•032-*035 x *02 mm.),
laevibus ; pedicellis brevissimis.

On Gundelia Tournefortii. Kurdistan.

Fuccinia heterophylla, Cke.

Hypopbylla, vel ampbigena. Boris applanatis, suborbicularibus ,
brunneis, pulverulentis, dense gregariis. Protosporis globosis,
laevibus, pallide fuscis (•02-'022 mm.). Teleutosporis, in soris
immixtis obscurioribus, ellipticis, vix constrictis, brunneis (*03-
•032 X *02 mm.), laevibus; pedicellis brevissimis.

On Serratula heterophylla. Kurdistan.

Fuccinia Jurineae, Cke.

Epiphylla. Soris discoid eis, atro-fuscis, sparsis. Teleuto-
sporis ellipticis, constrictis, laete brunneis (*05 X ’03 mm.), epis-
porio laevi ; pedicellis gracilis, hyalinis, elongatis (circa *08 mm. long).
On Jurinea. Beg Dagh,

Melampsori Lini, lui. Ann. Sci. Nat.

On Linum austriacum. Luristan.

IMEelampsoxa Euphorbiae, Tui. Ann. Sci. Nat.

On E. falcata.

Uromyces gypsophilae, Cke.

Hypopbylla, vel caulina. Soris orbicularibus, atro-fuscis,
magnis. Pseudosporis subglobosis, intense fuscis (•025--027 mm.).
Episporio verruculoso, pedicellis evanidis. Protosporis n. v.

On Gypsophila. Kurdistan.

Natal.

Communicated by Mr. J. M. Wood, of Inanda : —

Agaricus (Collybia) dryophilus, Ft. prox.

On the ground.

Trametes funalis, Fr. Epicr., p. 459.

On wood.

Cladoderxis Australica, Berk.

The pileus of a dark umber brown.

On wood.

Fhysarum cinereum, Batsch.

On grasses.

JEcidium aroideum, Cke. in Grevillea.

On leaves of Stylochiton.

Coleosporium ochraceum, FcU.

On leaves of Agrimonia.

Fuccinia hydrocotyles C^Tont.).

Protosporis {Vredo hydrocotyles, M.) immixtis. Teleutosporis
ellipticis, leniter constrictis, brunneis (*03 x *02 mm.). Epis-
porio Icevi, pedicellis elongatis.

On Hydrocotyle.

(No. 434.)
(No. 433.)

(No. 239.)
(No. 429.)
(No. 114.)
(No. 432.)

(No. 450.)

EXOTIC FUNGI.

15

Darluca filum, Cast.

On leaves of Vigna marginata. (No. 115.)

Meliola bifida, Clce.

Epiphylla vel cauligena, atra, effusa, velutina. Conceptaculis
globosis. Appendiculis erectis, ad apicem bifidis ; ramulis brevis,
acutis. Sporidiis cylindricis, obtusis, quadri-septatis, leniter con-
strictis, brunneis (*05 X *012 mm.).

On Osiridocarpus Natalensis.

New Zealand.

Communicated by Mr. F. Kirk : —

Polypoxus (Anodexmei) cinnabaxinus, Fr.

On wood.

Polypoxus (Placodexmei) austxalis, Fr.

On wood.

Polypoxus (Znodexmei) tabacinus, Mont.

On wood.

Hixneola polytxicha, Mont.

On wood.

Lycopexdon ccelatum, Fr.

On the ground.

Lycopexdon gemmatum, Fr. var. papillatum.

On the ground.

Guepinia spathulaxia, Fr.

On wood.

Hystexium sinuosum, Che.

Gregarium, flexuosum, opacum, striatum, utrinque obtusum ;
labiis conniventibus (J-2 mm. long). Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, medio constrictis, hyalinis, multiseptatis, muriformibus
(•02-‘03 X •Ol-’Olfi mm.).

On bleached wood. (No. 54.)

External appearance quite distinct from any other species with
muriform sporidia.

Sphaexostilbe nigxescens, Kalch. ^ Che. Fungi Capensi?^ ined.

Perithecia caespitosa, erumpens, coccineo-rubra, demum nigres-
cens, globoso-depressa. Ascis clavato-cylindricis. Sporidiis ellip-
ticis, multiseptatis, merenchymatis, hyalinis (•03-*04 x •012--015
mm.). Conidiis stilboideis, clavatis, vel subrotundis, pallidis ;
stipite obscuriore; sporis ellipsoideis, hyalinis (*006 X *003 mm.).
On bark. (No. 53.)

Sporidia resembling those of Sph. pseudoti'ichia, Schw., but peri-
thecia csespitose, and turning blackish.

Kypoxylon exutans, Che. in Grevillea.

On bark of trees.

Diatxype glomexaxia, Berk.

On branches.

(No. 46.)
(No. 44.)
(Nos. 45, 49.)
(No. 48.)
(No. 47.)
(No. 50.)
[(No. 52.)

(No. 51.)
(No. 56.)

16

NEW COSMARIUM IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE.

We have been somewhat surprised to learn that Dr. Wittrock
has found a new species of Cosmarium in the fountains of Trafalgar
Square (London), which he calls Cosmarium trafalgaricum. New
organisms turn up in the most unexpected manner, and, although
this was found as far back as 1872, many of us are now hearing
of the fact for the first time. Specimens are published in
Wittrock’s Exsiccati, it is presumed, although not detected in the
copy we have seen, under No. 81. It has been thus described : —

Cosmarium trafalgaricum. Wittr.

Parvum, quinta fere parte longius quam latus, in medio pro-
funde constrictum, sinu lineari extrorsum ampliato, membrana
glabra ; semicellulis a fronte visis reniformibus, latere dorsali in
medio leviter emarginato, a latere visis orbicularibus, in utroque
latere tuberculo minimo mediano ornatis, a vertice visis ellipticis,
lateribus tuberculo minimo mediano ornatis. Long, cell 24-26 m.,
lat. 20-21 m., crass 13-14 m. lat. isthmi 6-7 m.

In the fountains, Trafalgar Square, London. Allied to C.
Phaseolus, Breb., and may be compared with C. Bicardia, Reinsch.

Braithwaite’s British Moss Flora. — The attention of
Bryologists is specially directed to the announcement, which
accompanied the last number of “ Grevillea,” of the commencement
of a series of monographs by Dr. R. Braithwaite, F.L.S., of the
families of British mosses. These monographs will each be com-
plete in itself, illustrated by plates of all the species, with micro-
scopical details of their structure. The work commenced with the
Andreagaceae, which is ready for delivery. Subscribers for the first
section will receive twelve plates illustrating the Andreasaceae (2),
Buxbaumiacea© (1), Georgiaceae (1), Polytrichacese (5), and
Fissidentacese (3). The subscription for this, and similar sections,
will be half-a-guinea. It is unnecessary to add that this work will
be thoroughly abreast of the time, and that Dr. Braithwaite may
be relied upon to do his duty completely and satisfactorily.

The above paragraph was written for insertion in our last num-
ber, but pressed out for lack of space. Since then we have seen
the two parts already issued, and find them fully equal to our
expectations. No Bryologist in this country, or indeed in the
United States, can do without a copy of this Moss Flora, which,
being privately printed, we would recommend them strongly to pro-
cure without delay. It may be had direct, on application to the
author, No. 303, Clapham Road, London.

17

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

By C. Kalchbrenner and M. C. Cooke.

The majority of specimens from which the following species
have been described were collected by Professor McOwan at
Somerset East, and communicated to Herr C. Kalchbrenner. A
few were obtained in Natal by Mr. J. M. Wood, of Inanda. They
have been determined for some months, but publication has unfor-
tunately been delayed.

Agazicus (Lepiota) pteropus, ZaicA. 4*

Facies Ag. Friesii, Lasch, sed procerus, stipite ebulbi, omnino
solido, annulo fixo, lamellis sub adnatis. Odor fortissimus, raph-
anoideus, cum odore liquaminis fungorum (“ Ketchup ”) pro con-
dimento praeparato sed omnino ingratus.

On the ground. No. 392.

Agazicus (Lepiota) rubricatus, Berh ^ Br., Ceylon Fungi, p. 497,
prox.

On the ground. Nos. 103, 394.

Agazicus (Fleurotus) septicus, Fr.

On wood. No. 191.

Agazicus (Fleurotus) aureo-tomentosus, Kalch.

Pileus carnosus, vix excentricus, e hemispherico-convexus,
obtusus, exstrius, cum stipite farcto subsequali aureo-tomentosus ;
tomentum in disco pilei areolatum, quasi verruculosum. Lamellae
adnato-decurrentes, sub-distantes, cum carne stipitis et pilei albolu-
tescentes.

Oil wood. No. 416.

Agaricus (Fsilocybe) taediosus, Kalch.

Pileus carnosus, e convexo-planus, obtusus vel vertice depressus
(1-2 poli, latus) stipes gracilis, cavus (4-5 unc. longus, 1-2 lin.
crassus). Lamellae adnatae ventricosae, sub confertae, fuligineae.
Sporae ovatae ('012 X ‘009 mm.).

On the ground. No. 393.

Pileus brown, stem paler ; flesh of the pileus 2-2 J"' thick.
Coprinus punctatus, Kalchh.

Pileus tenuiter carnosus, cylindrico-campanulatus (2-2^ unc.
altus, 1-1-^ unc. latus) vertice squamulosus, impressus, margine
striatus, epidermide firmula, squamules nigricantibus subtilissime
punctata et passim vage rimosa, fuscescens. Stipes solidus, gracilis,
fere spithamaceus (medio 2-3'" crassus), utrinque fusiformi-atten-
uatus et ipsa basi ovato-bulbosus, fibrillosus, pallidus. Lamellae
liberae, postice attenuatae, nigrae. Sporae ovales *0015 x '001 mm.
nigrae.

On the ground. No. 413.

Xezotus caffzozum, Kalchh. Fungi Capensis ined.

2

No. 341.

18

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Xerotus nigxita, Lev. (^Panus melajiophyllus, Fr. Fungu Fatal).

On wood. No. 189.

Lentinus Zeyhexi, Berk. Hook. Journ., II. 507.

On wood.

Iientinus stxigosus, Fr.

On wood.

No. 97.
No. 421.

No. 1221.

No. 489.

C3rphella faxinacea, Kalch. Sf Qke.

Siibgregaria, aquose-grisea. Cupulis (1-2 mm.) expansis,
demum explanatis, extus albo-farinaceis, margine sub-recurvo ;
contextu tenue, diapbano.

On naked wood.

Cyphella punctifoxmis, Fr. var. stxigosa.

Pilis elongatis, granulatis.

On dead leaves.

Txemella micxopexa, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Erumpens, sicco bysteiiiformis, udo gilva, convexa. Sporopboris
ovatis. Sporis elongato -ellipticis quandoque curvulis, triseptatis,
byalinis (*02 X '01 mm.).

On branches. No. 1351.

Breaking tbrougb tbe bark in a similar manner to Colpoma quer-
cinum, Wallr.

Hypsilophoxa calloxioides, Kalch 4- Che.

Rosea, gelatinosa, pulvinata, erumpens (1 cm. long). Hypbis
simplicibus vel furcatis, concatenato -cellulosis ; cellulis oblongis,
utrinque truncatis, byalinis, uni-micleatis.

On dead wood. No. 73.

With tbe babit of Dacrymyces^ but separated from that genus by
Berkeley, in common with two or three North American species, on
account of the moniliform threads.

Fhoma stapeliae, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Sparsa, epidermide nigrifacto tecta. Peritheciis globoso-de-
pressis. Sporis arete ellipticis, byalinis, binucleatis (•01-'012 X
*003 mm.).

On stems of Stapelia moschata. Nos. 476, 1395.

Fhoma axtemisiae, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Sparsa, tecta, hysteriiformis, atra, Peritheciis applanatis, sporis
subfusiformibus, byalinis, binucleatis (’OIS-'CIS X '004 mm.).
Sporopboris tenuibus, elongatis, superne curvulis.

On stems of Artemisia. No. 1399.

Fhoma tatulse, Kalch <k Cke.

Sparsa, minima. Peritheciis membranaceis, punctiformibus,
fuscis. Sporis ellipticis, byalinis (-0065 X *004 mm.).

On stems of Datura tatula. No. 1407.

Macxoplodia coxticale, Kalch & Cke.

Sub superficiale, gregarium. Peritheciis subglobosis, atris, vix
papillatis. Sporis ovato-globosis, fuscis (-0075 x *004 mm.).

On bark. Nos. 138, 522,

Resembling a small Spheeria of tbe section Denudatce, but with-
out asci.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

19

Diplodia cassinopsidis, Kalch. <Sir Qke.

Sparsa, epidermide nigrifacto tecta, nitida, centro pertusa. Peri-
theciis subconicis, sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, nec constrictis,
fuscis (*022 X ‘01 mm.).

On Cassinopsis Capensis. No. 1264.

It has the habit and appearance of a species of Pemphidium, but
with the fruit of a Diplodia.

Diplodia clematidis, Kalch. §' Che.

Sparsa, erumpens, epidermide cincta. Peritheciis obtusis, atris,
opacis. Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, nec constrictis, fuscis (‘012-
*014 X ‘005 mm.).

On twigs of Clematis brachiata. No. 1358.

Vermiculairia dianthi, Westdp.

On leaves of Dianthus. No. 1435.

Ceuthospora oleae, Kalch. ^ Ohe.

Epiphylla. Maculis orbicularibus, fuscis. Peritheciis depressis,
fissu rato-dehiscentibus. Sporis cylindricis, utrinque obtusis,
hyalinis, (-03 x *0035 mm.).

On leaves of Olea Capensis. No. 1333.

PROTOSTEGZA, Cke.

Primo tecta, dein denudato, discoidea, margine lacerato, dentato,
fimbriatove. Disco gelatinoso. Sporis elongatis, simplicibus, vel
septatis, pedicellatis, dein liberis.

This genus was constituted for the reception of the species long
known as Stegia Magnolice Rav. from the United States. It may
possibly be a stylosporous condition of Stegia^ but no asci have yet
been discovered.

Fxotostegia eucleae, Kalch. ds Che.

Epiphylla. Receptaculis immersis, discoideis, fuscis margine
dentato ; disco aquose cinereo, convexo ; sporophoris parce
ramosis ; sporis linearibus, rectis, vel curvulis multinucleatis,
demum 3-5 septatis (•04-'05 X *003 mm.).

On leaves of Euclea undulata. No. 1340.

ONCOSPORA, Kalch.

Receptaculum erumpens, cupulasformis vel discoidea, plerumque
gregaria, vel stromatis tympanoideis enata ; hymenio nudo, gela-
tinoso ; sporis hyalinis, continuis, flexuosis in, hyphis tenuissimis
apicalibus gerentibus.

Differs from Protostegia in its similarity to Tympanis rather than
to Stegia^ and in the different character of the spores. The cups are
substipitate and emergent, often csespitose.

Oncospora bullata, Kalch. ^ Che.

Maculae bullatae, nigrae. Receptaculis gregariis, discoideis, atris,
margine elevato ; hymenio fusco. Sporis subclavatis, hamatis, vel
sigmoideis, simplicibus (*03 x *007 mm.).

On leaves of Capparis citrifolia. No. 23.

Resembling a cluster of the cups of Peziza Dehnii^ collected on
a dark bullate spot. Spores of a peculiar form, often sigmoid, or
resembling a note of interrogation (?).

20

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Oncospora viridans, Kalch. & Cke.

Epiphylla, ciespitosa, erumpens. Receptaculis atris, substipi-
tatis, in stromate pulvinato congestis ; disco cinereo ; sporis cylin-
dricis, vel subclavatis, rectis, vel curvulis (*02 X *0035 mm.)
hyalinis ; sporophoris in gelatina viridi immersis.

Oli leaves of Capparis Guienzii. No. 1273 bis.

Sacidium gomphocarpi, Kalch. Sc Che.

Maculis, suborbicularibus, fuscis. Peritheciis gregariis, minimis,
applanatis, membranaceis, fuscis. Sporis subglobosis, achrois
(•004 mm.).

On leaves of Gompho carpus fruticosus. No. 1434.

Septoria umbelliferazum, Kalch.

Maculis suborbicularibus, fuscis. Peritheciis in centro suffultis,
punctiformibus ; sporis linearibus, rectis vel flexuosis, hyalinis
(.035-*05 mm. long).

On leaves of Umhelliferce. No. 1393.

Septoria nesodes, Kalch.

Epiphylla. Maculis irregularibus, fuscis. Peritheciis immersis,
membranaceis. Sporis cylindricis, obtusis, multinucleatis, rectis vel
curvulis (•02--025 mm. long).

On leaves of Hydrocotyle Asiatica. No. 1115.

Septoria buddleiae, Kalch. ^ Che.

Epiphylla. Maculis irregularibus, fuscis, hinc illic confluentibus.
Peritheciis membranaceis, semi-immersis. Sporis linearibus, rectis
vel flexuosis, hyalinis (•04--05 mm.long).

On leaves of Buddleia salvicefolia. No. 1251c.

Phyllosticta aloes, Kalch.

Epiphylla. Maculis ellipticis, aurantio-fuscis. Peritheciis mem-
branaceis, gregariis, fuscis, immersis. Sporis ellipticis, profusis,
hyalinis (*005 mm. long).

On Aloe latifolia. No. 1023.

Phyllosticta auriculata, Kalchh. db Che.

Epiphylla. Maculis orbicularibus, pallidis, purpureo-cinctis.
Peritheciis punctiformibus, immersis, poro pertusis ; sporis ellip-
ticis, continuis, hyalinis (*005 mm. lon^).

On leaves of Buddleia auriculata.

Phyllosticta carissae, Kalch. Sf Che.

Epiphylla. Maculis suborbicularibus, pallide fuscis, brunneo-
cinctis. Peritheciis punctiformibus, papillatis immersis. Sporis
arcte ellipticis, hyalinis (*006 mm. long).

On leaves of Carissa Arduina. No. 1355.

Phyllosticta rhuina, Kalch. & Che.

Epiphylla. Maculis elongatis, fuscis. Peritheciis puncti-
formibus, atro-fuscis, dense congestis. Sporis arete ellipticis,
hyalinis (-005 x '002 mm).

On leaves of Rhus Icevigata. No. 1406.

The perithecia are minute and densely crowded on the irregular
brown spots.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

21

iEcidium withaniae, Tlmmen.

On leaves of Withania somnifera.

JEcidium stobeae, Kalch. # Cke. in Grevillea 70.

Oil leaves of Stobcea.

No. 1138.
Natal, No. 63.
Natal, 114.

JEcidium aroideum, Cke. in Grevillea 71.

On leaves of Stylochiton Natalensis.

JEcidium crypticum, Kalch. <Sc Cke.

Hypophylla. Peridiis paucis (5-6) in circulo gerentibus, inter
tomento nidulantibus. Sporis subglobosis, leevibus, aurantiacis
(•012-'014 mm. diam.).

On leaves of Gerbera. Natal, 66.

JEcidium vignse, Cke. in Grevillea viil, 71.

On leaves of Vigna marginata. Natal, 407.

Uredo macrospermum, Cke. in Grevillea viii, p. 71.

On fronds of ferns. Natal, 61.

Trichobasis zehnerise, Timm.

On leaves of Zehneria scabra.

Uredo clematidis, Berk.
On Clematis brachiata.

1271.
No. 1141.

Coleosporum hedyotidis, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Epiphyllum, sparsum, aurantiacum. Boris elongatis vel confluen-
tibus. Sporis concatenatis, ellipticis, utrinque truncatis (•02-’03 X
*016 mm.) episporio granuloso.

On leaves of Hedyotis Amatymbica. Natal, 60.

Fuccinia helichrysi, Kalch. Sf Cke.

Protosporis. Uredo Lepisclinis, Thum. Teleutosporis lanceo-
latis, uniseptatis, constrictis, atro- fuscis (‘Od-’Obd X ‘Old-’OIS mm.)
episporio laevi. Pedicellis evanidis.

On leaves of Helichrysum petiolatum. No. 35.

Fuccinia ornithogali, Kalch.

Sparsa. Soris ellipticis, tectis, demum elongato-fissuratis, fuscis.
Protosporis ellipticis, laevibus, pallidis (•02-‘022 x ’018 mm.).
Teleutosporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, constrictis, fuscis ; episporio
laevi ; pedicellis sporis aequilongis.

On Ornithogalum. Nos. 1140, 1190.

Fuccinia Africana, Cke. in Grevillea Yiu,p. 74.

On Spilanthes Africana. Natal, 200.

Fuccinia galiorum. Link.

Oli Rubia petiolaris. No. 1151.

Fuccinia printziae, Thum.

On leaves of Printzia Huttoni.

1278.

Uromyces pulvinatum, Kalch j" Cke. ^ » hilvr ^

Epiphyllum. Soris discoideis pulvinatis, sclerotioideis, atrb-
brunneis, compactis. Sporis subglobosis ( 018-‘02 mm.) fuscis,
laevibus.

On leaves of Euphorbia incequilater a. »i/ /; No, 1|247.

The spores spring from a discoid stroma, or cushion, almos^tlas in
Coryneum.

.WmM I

22

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Uxomyces cixcinalis, Kalch. Sc Che. in Grevillea viii, p- 71.

On leaves of some monocotyledon. No. 1417.

Melampsoxa hypexici, Schrot.

On Hypencum cethiopicum. No. 1392.

Ravenelia glabxa, Kalch, <£• Che. in Joum. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1880, in,
p. 384.

Sparsa. Capitulis magnis f*15 mm. diam.) convexis, subses-
silibus, cellulis (*02 mm.) laevibus, laete brunneis.

On leaves of Acacia horrida, No. 1436, and Colpurnia sylvatica.
Fxotomyces physalidis, Kalch. <k Che.

Cellulis in maculis obscurioribus immersis. Sporis globosis,
pallidis, laevibus (*01 -’02 mm. diam.).

On leaves of Phy salis Hornemanni, No. 1121.

Cyst opus quadxatus, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Epiphyllus. Soris albis, minimis, convexis. Sporis quadratis
(‘025 lat., *018 long). Spora ultima subglobosa. Oogoniis, n. v.
On Herpestes verticillaris. No. 1314.

Evidently allied to C. cvbicus, but the discovery of the oogonia
■will doubtless prove it to be distinct.

Hemileia Woodii, Kalch. <L' Che.

Hypopbylla. Pulvinulis parvis, aurantiacis, gregariis; sporangiis
globosis, vel uno latere compressis, asperulis (*03 mm.) longe
stipitatis, cum cystidis hyalinis, triquetris, sterilibus, laevibus, im-
mixtis.

On leaves unknown. Natal, No. 28.

Cexatium sphsexoideum, Kalch. CTce.

Pulvinulis convexis, hemisphericis, carneo-rubris ; sporis glo-
bosis, laevibus (’Ol mm. diam.) cum hyphis continuis, hyalinis im-
mixtis.

On Andropogon marginatum. No. 1284.

Zsaxia coxalloidea, Kalch. d' Che.

Caespitosa, ramulosa, coralloidea, pallida cervina, apice dilata,
penicillata ; filis clavatis ; sporis minutissimis, globosis.

On rotten wood. No. 69.

A very singular species, growing in small fawn-coloured tufts.
Stilbum cinexipes, Kalch. d Che.

Sparsum. Capitulis globosis, cervinis mm. diam.). Sporis
ellipticis, hyalinis, binucleatis (•006--007 X *0035 mm.) stipite
inferne leniter incrassato, sulcato, torto, cinereo (2-3 mm. long).

On bark. No. 214.

Stilbum connatum, Kalch. d Che.

^ C£espito«U]i[n.) ■ i Capitulis subglobosis, flavido-carneis (-J-i mm.

; ^aladn.) ;\\Llippl^;^/ minutis, linearibus (circa -005 mm. long). Stipi-
tibus erectis, in stromate irregulare, concolore connatis.

On wood. No. 196.

POLYCEFHALUM:, Xalch. d Cke.
l^tilboideus terminatus, capitulo composito, gela-
, itiuosb^ihvcilV^nle spora?. Capitulis numerosis, globosis, elongatis —
ve deciduis.

.SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

23

The structure is that of a compound Stilbum, each stem sur-
mounted by a cluster of capituli which terminate short branches,
and are composed entirely of minute gelatinous spores.
Folycephalum aurantiacum, Kalch. & Cke.

Totum aurantiacum. Stipite crasso, cylindrico, superne in
ramulis brevibus diviso. Capitulis ellipticis, deciduis. Sporis
hyalinis (’0025 x '0015 mm.).

On rotten wood. No. 1353.

The ramuli are scarcely more than papillae, each of which bears
a capitulum.

Fusaxium aloes, Kalch ^ Cke.

Sparsum, carneum, gelatinosum. Hyphis brevibus. Sporis fusi-
formibus, continuis, rectis vel lunatis, utrinque acuminatis, hyalinis,
(•04-*05 X •0035-'004 mm.).

On Aloe arhorescens. No. 1473.

Microstxoma quercinum, Niessl.

On oak leaves.

Ramularia richardiee, Kalch.

Effusa, farinosa, albida. Hyphis simplicibus vel furcatis, erectis.
Sporis elongato-ellipticis vel subclavatis, hyalinis ( 05 x '015 mm.).

On leaves of Richardia albomaculata. Nos. 1116, 493.

Ramularia rumicis, Kalch. Sf Cke.

Maculis fuscis, ellipticis, magnis. Hyphis subsimplicibus, erectis,
fasciculatis. Sporis cylindricis, utrinque rotundatus ('022--03 X
•005 mm.).

On leaves of Rumex obtusifohus. No. 1180.

Distinet from Peronospora obliqua, Cke., which is technically
also a Ramularia.

Oidium exysiphoides, Fr.

On leaves of Verbena. No. 493.

IHIystrosporium poly trichum, Cke. in RaveneVs N. Atner. Fungi.
(^Alystrosporium velutinum, K 4' C.)

Atrum, velutinum, effusum. Hyphis fasciculatis, erectis, simpli-
cibus. Sporis clavatis, multicellulosis ('Ol-’Odb X '018 mm.) fuscis.
On aloe. No. 500.

Apparently not distinct from the common North American species.
Mystrosporium aterrimum, B. & C.

On Celastrus buxifolius. No. 1282.

Macrosporium punctatum, Kalch, 8^ Cke.

Effusum, griseum ; csespitulis sparsis, punctiformibus. Hyphis
fasciculatis, erectis, simplicibus. Sporis clavatis, 3-5 septatis,
fuligineis, hinc illic cellula unica longitudinal iter divisa (•035-'06
X •0i-'015 mm.).

On Allium scheenoprasum. No. E. 21.

Epochnium phyllogenum, Kalch 4 Cke.

Effusum, epiphyllum. Hyphis repentibus, hyalinis, ramosis ;
ramulis assurgentibus, rectis ; sporis terminalibus, globoso-ovatis,
cellulosis, fuligineis (’025 x *02 mm.).

On living leaves.

Natal, No. 39.

24

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Menispoxa cylindzica, Kalch. tJb Cke.

. Phyllogena, effusa, atrofusca. Hyphis tenuibus, simplicibus,
erectis, flexuosis, mycelio ramoso fusco assurgentibus. Sporis cylin-
dricis, utrinque obtusis, hyalinis, continuis (-016 x *0025 mm.).

On leaves of Myrsine melanopleos . No. 1352.

Fusicladium fuliginosum, Kalch. d: Cke.

Effusum, fuliginosum, incrustatum. Hypliis repentibus, ramosis.
Ramulis assurgentibus, brevibus, quandoque furcatis. Sporis
fusoideis, continuis, hyalinis (•01-‘012 x *004 mm.).

On living leaves. Natal. No. 9.

Forming large sooty patches on the green, but fading leaves.
Cladospozium laxum, Kalch. 8f Cke.

Phyllogenum, maculaeforme. Caespitulis bruiineis. Hyphis
flexuosis, laxis, repentibus, ramosis, sparse septatis, fuscis.
Sporis cylindrico-fusoidis, 1-3 septatis (•015-'03 x '004 mm.).

On fading leaves of Printzia pyrifoUa. No. 1394.

. Forming little brown tufts on the fading leaves.

Cezcospoza haemanthi, Kalch.

Maculae ellipticae, magnae, pallidae, rubro -marginatae. Caespi-
tulis sparsis. Hypbis fasciculatis, flexuosis, simplicibus, sporis
cylindricis, curvulis vel flexuosis, nucleatis dein 3-5 septatis
(1* X *004 mm.).

On Hcemanthus puniceus. No. 1 020.

Cezcospoza commelynse, Kalch. <L' Cke.

Maculae orbiculares, fuliginosae. Hyphis brevissimis, simplici-
bus, hyalinis. Sporis tenuibus, linearibus, flexuosis indistincte
septatis ('Ob-’O? mm. long).

On living leaves of Commelyna Bengalensis. No. 1346.

Cezcospoza leonitidis, Cke. in Grevillea vili., p. 72.

On leaves of Leonitis ovata. Natal. No. 5.

Cezcospoza delicatissima, Kalch. & Che.

Maculae orbiculares, fuliginosae. Hyphis tenuibus, repentibus,
sub-fasciculatis. Sporis linearibus, rectis vel curvulis, nucleatis
(•065--085 mm.).

On living leaves of Priva dentata. No. 1109.

Cezcospoza cluytiae, Kalch. & Che.

Maculae irregulares, fuscae. Hyphis brevibus, dense fasci-
culatis, hyalinis. Sporis ob-clavatis, curvulis, 3-5 septatis,' apice
acuto (•03-’07 X •0035-*004 mm.).

On fading leaves of Cluytia pulchella. No. 1352.

Exospozium celastzi, Kalch.

Caespitulis sparsis, subcircinatis, atris, erumpens. Hyphis dense
fasciculatis, olivaceo-fuscis. Sporis sublanceolatis (*02--025 x
•005 mm.).

On leaves of Celastrus huxifolius. No. 1396.

Fhysospoza zubiginosa, Fr.

On rubbish, broken twigs, &c. No. 1387.

Probably this species, of which we have seen no authentic
specimen.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNOT.

‘25

Hydrophoza stezcozaxia, Todc.

On dung. Nos, 487, 1299.

Feziza (Mollisia) subgilva, Kalch. <6 Cke.

Sparsa, sessilis, ceraceo-mollis. Cupulis totius subgilvis J-l-^
mm. diam.) concavis; margine rotundato, subtumido ; ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, hyalinis (‘008 X *004 mm.).
Paraphysibus filiformibus.

On rotten wood. R. 22a.

Helotium capensis, Kalch. dc Che.

Sparsum, aurantiacum. Cupulis stipitatis, explanatis (3 mm.
diam.). Stipite deorsum attenuato, pallidiore (2^ mm. long.) in
cupula expanso, ascis clavatis. Sporidiis fusiformibus, curvulis,
5 septatis (‘05 x ‘006 mm.).

On sticks.

Helotium ferzugineum, Fr.

On twigs. Nos. 22, 1126.

Phillipsia kezmesina, Kalch. & Cke.

Sparsa, substipitata, firma. Cupulis (1 cm.), concavis, purpureo-
rubris, extus Ijevi, pallido, deorsurn attenuato; ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis ellipticis, binucleatis, dein spurie uniseptatis (•019-’023
X *011 mm.). Paraphysibus linearibus, multinucleatis.

On chips.

Substance much firmer than in Peziza, not shrinking or collaps-
ing in drying. The genus was established by Rev. M. J. Berkeley
for five or six species formerly included in Pezizia.

Dezmatea pelidna, Kalch. dc Che.

Caespitosa, erumpens. Cupulis concavis, contortis (3 mm.
diam.), subsessilibus, extus rufis, furfuraceis. Disco atro-fuligineo.
Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis linearibus (’004 mm. long).

On decorticated branches. No. 16.

Allied to D. furfuracea and D. fascicularis. Exterior covered
with short granular hairs.

Dezmatea zufa, Che. in Grevillea viii , p. 72.

On bark. Natal, No. 400.

Stictis thelotzemoides, Phil.

Sparsa, immersa, orbicularis mm. diam.). Disco melleo,
excavato. Margine prominente, subintegro, albo. Ascis cylin-
draceis. Sporidiis filiformibus (*15 mm. long). Paraphysibus
filiformibus.

On branches. No. 76.

Stictis bella, Kalch. & Cke.

Immersa, orbicularis ('1 mm. diam.), margine niveo, expanso,
lobato-fissurato ; disco aureo, excavato. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis filiformibus (*3 mm. long). Paraphysibus filiformibus,
subflexuosis.

On branches. No. 1288a.

The cups break through elongated fissures of the bark, and
have somewhat the appearance of miniature daisies. A very
elegant species.

SOUTH AFHICAN FUNGI.

Stictis xadiata, Ft'.

On branches. Nos. 1288, 1040.

Sporidia •18-*2 mm. long.

Fhacidium litigiosum, Besm.

On leaves of Ranunculus pinnatus. No. 1281.

Txiblidium xufulum, Spr.

On branches. No. 1339.

Hypocxea lycogalae, Kalch. d: Cke. in Qrevillea viii., p. 72.

On rotten wood. No. 1357.

Kypoczea sulfurella, Kalch. da Cke.

Discoidea vel confluens, convexa, sulphurea, fusco-punctata.
Ostiolis prominulis, demum atro-fusca. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis articulis globosis, fuligineis (*0055 mm.).

Oil Eucalyptus hs,vk. No. 178.

The dark perithecia are very conspicuous in the pale greenish
yellow stroma.

Hypocrea subcitrina, Kalch. d: Cke.

Discoidea, elliptica vel confluens, tenuis, subapplanata, citrina,
ostiolis vix prominulis, fuscescentibus. Ascis cylindraceis.
8poridiis ariculis globosis hyalinis (*0045 mm.).

On bark. Nos. 184, 202, 205.

Stroma thinner, and sporidia rather larger than in H. citrina, to
which it is allied.

Kypoczea chzysostigma, Kalch. ds Cke.

Discoidea, convexa, aurea fuscescens, intus flava. Peritheciis
fuscis. Ostiolis vix prominulis, punctiformibus, fuscis. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis articulis globosis, fuligineis (’0043 mm.).

On bark. No. 1301.

Kypoczea caznea, Kalch. ds Cke.

Convexa dein appl .nata, elliptica, vel sublobata, carneo-rosea.
Ostiolis vix prominulis, punctiformibus. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis breviter ellipticis, uniseptatis, nec constrictis, hyalinis
(•008 X '006 mm.).

On bark. No. 20.

Sphaezostilbe zosea, Kalch.

Gregaria, rosea. Conidiophoris stipitatis, stilboideis. Capitulis
globosis, turbinatisve mm.). Conidiis ellipticis, hyalinis,
(•005 X *0025 mm.), stipite erecto, rubro (‘2 mm.), ad basin
incrassato, quandoque confluente. Perithecia n.v.

On Acacia horrida. No. 1118.

At present only the Stilbum has been observed, but the habit is
so much that of Sphcerostilbe that it is placed here.

Sphaezostilbe nigzescens, Kalch. dc Cke. in Grevillea ix.,p. 15.

On bark. No. 1039.

Sphaezostilbe hypoczeoides, Kalch. dc Cke.

Pallide rosea, convexa. Peritheciis in stromate hypocreoidei
connatis. Ostiolis papillatis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (•01--012 x ‘007) episporio leniter

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

27

graniilato. Coniophoris clavatis, paucis, stipite brevo. Conidiis
arcte ellipticis (*005 X *002 mm.).

On bark. No. 36.

A remarkable species. The peritliecia are fused into a stroma
as in Hypocrea. The Stilhum grows principally upon the stroma,
and the sporidia are slightly rough.

Kectria maztialis, Kalch. Cke.

Sparsa, coccinea. Peritheciis subglobosis, minute granulatis,
papillatis, demum depressis, dein ciipulaeformibus. Ascis clavatis.
Sporidiis biseriatis, ellipticis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (*015 x *0065
mm.).

On naked wood. No. 1161.

Peritliecia dark blood-red when old. Sporidia apparently con-
stantly biseriate. Distinct from N. sanguinea to which it is allied.
Nectxia leocazpoides, Kalch. (k Cke.

Sparsa vel gregaria. Peritheciis obturbinatis, fragilibus,
nitentibus, aureo-fnlvis. Ostiolo mamillato, castaneo. Ascis
cylindricis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, uniseptatis, constrictis
(•015 X *008 mm.).

On Sarcophyte sanguinea. No. 5.

Perithecia fragile, reminding one of Leocaipus fragilis,
shining, with a dark mamillate ostiolum. The perithecia are
Indian yellow when the light is transmitted through them under a
high power.

Nectxia hetexospexma, Kalch. <£: Cke.

Csespitosa, erumpens, livido-rubra. Peritheciis subglobosis,
demum depressis, Isevibus, in stromate convexo congestis. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, ovatis, ellipticis, lanceolatisve,
uniseptatis, hyalinis (•012-*022 x '009 mm.).

On dead branches. Nos. 1064, 56.

Sporidia singularly variable in length and form in the same peri-
thecium.

Nectxia eximia, L'alch. (k Cke.

Caespitosa, lajte coccinea. Peritheciis obovatis, exiguis, in
stromate convexo congestis; ostiolo prominulo. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis (*015 X *006
mm.).

On bark.

The sporidia are scarce mature, so that the very faint indica-
tions of a septum are too doubtful to be relied upon. The minute
numerous bright coloured peritliecia are distinctive features.

Nectxia fuxfuxacea, Kalch. Che.

Caespitosa, erumpens, carnea. Peritheciis globosis, furfuraceis,
in stromate convexo gerentibus. Ostiolo punctiformi, fusco. Ascis
cylindraceis, sporidiis uniseriatis, arcte ellipticis, utrinque attenu-
atis, demum tenuiter uniseptatis (•015-*018 x '005 mm.).

On bark. No. 186.

Perithecia covered with large mealy granules. Allied to N.
sub quater nata, B., but larger.

28

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Xylaria stilboidea, Kalch. £& Cke.

Parva, stipitata. Capitulum subglobosum, atrum (1-2 mm. diam.)
ostiolis exsertis asperatum. Stipite cylindrico, fusco (1-1^ mm.
long) gracili. Stromate albo. Peritbeciis atris, immersis.
Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, atro-fuscis
(•014-‘015 X ’005 mm.).

On wood. No. 42.

A very minute species, with the habit and appearance of a species
of Stilhum.

Hypoxylon placenta, Kalch.

Corlicola, applanata, atra, erumpens. Stromate discoideo,
margine tenui, sterili, centro ostiolis punctiformibus punctato ;
ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, atro-fuscis ('012
X '006 mm.).

On branches. No. 1304.

Closely allied to H. exutans, Cke., of which it may possibly be
only a variety.

Diatrype caminata, Kalch. de Cke.

Erumpens, suborbicularis, convexa, nigrescens ; ostiolis exsertis,
cylindricis, obtusis, truncatis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis linearibus,
curvulis, hyalinis (-012 x *003 mm.).

On branches. No. 1263.

The specimens were old, and in bad condition. The exserted
ostiola are abruptly truncate. Probably also the specimen (No. 23),
provisionally named Diatrype congesta^ is only the same species
with the ostiola broken off, and all the asci dissolved.

Diatzype capensis, Kalch. d' Cke.

Erumpens, elliptica, atra, convexa. Peritheciis paucis, magnis ;
ostiolis pertusis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis linearibus, curvulis
pallide fuscis (-01 X ’002 mm.).

On branches of Cassinopsis capensis. No. 1264.

On Buhus pinnatus. 1350.

Valsa infinitissima, Kalch. d Cke.

Innata, stromate corticali circumscripto. Peritheciis lagenifor-
mibus ; ostiolis cylindricis, rectis, sub-elongatis, in stromate fusco
exsertis. Ascis clavatis (-025 X 'C05 mm.). Sporidiis sperma-
toideis, curvulis (*004 mm. long).

On branches. No. 1344a.

The asci and sporidia profuse and very minute.

Lasiosphsezia capensis, Kalch. d Cke.

Atro-fusca. Peritheciis globosis, Iceviusculis, pilis elongatis
mollibus, sparsis, tectis, papillatis, demum depressis, e subiculo
strigoso atro-fusco emergentibus. Ascis cylindrico- clavatis. Spo-
ridiis biseriatis, cylindricis, vel elongato-lanceolatis, fuscis, 7
septatis, rectis, vel subflexuosis, leniter constrictis (08 x ’01
mm.).

On bark.

No. 1397.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

29

Cexatostoma cylindrica, Kalch. Cke.

ISparsa. Peritheciis globosis, atris, in cortice immersis. Ostiolo
elongato, cylindrico, tenui, flexuoso ; ore fimbriato, erumpente (2
mm. long). Ascis clavatis ( 018 X *008 mm.). Sporidiis sper-
matoideis, hyalinis, curvulis ('0035-‘004 mm. long).

On branches. No. 22, R.

A sterile brown subiculous mould surrounded the specimen,
but whether related to the Sphceria it is impossible to determine.

Sphaeria Africana, Kalch. ds Cke.

Sparsa, caulicola, erumpens. Peritheciis subglobosis, atris,
nitidis, pertusis, semi-emersis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis
uniseriatis,amygdalaeformibus,atro-fuscis, opacis (•032--022 x *012-
•015 mm.).

On herbaceous stems. Nos. 1399, 1400.

Remarkable on account of the sporidia, which resemble those of
some species of Sordaria, although the perithecia are more like
those of a Pleospora.

Sphaeria intercepta, Kalch. Cke.

Sparsa, cuticula cinerascente tecta. Peritheciis subglobosis ;
ostiolo atro emergente. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, ellip-
ticis, uniseptatis, fortissime constrictis, loculis subglobosis, hyalinis
(*022- 025 X '01^ mm.).

On stems of Senecio longifolius. No. 1398-

Sphaeria metuloidea, Kalch. dc Cke.

Sparsa, epidermide nigrefacto tecta. Peritheciis globoso-de-
pressis, atris. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, lanceolatis, trisep-
latis, nucleatis, hyalinis (*028-*03 X *01 mm.).

On stems of Artemisia. No. 1399a.

The lanceolate sporidia are not at first constricted, and for some
time without septa, with two large central nuclei, and a smaller
one at each end.

Sphaeria cervispora, Kalch. d: Cke.

Sparsa, epidermide elevato demum fissurans. Peritheciis atris,
subglobosis. Ascis saccato-clavatis. Sporidiis fusiformibus,
rectis vel curvulis, 7 septatis, leniter constrictis, flavidis (*05 X *008
mm.).

On stems of Artemisia. No. 1399d.

Two or three distinct species of Sphceria are much intermixed
on the same stems of Artemisia. Their great and manifest
differences prevent any assumption that they are at all related to
each other.

Sphaeria Owaniae, Kalch de Cke.

Sparsa, epidermide elevato demum fissurans. Peritheciis atris,
tectis, hinc illic linea brevi dispositis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
sublanceolatis, rectis, 5 septatis, medio contrictis, parte superiore
latiori breviori, flavidis (•04-*042 x *012 mm.).

On stems of Artemisia.

30

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

The sporidia differ from those of S. cercispora in being straight,
broader, divided by a contriction into two unequal parts, of which
the upper is broader and shorter than the lower, and there are but
five septa.

Sphaeria brachiata, Knlcli. Qhe.

Sparsa, minuta. Peritheciis numerosis, tectis, punctiformibiis,
submembranaceis. Ascis clavatis ; sporidiis biseriatis, lanceolatis,
hyalinis, demum leniter 1-3 septatis ('OIS-’OIS X *004 mm.).

On twigs of Clematis brachiata. 1358.

On stems of Senecio qninquelobus (McOwan):

The septa are so delicate as to be distinguished with difficulty.
The perithecia are minute, resembling some species of Phoma. It
would perhaps have been better included in Sphoerella.

Sphaeria cumana, Sacc. <Ss Speg.y Fungi Italici, No. 327.

On leaves of Carex pendula. No. 1353.

Sphaeria nigro-annulata, Be7'k. Sf Curt.

Sporidiis fuscis, continuis (*018 X *007 mm ).

On leaves of .^4/06 lineata. No. 1312.

Sphaeria caffra, Kalch. d; Cke.

{LeptosphcBria caffra, Tbum. Piggotia filicina, Thum.)

On Marattia salicifolia. No. 655.

Sphaeria (Pleospora) lanceolata Kalch. de Cke.

Sparsa, subtecta. Peritheciis mediis, globosis, papillatis. Ascis
clavatis. Sporidiis lanceolatis, 5-7 septatis, cellulis plurimis
merenchymato-divisis, flavidis (•035--04 x ’01 mm.).

On stems of Artemisia. No. 1399c.

Sporidia much more uniformly lanceolate than usual in Pleo-
spora. One of the central cells often largest and undivided.

Sphaeria (Pleospora) refracta, Kalch. Cke.

Sparsa, subtecta. Peritheciis globosis, vix prominulis, cum
aliis immixtis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, ellipticis, tri-
septatis, cellulo uno alterove longitudinaliter diviso, hyalinis, re-
fractis, dein brunneis (•025-*028 x *015 mm.).

On stems of Artemisia. No. 1399 bis.

Sphaerella myrsines, Kalch. d; Cke.

Hypophylla, sparsa. Peritheciis membranaceis, brunneis, poro
pertusis (-l-’lb mm. diam.), applanatis. Ascis arcte clavatis.
Sporidiis lanceolatis, demum uniseptatis, hyalinis, nec centro con-
strictis ( 014 X *003 mm.).

On fading leaves of Myr sine Africana. No. 1318.

Sphaerella geicola, Kalch. 4- Cke.

Hypophylla. Maculis suborbicularibus, fuscis, purpureo-cinctis.
Peritheciis semi-immersis, numerosis, atro-fuscis. Ascis clavatis.
Sporidiis breviter lanceolatis, binucleatis, dein uniseptatis, hya-
linis, vix constrictis (-016 ‘017 X *0035 mm.).

On leaves of Geuni cajiensis.

No. 1148.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

31

Sphaerella agapanthi, Kalch. ^ Cke.

iVIaculiE raagnse, irregulares, nigrescentes. Peritheciis numero-
sissimis, membranaceis, applanatis, fuscis ; mycelio fusco, radiato,
circumdatis. Ascis obclavatis. Sporidiis ellipticis, utrinque
rotundatis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (•015-*018 x *003 mm.).

On Agapantims. No. 1342.

Sphaerella cassinopsis, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Epiphylla. Maculie pallidae, purpureo -cinctas, orbiculares. Peri-
tlieciis atris, centro gregariis, minimis. Ascis clavatis (-025 X
•005 mm.). Sporidiis linearibus, rectis, hyalinis ('006 mm. long).
On living leaves of Cassinopsis capensis. No. 1341.

The sporidia probably scarce mature, as no septa could be dis-
tinguished.

Venturia cephalariae, Kalch. d: cke.

Phyllogena. Maculas fuscae, orbiculares. Peritheciis globosis,
emergentibus, pilis rigidis, erectis, brevibus, fuscis ornatis. Ascis
aliis cylindraceis, aliis clavatis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, vel biseri-
atis, ellipticis, irregulariter uniseptatis, pallidis (•02--023 X *009-
•01 mm.) Cellula superiore magna, cellula inferiore minuta, api-
culaefornii.

On leaves of Cephalaria attenuata. No. 1338.

Melogramma eucalypti, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Argillacea, elevata. Stromate convexo, irregulari, confluente.
Pseudo-peritheciis in contextu excavatis. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis uniseriatis, ellipticis, medio constrictis, uniseptatis, fuscis
(•015-*018 X •OOfl mm.), cellulis subglobosis.

On bark of Eucalyptus globulus. No. 1179.

Dothidea oleafoliae, Kalch. db Cke

Atra, nitida, subdiscoidea, convexa, 1-3 cellulata, sparso vel gre-
garia. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis 4-8, ellipticis, uniseptatis, con-
strictis, atro-fuscis (’035 X *012 mm.).

On leaves of Olea capensis. No. 7.

Dothidea axduinae, Kalch. Sf Cke.

Epiphylla, atra, nitida, rugosa, obtuse subconica, 2-4 cellulosa,
sparsa. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis ellipticis, medio constrictis,
uniseptatis, fuscis (•028-*03 X *012 mm.). Stylosporis in peri-
theciis minimis ovatis (*006 x *0045 mm.).

On leaves of Carissa arduina. No. 1354.

Upper cell of the sporidia usually larger than the lower.

Dothidea kniphofia, Kalch. ^ Cke.

Maculae nigrafactae, ellipticae. Pseudo-peritheciis gregariius,
convexis, atris, subnitidis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis elongato-
ellipticis, primo nucleatis, continuis hyalinis (•018--02 x *005--006
mm.) .

Oli stems and leaves of Kniphofia aloides. Nos. 1011, 1337 b.

Dothidea xepens, Corda.

On living leaves. Natal.

No. 228.

32

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

Dothidea vorax, B. ^ C., forma minor.

On Oplismenus africanus. No. 1326.

Dothidea circinata, Kalch. Che.

Amphigeiia, inaequalis, minuta, convexa, atra, nitida, circulari-
gregaria. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, inaequaliter uni-
septatis, fuscis (-012 X ’006 min.).

On living leaves of LeguminoscB. No. 49.

Forming orbicular spots on both surfaces, almost with the habit
of a Sphcerella.

Dothidea scabies, Kalch. Gee.

Amphigena. Maculae fuscae, orbiculares. Pseudo-peri theciis
gregariis, convexis, atris, subopacis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, continuis, fuscis (*025 x *01 mm.).

On unknown leaves. Natal. No. 50. Caffraria. No. 48.
Stigmatea sutherlandise, Kalch. de Cke.

Phyllogena, punctiformis, atra, elevata, convexa, nitida, sparsa.
Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis ellipticis, continuis, hyalinis (*01 X ’005
mm.).

On fading leaves of Sutherlandia. No. 1415.

Stigmatea rhynchosiae, Kalch. db Che.

Epiphylla, atra, nitida, convexa, gregaria, in maculis orbicu-
laribus disposita, numerosa, minutissima. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis, binucleatis (*012 x '006 mm.J.

Oli living leaves of Rhyiichosia. No. 55.

Perithecia more numerous, and not one-third the size of those of
Dothidea circinata, K. & C., which it somewhat resembles.
Rhystisma grewiae, Kalch.

Epiphylla, piceo-atra, orbiculares, applanata. Cellulis circum-
datis, convexis, fissurato-dehiscentibus. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
sublanceolatis, hyalinis, continuis, binucleatis (*04 X ’007 mm.).

On living leaves of Grewia occidentalis. JSo. 106.

Astezina capensis, Kalch. dc Cke.

Sparsa. Peritheciis orbicularibus, fuscis (*15 mm. diam.)
mycelio fusco, radiante circumdatis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, uniseptatis, fuscis (*016 x ’006 mm.).

On living leaves of Hippobromus alatus. No. 1328.

The m}'celiuni is furnished with short uniseptate processes on
each side, which are often opposite to each other. A few erect
rigid setae are mixed with the perithecia.

Astezina ezysiphoides, Kalch. d; Cke.

Minima, gregaria. Erysiphis species simulans. Peritheciis
applanatis, discoideis (*06-1 mm. diam), atrofuscis, membranaceis,
radiato-cellulosis : mycelio tenui, ramoso, fusco, circumdatis. Spo-
ridiis ellipticis, continuis, atrofuscis (•018-*02 X ’01 mm.).

On leaves of Jasminum tortuosum. No. 1139.

Astezina ditzicha, Kalch. ds Cke.

Hypophylla, effusa, fuliginea. Mycelio radiante, ramoso, atro-
fusco, processibus papillatis, gangliformibus ornatis. Hyphis ten-
uioribus, ramosis, conidiiferis immixtis. Conidiis fusiformibus

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

33

trispptatis, fuscis (•015--016 X *004 miii.). Perithccia discoidea,
imperfecte evoluta.

On living' leaves of some Celastrus. No. 3.

In the absence of perfect perithecia, it can only be thus provi-
sionally described.

Asterina confluens , Kalch. & Che.

Epiphylla, Crustacea, membranacea. Peritheciis applanatis, dis-
coideis, confluentibus, radiato-cellulosis, hinc illic maculis crustaceis
efformantibus.

On fading leaves of Plectronia ciliata. No. 1331.

There are no definite radiating threads, and no asci or sporidia
have yet been detected, so that this imperfect diagnosis must be
accepted as provisional. The perithecia are one-tenth of a mille-
metre in diameter.

Asterina flmbriata, Kalch. & Cke.

Epiphylla. Peritheciis gregariis, radiato-fibrosis, convexo-
applanatis, atro-fuscis, stellato-fissurato dehiscentibus ; margine
fimbriato (T5 mm. diam.). Ascis saccatis, pyriformibiis.
Sporidiis ellipticis, profunde constrictis, uniseptatis, fuscis (’015 X
*008 mm.).

On living leaves of Sclerochiton Harveyanvm. No. 1290.

The perithecia are collected together in little brown patches.

Asterina reticulata, Kalch. 6c Che.

Phyllogena, effusa, fuliginea. Peritheciis convexo-applanatis,
reticulato-fimbriatis, fuscis (T5 mm. diam.). Mycelio intricato,
ramoso, anastomoso, reticulato, fusco, processibus hamatis bicellu-
latis ornatis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis ellipticis, atro-fuscis,
medio fascia hyalina ornatis (‘OIG-’OIS x '007 mm.).

On living leaves of Olinia cymosa. No. i336.

The dark opaque sporidia, with a transverse hyaline band in the
centre, are peculiar.

Asterina solaris, Kalch. 6c Che.

Amphigena, Crustacea, atra. Peritheciis convexis, centro de-
pressis, atro-fuscis, densissime radiato-strigosis. Ascis ? Sporidiis
ellipticis, 1-2 septatis, fuscis (•02--025 X '008 mm.).

On living leaves of Olea verrucosa. No. 1307.

The parallel simple radiating fibres of the perithecia are often
longitudinally attached in bands. Small obtuse papillse project at
right angles from some of the threads.

Asterina IMTacowaniana, Kalch. 6c Che.

Atra, effusa. Peritheciis gregariis, discoideis, applanatis (*1
mm. diam.), mycelio radiante nidulantibus. Ascis pyriformibus.
Sporidiis ellipticis, uniseptatis, constrictis, fuscis (•02-*022 X *00
mm.).

On leaves of Celastrus buxifolius.

This is apparently Meliola Macowaniana, Thumen, but it is in
no respect a Meliola, from which genus the flattened perithecia are
quite sufficient to separate it.

3

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

o I

Meliola polytricha, Kalch. Che. in GrevUleayui., p. 72.

On living leaves of Osyris compressa. No. 1256.

And Cunonia capensis. No. 1262.

Meliola ganglifera, Kalch.

Hypophylla, maculis fuligineis orbicularibus efformans. Con-
ceptaculis globosis, subverrucosis, atris (•15-*2 mm.). Appen-
diculis erectis, subulatis, simplicibus. Mycelio ramoso, repente,
processibus subglobosis stipitatis, conico-verrucosis, ornato.

On living leaves of Curtisia faginea. No. 1349.

The ganglia-like processes of the mycelium are peculiar. They
are nearly globose, shortly stipitate bodies, clad with obtuse conical
warts. Asci and sporidia not seen,

Meliola inermis, Kalch. Che.

Amphigena, atra. Peritheciis globosis, hinc illic congestis (‘2-
•25 mm. diam.), mycelio ramoso, fusco, nidulantibus. Appendiculis
nullis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis 2, ellipticis, quadriseptatis, con-
strictis, fuscis (*055 X *015 mm.).

On living leaves of Buddleia auriculata. No. 1251.

This does not accord with Meliola quinquespora, Thumen, for it
is not five spored ; nor with Meliola quinqueseptata^ Rehm. ; for
the sporidia are not five septate ; and yet specimens from both
authors under these names are the same thing. There is
clearly an error somewhere, which we leave to those mycologists to
correct.

DR. A. MINKS ON THE MICROGONIDIA OF LICHENS.

Dr. Minks has communicated to the “ Revue Mycologique ” a
summary in the French language of the leading points in his new
theory of the physiology and morphology of lichens. He is
persuaded that a great number of students are ignorant of his
researches because they are not familiar with the language in which
they are written. In addition to this cause he thinks that many
hold it to be dangerous to differ in opinion with certain eminent
men who have accepted the earlier scientific views as finally and
definitively settled. He regards the train of argument adopted to
establish the Schwendenarian doctrine as humiliating to modern
physiology as it is altogether based on false premises, and appeals
to his recently published work and his article in the “ Flora ” of
1878, and to the plates given them to establish beyond doubt the
correctness of his new views. Space prevents our giving more than
a brief epitome of his communication, for further information the
reader must consult his recently published book “ Das Microgoni-
dium.”*

* Das Microgonidium. Ein Beitrag ziu* Keuntniss des wahren der
Flechten, von Dr. Arthur Minks. Bale, 1879.

DR. MINKS ON THE MICROGONIDIA OF LICHENS.

35

The presence of gonidia excludes the idea of lichens living as
parasites on other plants or on bodies in a state of decomposition.
They owe this to the chlorophyl they contain, which gives to the
gonidia their colour. The granular contents of the gonidia consist
principally of corpuscles which are the microgonidia and must be
placed in a higher rank than the chlorophyl substance itself.
These microgonidia are capable of arranging themselves in beauti-
ful harmony contributing to the formation and increase of the
gonidial cell without losing their independence, and playing a part
which controls the whole development of the reproductive and
vegetative life to the final end — the production of asci. The
microgonidia maintained a globose form, slightly flattened, some-
what like a convex lens, having in its centre a transparent and
highly refractive nucleus, surrounded by a green zone, enveloped
by a rather thin, white, protoplasmic layer, which is not always
visible. In harmonious conformity to this structure all the ceils
of the lichen body, even to the completion of its life — the asci —
are more or less confined, maintaining this form even during all the
phases of development and growth, during which the microgonidia
enormously increase. There are two modes of increase — by
division and by progemmation, the first altogether resembling cell-
division. This proves that the microgonidia are protoplasmic
bodies to which the existence of a membrane, at least in the most
abstract condition, cannot at present be proved. The connection
of the microgonidia with their cells is visible principally by the
uniformity with which the simultaneous division of the cell itself
and its microgonidia takes place.

It is necessary to state that the intensity of the green of all the
living gonidia certainly depends on the microgonidial cells alone,
but essentially on the quantity and arrangement of these cor-
puscles. It is possible that the microscopic image of the veritable
gonidia presents itself as absolutely colourless, as do some “ metro-
gonidia” (“ heterocyots ” “ Greuzzellen ”) of the Collemacece, be-
cause the distance of the conglomerated microgonidia appears much
more considerable all round the cell membrane owing to the re-
fraction of the colourless parts predominating. For this reason
also the microgonidia distributed in the hyphse have remained up to
the present invisible, their cells always appearing destitute of green
colour. But the impossibility of recognising this is accounted for
by employing insufficient objectives to the microscope. The powers
necessary to be used have already been named in the “ Revue.”
Anyone having access to my work will, I am sure, by the aid of my
figures find proof of the existence and activity of the microgonidia
throughout all the process of vegetation and reproduction ; and
he will readily perceive that these corpuscles are in fact the thread
of Ariadne which ought to guide him through the labyrinth of the
anatomy and morphology of lichens.

The liomogeneousness of the hyphae of lichens and fungi has no

36

DR. MINKS ON THE MICROGONIDIA OF LICHENS.

existence, for the hyptra cell of the lichen, as the gonidial cell
together with each cell of the lichen, is capable of pysiological
activity, such as appertains to all vegetable cells that contain
chlorophyl ; and as regards systematic botany the presence of
gonidia appears to be the criterion between these two great vege-
table kingdoms, for the microgonidia are characteristic of lichen
ccdls only.

The greater part of lichens, if not all, do not grow by a simple
increase of the cells of the two systems of tissue ; the development
of the gonidial tissue results from the hyphge tissue and never the
reverse. The series of microgonidia running through the axis of
the hypha threads and filling up by conglomeration the gonidial
cells is in fact a series of gonidia in the embryonic stage. The
moment the microgonidia secrete a membrane they become true
gonidia, which commence, either in the mother cell or after its
breaking up, to take on the known form, producing at the same
time new microgonidia. There is no doubt that the development
of the gonidia issuing from the hyphaB cells or from the gonidial
cells does not take place without order in lichens, but either one
predominates or the other, according to certain fixed rules for
certain ends.

It is evident that the gonidia cannot augment exclusively by
division or progemmation as do the hyphse, there must be some
other source, to the present invisible, whence issues the hyphoidal
tissue. The new tissue, the hypheme, is, I believe, the most deli-
cate in nature, and as far as is known, the lenticular cells of this
tissue are excessively minute, and their mutual connexion exists
only at a single point. The study of the hyphhie^ the existence of
which is already difficult to establish, presents inexpressible
difficulties.

The absolute necessity of the hypheme is manifest in certain
phenomina of growth, especially in the work of reproduction.
Primarily the hypheme accompanies or pursues each reproductive
extension of the Mallus which in the same lichen may partake of
many types, and exhibit itself in the greater part of lichens in
enormous quantities. In each case of reproduction it establishes
an initial point due to an elementary organ, arising it may be from
the gonohypheme, or the gonideme, or the hypheme, throwing out,
nevertheless, only the basis of the gonideme, with which is asso-
ciated the maternal hypheme to be completed by the germ of the
hyphoidal tissue, the reproductive lichen organ.

This co-operation on the part of the hypheme is an evident fact
amongst some blastemes, but especially amongst the hormospores
discovered by me, and principally amongst the mecaspores, which
uniquely, by means of a hypematic capsule, become capable of re-
producing a lichen. Unfortunately I have not been able to do
more than roughly sketch the activity of the hypheme in my draw-
ings for a magnifying poTver of 2,000 diameters would be necessary
for the purpose of properly drawing it.

DR. MINKS ON THE MICROGONIDIA OF LICHENS.

37

The raecaspore of the lichen is without doubt a gonidial organ
proceeding from the gonohypheme which can be seen at a glance
from my drawings, and especially in the fresh living spores of
Septogium, which resemble, to describe them briefly, a little
colony of Nostoc. Besides, it may be seen that the mecaspore is
only the product of free intercellular formation ; for the micro-
gonidia contained in all the cells of the fructifying parts are equally
here in morpheological activity, from the commencement to the
end. These phenomena sufficiently prove that the meci and
paraphyses bear to each other the relation of fertile to sterile
hyphse.

It is almost impossible, without the aid of figures (which are not
given in the Revue ), to convey an adequate notion of Dr. Minks’s
theories, and we much doubt whether we have caught the exact
meaning of the author, owing in some measure to the fact that he
is not writing in his native language, but more especially on
account of his views being quite novel, and subversive of our
preconceived notions of the morphology and physiology of lichens.

(Translated and abstracted by W. Phillips, F.L.S., from Revue Mycolo-
giquej.

PREPARATION OF GREEN ALG^.

By Prof. 0. Nordstedt.*

Last summer I collected at Jdnkoping the rare and in many
respects interesting alga ( Sphceroplcea annulina). This alga has
the chlorophyl in the sterile cellules arranged in transversal bands
or rings. As I tried to dry them, I found that the rings were
destroyed by getting dry. I repeatedly tried to get good micro-
scopical preparations by using liquor Hantzschise” as well as
acetate of potassium, but when without success I applied warmth. I
put a small bottle containing the alga in water on a black object, and
exposed it to strong sunlight for a couple of hours. When the
alga afterwards was dried, the rings proved to be pretty well pre-
served ; when afterwards heated by a spirit lamp, the thermometer
indicated that the rings when boiled —

minute at 35-40° Cels. |

When boiled 5-10 minutes at 45°")
Cels. minute at 50°-98° ,, |

Did not keep, or were very
ill-preserved.

The rings kept very well.

10 minutes at 60° Cels.
2 minutes at 98°f ,,

The rings were separated from
(• the membrane and placed in
j the centre alongside the cellule.

* Translated from ‘‘ Botanische Notisei',” by Dr. S. Berggren.
t To more than 98° Cels. I could not manage the thermometer to rise.

38

PRErARATION OF GREEN ALGAi.

It appears to be most convenient for the purpose to use 40°-
50° Cels, during about two minutes.

In the Spirogyra the chlorophyl bands, when the plant is
boiled, also keep tolerably well. I therefore often have applied
heat in preparing them. The different species seem to require
different degrees of heat.

ADDITIONAL BRITISH DESMIDS.

By M. C. Cooke.

Since the notice of “ British Desmids ” in our last, we have had
the opportunity of consulting a collection of an extensive character,
made over a period of many years, by Mr. A. W. Wills, of Wylde
Green, and found amongst them the following species, which had
only been previously recorded in Ireland : —

Tetxachastrum mucronatum, Dixon.

In all intermediate stages between the typical form and Tetra-
chastrum oscitans, R.

From N. Wales.

Micrasterias angulosa, Hantsch.

In Sutton Park, near Birmingham.

Cosmarium pseudopyxamidatum, Lund.

North Wales.

Cosmarium speciosum, Lund,

Dunkeld.

Two or three other species of Cosmarium not yet determined.

Staurastrum cerastes, Lund.

Barmouth.

Docidium nodosum, Bailey.

Found at Barmouth, August, 1867.

Closterium directum, Archer.

Sutton Park, near Birmingham.

Closterium Fritchardianum, ArcJcer.

Barmouth, N. Wales.

Closterium gracile, Breb.

Barmouth, N. Wales.

Closterium cynthia, De Not.

Sutton Park, near Birmingham.

Apparently this species, with a striated membrane, although not
so robust as the figure by De Notaris.

ADDITIONAL BRITISH DESMIDS.

39

Fenium Nageli, Breh.

Sutton Park, near Birmingham.

Spondylosium pulchellum, Archer,

N. Wales.

Spondylosium pygmaeum, (Rahh.) Glee.

Barmouth, N. Wales.

This is decidedly a Spondylosium, with a hyaline sheath, but it
is as equally certain that the Cosmarium tinctum, flalfs., which is
called a Spondylosium by Rabenhorst, and other Continental
authors, is not a Spheerozosma or Spondylosium, but a good Cos-
marium. And we very much doubt if Cosmarium pygmaeum. Archer,
is any other than a Cosmarium, although called Spheerozosma by
Rabenhorst. Mr. Archer is too critical and experienced an
observer to have made such a mistake. This Desmid, however,
may throw some light upon the subject. It has probably been
confounded with the true Cosmarium pygmcmim, Ar., from which,
notwithstanding its uniform size and appearance, we are disposed
to regard it as distinct. At any rate, without stronger evidence
than we yet possess, we cannot exclude the Cosmarium from our
list. The present Spondylosium even when divided up into the
Cosmarium form, still retains evidence of the hyaline sheath. Faint
radiating lines, which are liable to be mistaken for cilia may,
almost invariably, be observed, and these are evidently the margins
or thickenings in the sheath. This may be verified by the intro-
duction of aniline solution, or some coloured fluid.

Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. — The Sixth Annual Con-
ference will be held in Glasgow, on September 27th-30th, and
October 1st and 2nd, 1880, when all persons interested in Crypto-
gamic Botany are invited to attend.

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Braithwaite, Dr. R. British Moss Flora. Parts 1-2.

Thumen, F. Fungi aliquot novi in terra Kirghisorum a Juliana
Schell lecti, in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1880.

Jatta, a. Lichenum Italias meridionalis, manipulus tertius, in
“ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1880.

Just, Dr. Botanischer Jahresbericht (for 1878), Vol. vi., part 1.

Thuemen, F. Contributiones ad Floram Mycologicam Lusi-
tanicam. Pt. 2. (Reprint).

Peck, C. H. Thirty-first Annual Report of the N. Y. State
Museum of Nat. History.

White, T. C. On the Resting Spores of Protococcus pluvialis,
in “ Journ. Quekelt Micro. Club,” May, 1880.

40

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Mueller, Baron F. Index perfectus ad Car. Linnasi Species
riantaiTim. 1st ed., 1753. Melbourne.

Uhlworm, Dr. O. Botanisches Centralblatt, Nos. 12 to 25.

Crisp, F. Cryptogamic Bibliography, in “ Journal of Royal
Microscopical Society,” June, Aug., 1880.

Winter, Dr. G. Ueber einege Uredineen und Ustilagineen, in
“ Hedwigia,” No. 7, 1880.

Mueller, Dr. J. Licbenologiscbe Beitrage, in “ Flora,” June,
11 and 21, 1880.

Groves, H. & J. Review of British Characese, in “ Journ.
Bot.,” June,

Venturi. Notes Critiques sur le genre Orthotrichum, in
“ Revue Bryologique,” No. 4, 1880.

WoLLE, F. Notes on Fresh-water Algag, in ‘‘American
Monthly Microscopical Journal,” May, July, 1880.

Roumeguere, C. Sur un Nouvel habitat d’un Lichen rare dans
Ics Pyrenees-orientales.

Brunard, P. Tableau dichotomique des families des Pyreno-
mycetes, in “Revue Mycologique,” p. 129.

Brisson de Lenharree, T. P. Observationes Lichenologiques,
in “ Revue Mycologique,” p. 141.

Fries, Th. M. Les Lichens des regions arctiques, in “ Revue
Mycologique,” p. 145.

Roumeguere, C. Fungi in Australije et Asige a Jul. Remy
collecti, “ Revue Mycologique,” p. 152.

Baglietto e Carestia. Anacrisi dei Licheni della Valsesie,
in “ Atti della Soc. Critt. Ital.,” Vol. ii., pt. 2.

Cooke, M. C. The Genus Ravenelia, in “ Journ. Roy. Micro.
Soc.,” June, 1880.

Grunow, a. On some new species of Nitzschia, in “ Journ.
Roy. Micr. Soc.,” June, 1880.

Warming, E. Symbola ad floram Brasilise centralis ; Fungi
(Berkeley), in ‘‘ Naturist. Foren. Vidensk Meddelelser,” 1879-80. '

Thuemen, F. Mycotheca universalis. Cent. xvii.

Cooke, M. C. Report on the Salmon Disease ( Sayrolegnia )
in “ Reports of Fisheries Commissioners of Great Britain.”

ViZE, J. E. Micro-Fungi Britannici Exsicc., fasc. iii.

Fries, E. leones Selectse Hymenomycetum, Vol. ii., part 5.

Van Heurck, Dr. H. Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique.
Part 1.

Bainier, G. Sterigmatocystis et Nematogonum, in “ Bull, de
la Soc. Bot. de France,” No. 1, 1880.

Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Ausfliige in Tirol, xxi.
(Reprint.)

No. 50.]

[December, 1880.

A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

ANIMAL NATURE ” OF MYXOMYCETES.

In a work recently published on the Infusoria, by Mr. Saville
Kent, the exploded doctrine of the animal nature of Myxomycetes
is revived in the following words — “ Formerly, and by some even
yet regarded as a low order of fungi, or as a special group of
organisms intermediate between animals and plants, which exhibit
at one epoch of their life all the vital characteristics of the former,
and at another those of the latter kingdom, their admission into
the Protozoic galaxy or system will no doubt encounter objection.
The evidence most recently and independently eliminated by L.
Cienkowski and Dr. A. de Bary concerning the structure and life
history of this most remarkable group, establishes, however,
beyond question their purely animal nature.” After recapitulat-
ing, in a summary compiled from De Bary's work, the phases of
the life history oii\iQ Myxomycetes, the author proceeds to identify
them with the sponges. “ In both the formation of the gigantic
compound plasmodium, and in the development therefrom of the
characteristic sporangia, these Myxomycetes exhibit certain phe-
nomena singularly suggestive of a more or less remote affinity with
the sponges. In these latter also the initial term takes the form
of spore-developed uniflagellate monads, which uniting in social
colonics, form a gelatinous mass, corresponding closely with the
plasmodial element of the former group. In the fine horny net-
work, usually contained with the spores within the sporangium
developed by the mature plasmodium, a substance is produced
singularly resembling the fine horn-like elements or keratose fibre
of certain sponges, while, what is still more remarkable, in certain
forms spicule-like bodies, composed of carbonate of lime, are also
developed within the substance of the walls of the sporangium, or
so called ‘peridium,’ that accord substantially in outline with the
stellate siliceous spicula of the Tethyidce, and other familiar sponge
groups. In illustration of the apparent close approximation of the
Mycetozoa to the spongida and other flagellate Protozoa, as here
presumed, the lower half of Plate xi. of this volume, with its
accompanying descriptions, has been devoted to a reproduction of
some of the more characteristic figures given by De Bary and

4

42

ANIMAL NATURE

OF MYXOMYCETES.

n

Cienkowski in the works quoted, that would appear to substantially
support tbe author’s views.”

Competent, as Mr. Kent has shown himself to be, to deal with
the Infusoria, it is much to be regretted that he should have gone
out of the way to meddle with a subject which it requires only a
perusal of what he has written to discover that he does not under-
stand. It is quite unnecessary to do more than utter a protest
against the assumptions of this author, inasmuch as mycologists
will accept his opinions for what they are worth. Those who 'are
7/0^ mycologists might perhaps be induced to accept what has been
written as acknowledged science, instead of exploded theory, but
for some such protest.

It is quite true that De Bary wrote a book twenty years ago, in
a hurry, and repented at leisure. He then believed in the animal
nature of the Myxomycetes, or he thought that he did, which
amounts to the same thing. In like manner he at first propounded
the basis of the Swendenerian theory of Lichens, and then said no
more about it. So also he opposed the discovery of the oogonia of
the Peronospora, and believed them to be something else, as long
as he could. Probably he now adheres to none of these three
failures, because he has discovered at leisure that they are all
fallacies. It is certain that he no longer holds the opinion that the
Myxomycetes belong to the animal kingdom, but holds and teaches
that they are veritable plants. Des[)ite of this, the theory pro-
pounded twenty years ago, and since rejected by its author, Mr.
Kent, says, “ The evidence most recently and independently
eliminated by L. Cienkowski and Dr. de Bary concerning the
structure and life history of this most remarkable group, establishes,
however, beyond question, their purely animal nature f

The italics are ours. Tlie assumption we deny. The animal
nature of the Myxomycetes rests on similar and no better evidence
than the animal nature of the zoospores, so common in alga?, or
the animal nature of diatoms, and, therefore, beyond question ”
has no place in the sentence. When those who are best acquainted
with the Myxomycetes, such as the mycologists who have made
them a special study, accept them as “ beyond question of a purely
animal nature,” it will be time enough for those who are not prac-
tically acquainted with these organisms, to assume such a dictum
as “ beyond question.” To assert, in the face of all the best
authorities in mycology, that “ the animal nature of Myxomycetes
is “ beyond question,” is an assumption of superior intelligence of
which no author of good taste would be guilty.

Without waiting to enquire what this writer knows of the im-
l)ortant Polish and Russian works on the Myxomycetes, which have
appeared during the past twenty years, since they do not support
his views, we would note the concluding paragraph of our extract
from his work. It is clear from this that he has based his theory
upon the figures which he has observed in illustrated books. Had
he practically examined the organisms themselves he would have

^‘animal nature” of myxomycetes. 43

made his own drawings of such simple structures, and not accepted
them at second hand. Then, he would have learnt how deceptive
mere /brm can be, and that the “ fine horny net work, usually con-
tained with the sjDores within the sporangium,” and also the
“ spicule-like bodies composed of carbonate of lime developed
within the substance of the walls of the sporangium ” are not so
very much like the keratose fibre, and spicules of sponges after all.
The late Dr. Bowerbank knew something of fungi, and Mr. H. J.
Carter has examined Myxomycetes closely, and for this reason,
although both are acknowledged as supreme authorities on sponges,
they never recognised the close affinities between sponges and
Myxogasters.

If we would seek the reason why this effort has been made to
squeeze the Myxomycetes into the animal kingdom by stealth, it
may be found illustrated by the following definition — “ The broad
distinction insisted upon as subsisting between unicellular plants
and animals is the capacity of animal organizations to incept and
digest food-matter in its solid form, and the corresponding absence
of such an inceptive faculty in all vegetable organisms.” Taking
this as an absolute distinction between animals and plants, the
Myxomycetes are declared to be “ undoubted animals,” because they
do not “ undoubtedly ” incept and digest food-matter in its solid
state.

Logic is again defied when animals of a very simple organiza-
tion are admitted to a place in the scheme, although they do not
“ incept and digest food-matter in its solid form,” but, on the con-
trary, “ derive their nutriment by absorption from the fluid which
they inhabit.” It is not, however, our intention to fight with these
shadows of reasons for regarding the Myxogasters as animals. Our
author has declared their “ undoubted animal nature.” To this we
join issue, and declare our belief in their truly vegetable nature.
The onus rests with him to substantiate his position, and produce
his evidence, but it must be something more than the mere citation
of De Bary and Cienkowski.

GEASTER COLIFORMIS IN NORFOLK.

I was much pleased to receive from my friend. Dr. J. D.
Alexander, of Grimston, on Saturday last, September 25th, 1880,
four fresh specimens of this rare Geaster, which, as far as I can
make out, has not been found in Britain since the first decade of
the present century. The specimens grew on a hedge bank in the
village of Hillington, Norfolk. The largest of them measures six
inches across the widest part of the outer coat or peridium, which
is divided into ten unequal rays ; the inner peridium is no less than
two inches in diameter, and has the beautiful silver-grey lustre
mentioned by the older botanists, since whose time the fungus has
hardly, if at all, been gathered in this country. In the specimen

44

GEASTER COLIFORMIS IN NORFOLK.

before me, as I write, the inner coat or peridium shines as if it
were covered by a very tliin coating of silver leaf, totally unlike
any other Geaster. It has no less than 40 distinct openings
upon it. Another character, not noticed in the text-book, is that
the inner peridium is minutely tuberculated. Neither of these
points struck me when I examined the specimen in the British
Museum herbarium some years ago ; but they are both observable
on careful observation in a specimen my friend. Prof. C. A. J. A.
Oudemans, of Amsterdam, sent me from Haarlem, gathered by
him in January, 1877.

As showing the rarity of this species generally, it is worthy of
note that Persoon, when he wrote the Synopsis in 1801, had seen
no specimen, neither had Fries, when he wrote the Systema, in
1829. In this country it has been found (1) by Doody, “ in the
lane from Crayford to Bexley Common” (Ray, Synop., ed. iii.,
p. 27, 1724); (2), by Mr. Merrett, at Hampton Court; (3), on
sandy banks at Mettingham, Suffolk, and at (Jillingham and Ears-
ham, Norfolk, by Messrs. Stone and Woodward (Linnean Trans.,
vol. ii., p. 59) ; (4), at Hanley Castle, Worcestershire, by Messrs.
Ballard and Rufford (Withering, ed. ii,, vol. iv., p. 460, 1792 ;
Purton, Midland Flora, vol. ii., p. 702 ; No. 1075, 1817). On
the Continent it has been found at Haarlem and near Darmstadt
(Fuckel, Symb. Myc., p. 37). The figure given (in vol. ii., plate
XV.) by Mr. Worthington G. Smith, after Sowerby, t. 313,
conveys a very accurate idea of the general appearance and habit
of this fine Geaster. — Charles B. Plowright, in “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” Oct. 2, 1880.

Geaster coliforinis. — I have read Mr. Plowright’s communica-
tion, at p. 439, as to Geaster coliforinis, in which he suggests that
the plant has not been found in England since 1810. 1 am not

aware of any published notice of it, but knowing that my friend,
Mr. G. B. Wollaston, had found it long since that time, I made
enquiry of him. He tells me he found it in 1830, at Westwood,
near Southfleet, in Kent, and again between 1836 and 1840 at
Bridgen, near Bexley, in Kent ; also that in 1840 he saw a
specimen found by a lady at East Wickham, near Plumstead, in
Kent ; and he adds, “ I have since foutid it recently, but when and
where I do not recollect.” I have thought that these facts might
be of interest to your mycological readers. — Fredk. Cdrrey,
“ Gardeners’ Chronicle,” Oct. 16, 1880, p. 506.

BRITISH SPECIES OF SPIRULINA.

Some difficulty having arisen through lack of figures of Spinilina
whereby one species has been confounded with another, we have
given the figures of three species on Plate 139. Of these fig. 1
represents Spirulina tenuissima, Kutz, found in brackish ditches at
Northfleet, Kent, of which the portion marked b is still more

BRITISH SPECIES OF SPIRULINA.

45

highly magnified than our usual scale of 420 diameters. Fig. 2 is
Spiridina Jenneri, Hass., found in several localities during the
past year, with the articulations quite distinct, as shown also on an
enlarged scale, at b. And fig. 3 is Spirulina oscillarioides , Turp.,
drawn from Rabenhorst’s Alg£e, No. 1015, which name inadver-
tently has been applied to Spirulina Jenneri^ a much nobler species.
All these figures are drawn to the same scale, as near as their
minute diameter would permit. The other figures on the same
plate represent some species of Staurastrum found by Mr. Wills in
North Wales, of which tvTO additional plates are prepared for a
succeeding number.

PI. 139, Fig. 1 Spirulina tenuissima, Kutz.

,, 2 Spirulina Jenneri, Ilass.

„ 3 Spirulina oscillaiioides, Turp.

„ 4 Staurastrum grande, Lund.

,, 5 Staurastrum sebaldi, var.

„ 6 Staurastrum anatinum, n.s.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

{Continued from p. 34).

The following is a description of the four plates which accom-
pany the text from pages 17 to 34. The plates are numbered
from 135 to 138. The majority of the figures are drawn to the
same scale as previous plates in this Journal, about 420 diameters,
and also to the same uniform scale of the figures in “ Mycographia.”

DESCRIPTION OP PLATES.

PI. 135, f. 1. — Tremella micropera, K. & C. a, nat. size ; b, enlarged ; c,
basidium; d, spores X 450.

,, 2. — Protostegia Lucleoe, K. & C. a, nat. size ; b, c, enlarged

receptacles ; d, section, enlarged ; e, spores X 450.

„ 3. — Oncospora viridans, K. & C. a, nat. size ; 5, a cluster en-

larged ; c, section ; d, spores X 450.

„ 4. — Uncospoia huUata, K. & C. Spores X 450.

„ 5. — Fuccinia helicfirysi, K. & C. Spores of both kinds X 450.

„ 6. — Fuccinia ornitiiogali, K. & C. Spores of both kinds X 450.

,, 7. — Fuccinia Africana, K. & C. Spores X 450.

„ 8. — Hemileia Woodii, K. & C. a, cluster of fruit X 450 ;

h, isolated sporangia j c, barren cysts X 450.

„ 9. — Isaria coralloidea, K. & C. a, portion of tuft X 70 ; 6, tip

of branch X 450.

„ 10. — Foly Cephalum aurantiacum, K. & C. a, nat. size ; b,

individual X 450 ; c, spores X 500.

PI. 136, f. 11. — Famularia Richardice, K. & C. Spores X 450.

„ 12. — Ramularia rumicis, K. & C. Threads and spores X 450.

„ 13. — Epochnium phyllogenum, K, & C. Portion of hyphae with

spores X 450.

46

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

PI. 136, f. 14 — Menispora cylindrica , K. & C. Hyphae, and spores X 450.

,, i5. — Fusicladium Julicjinosum, K. & C. Hypha, and spores X 450.

„ 16. — Cercospora hcemanthi, K. & C. Spores X 450.

„ 17. — Cercospora comaielyncB, K. & C. Spores X 450.

„ 18. — Exosporiwn celastri, K. & C. Portion of tuft with spores

X 450.

„ 19. — Helotium capensis, K. & C. Cup, nat. size; a, asci and

spores X 450.

„ 20. — Dermatea rufa, K. & C. Section of cup enlarged, with

spores X 450.

„ 21. — Phillipsia hermesina, K. & 0. (Helotium purpuratum, K.)

5, section of cup nat. size ; a, asci and sporidia X 450.

„ 22. — Stictis bella, K. & C. Cups enlarged.

„ 23. — Sphcerostilhe rosea, K. Cluster enlarged, with conidia X 450.

„ 24. — Sphccrostilbe nigrescens, K. & C. Cluster enlarged ; a,

conidia X 450 ; h, sporidia X 450.

„ 25. — Sphcerostilhe hypoo7'eoides, K. & C. Stroma, with section,

enlarged ; sporidia X 450.

PI. 137, f. 26. — Xylaria stilboidea, K. & C. a, nat. size ; h, enlarged ; c,
sporidia X 450.

„ 27. — Lasiosphcsria capensis, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 28. — Ceratostoma cylindrica, K. & C. Ostiola enlarged, with

asci, and sporidia X 450.

„ 29. — Sphceria Africana, K. & C. Perithecium enlarged; asci

and sporidia X 450.

„ 30. — Bphceria intercepta, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 31. — Sphceria meiuloidea, K, & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 32. — Sphceria cercispora, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 33. — Sphceria Owanioe, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 34. — rleospora lanceolata, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

,, 35. — Pleospora refracta, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 36. — Venturia cephalarice, K. & C. Asci and sporidia X 450.

„ 37. — Dothidea oleafolice, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

,, 38. — Dothidea arduince, K. & C. Sporidia X 450.

,, 39. — Dothidea scabies, K. & C. Asci and sporidia X 450.

PI. 137, f. 40. — Bhytisma grew ice, K & C. Sporidia X 450.

„ 41 — Asterina capensis, K. & C. Asci and sporidia X 450.

„ 42. — Asterina erysiphoidea, K. & C. Perithecium with sporidia

X 450.

„ 43. — Asterina ditricha, K. & C. Hyphae and conidia X 450.

,, 44. — Asterina Macowaniana, K. & C. Asci and sporidia X 450.

„ 45. — Asterina confluens, K. & C. Perithecia X 450.

PI. 138, f. 46. — Asterina fimbriata, K. & C. Perithecium magnified ; b
sporidia X 450.

„ 47. — Asterina reticulata, K. & C. Perithecium magnified; b, por-

tion of mycelium ; c, sporidia X 450.

„ 48. — Asterina solaris, K. & C. Perithecium enlarged ; a, hyphae,

X 450.

„ 49. — Meliola ganglifera, K. & C. Portion of mycelium X 450 ;

b, further magnified.

„ 50. — 3Jeliola pohjtricha, K. & C. a, hyphae and conidia X 450;

h, perithecium enlarged.

„ 51. — 3Jeliola inermis, K. & C. a, portion of mycelium X 450;

, b, asci and sporidia X 450.

GREVILLEA

PL. 135.

SOUTH AFRiCA^4 FUNGJ,

grevillea

PL. 136.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

GREViLLEA

PL. 137.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

SOUTH AFRICAN FUNGI.

QREVILLEA

SPIRULINA cund Staurastrurrh.

47

ON SPORE DIFFUSION IN THE LARGER
ELVELLACEL*

By Chas. B. Plowright.

We have all frequently observed the clouds of sporidia, resem-
bling puffs of smoke, which take place from the hymenia of the
larger Pezizcs in a ripe condition. These jet-like expulsions of
sporidia are apt to convey a very incorrect notion of the manner in
which the fruit of this group of fungi is disseminated under ordi-
nary circumstances. The jet-like clouds of smoke are the result
of the rupture of a number of asci simultaneously. They occur
only when the Peziza has attained full maturity, the asci being, so
to speak, in a state of tension from their contents having attained
the maximum amount of development. Under such circum-
stances the giving way and consequent emptying of one ascus dis-
turbs the equilibrium of those in immediate contact with it, and
as they are lully matured, the slight concussion thus produced is a
sufficient exciting cause, to render manifest the latent elasticity of
their walls ; the measure of which elasticity being determined by
the distance to which the cloud is expelled.

On the 29th May, 1879, I gathered about one hundred speci-
mens of Morchdla gigas^ Pers., and laid them out separately upon
boards in my study. In the evening, as the rays of the setting
sun fell obliquely upon them, I observed that all the older speci-
mens were quietly and continuously diffusing their sporidia. Each
sporidium was distinctly visible to the naked eye, floating in the
air, twisting and turning in the sunlight. The head of each of the
morells in question was surrounded by a cloud of sporidia extend-
ing three or four inches above and around it. This cloud could
only be seen in the oblique light against a dark background.
When acted upon by a gentle current of air, such as would be
produced by gently waving the hand, it swayed to and fro, without
manifesting any tendency to become dispersed. The component
sporidia were in constant motion, rising and falling, atid circling
about, as if the law of gravity was a myth existing only in the
imagination of philosophers, W hen the cloud was blown quite
away by a more powerful air-current, it in the course of a few seconds
reformed. The contents of each ascus could be seen to be sepa-
rately ejected in a minute jet, consisting of a limited number of
sporidia, which speedily became lost with the others forming the
cloud.

The phenomenon above described is interesting from a physio-
logical point of view, as showing the capabilities of the unaided
human eye. These sporidia measured only about one-Iiundredth
of an inch in their long diameter, and five-one-thousandths of an

* Read at the meeting of the Woolhope Clnb, Oct 8th, 1880.

48 ON SPORE DIFFUSION IN THE LARGER ELVELLACEI.

inch in their short — yet they could distinctly be seen to be bodies
having length and breadth.

That the process above described is the normal mode in which
the sporidia of the Morchellce are diffused, and not the result of
an accidental chain of circumstances, is further shown in another
way. A lady, who has a particularly irritable skin, and who has
often accompanied me in my mycological excursions, was never able
to gather Morells without suffering from a very unpleasant ery-
thema of the face, the explanation of which was never arrived at
until the above observations were made, although experience had
taught her that the Morells must always be kept at arm’s-length.

What particularly struck me when observing these spores being
given off, was the facility with which they floated in the air, having
little or no tendency to subside. Their specific gravity must be
very low, and this, aided by their gyrations, will account for the
extensive and, when aided by air-currents, rapid diffusion of Elvel-
laceous sporidia.

DR. MINKS ON THE STRUCTURE OF LICHENS.

You have favoured me with a copy of No. 49 of “ Grevillea,”
containing a paper on the letter which I published in the “ Revue
Mycol.,” No. 7, for the French-speaking public, especially for the
readers of that journal — a favour for which I thank you most
sincerely.

The intention of Mr. Phillips has certainly deserved the acknow-
ledgments of the English public, but they may decide with what
success he has solved his theme.

In order to enable the readers to completely understand my recti-
fication, the necessity of which appears both urgent and indis-
pensable, I subjoin the following sketch: —

The three tissues of the body of lichens, the recently-discovered
hyphema, the gonohyphema (formerly the hyphoidal system), and
the gonidema, are not separated from each other by sharp limits ;
they are only modifications of a single anatomical principle, created
for physiological and morphological ends. Each tissue contains in
its cells at least one microgonidium. That not all the cells of
these tissues, notwithstanding their including green corpuscles,
appear green in the microscope image, reposes simply on optical
conditions. The intensity of green colour of the goiiidia does not
depend, as Mr. Phillips inaccurately translated, on the niicrogo-
nidia, but on the intensity of their colour, and much more on the
number and arrangement of these corpuscles in each cell. That
explains how, not only real hyplue, but also true gonidia, with
their products, can aj^pear now colourless, now green. Mr. Phil-
lips, after correctly translating my precise definition — that the
microgonidium is the criterion of the cell of lichens in opposition

DR. MINKS ON THE STRUCTURE OP LICHENS.

49

to that of fungi, that, consequently, no homogenousness of the
hyphaj in both plants does exist, falls into that inconceivable con-
tradiction of making me say that, as regards systematic botany,
the gonidia are the criterion of the two great vegetable kingdoms.

According to my explication, if we shall be enabled to conceive
a vegetable form as a lichenic one, we have not to prove the
presence of gonidia in its body, but of microgonidia in its cells,
we have to search for the hyphema, etc. ; in short, to demonstrate
that it is subject to quite other laws than the fungus, in its vegeta-
tive and reproductive life. In the whole train of argument, the
criterion, consisting in the presence of the microgonidia, is the
most simple and commodious, so that the very tyro or dilettante
may he expected to make himself familiar with it. In future, at
least, an examination of the cells of the fructification, paraphyses
and thecae, with their spores, must by all means take place.

Anticipating that the readers of my letter would have the well-
done plates of my work before their eyes, Lreferred to them, espe-
cially to the last plate, under the firm conviction that a glance
must inform any botanist a little acquainted with the structure of
the concerned parts of what, in verbal translation I pronounced.
It may be seen that the thecaspore cannot at all be the product of
intracellular free formation,* for the microgonidia contained in all
the cells of the fructifying parts are equally here in morphological
activity, from the commencement to the end. The origination of
the spores reposes on simple metamorphoses of cells of ready hyph^
containing microgonidia, and if no metamorphosis ensues, the
hyphae become and remain what is called paraphyses.

It was properly I, the discoverer and author, whom alone it
might be allowed to give such a brief epitome — as it were, the
quintesceiice of my workf — since its real tendency could and should
be no other than to direct the attention of the French public to
these novelties. Should the same end be reached among the
English public, of course an uncurtailed translation of my letter
ought to have been given, but still more, two anticipations ought
to have been answered : that the reader of my French letter
had also read all the publications in that journal on my lichenolo-
gical discoveries, and that an understanding of my paper without
a contemporary inspection of the figures of my work — the most
important of which are even cited — is hardly to be obtained.

iVJr. Phillips does not fulfil these anticipations — for he even
neglects meutioning that my letter insists on them. With him I
complain that the same space (insignificant as it is) which the
“ Revue Mycologique ” has afforded, was not allowed for his im-
portant communication. Already my letter, reduced in your

* Mr. Phillips makes me say, that the thecaspore is onlxj the product of
free intercellular formation.

t “ Das Micrngonidium. Ein Beitrag zur Keuntniss des wahren Wesens
der Flechten.” Basle (H. Georg), 1879, with 6 col. plates.

50

DR. MINKS ON THE STRUCTURE OF LICHENS.

journal nearly to one-third of its extent, could and should not
pretend to make a satisfactory extract of my book, for which I
published in “ Flora,” 1878, Nos. 14-20, a much more compre-
hensive treatise. But neither this restriction of the intention of
tlie eminent English fungist, nor his consideration of the circum-
stance that I was “ not writing in my native language, hut more
especially on account of my views being quite novel, and subversive
of our preconceived notions of the morphology and physiology of
lichens,” seems to have caused him to fall into so striking an op-
position to words of my paper. If with consideration of the
narrow space, a reproduction of my paper should be given, in so
much as it interests the fungists and the followers of the Schwen-
denerian doctrine, this end could be reached by uniting all the most
essential passages into a uniform representation.

If we consider that the definition hitherto accepted of lichens,
as it heads a well-known work of recent date, sounds “ Plantae
cellulares thallo gonidiifero praeditae sporasque libera generatione
ortas in ascis foventes,” and that the entire intention of my com-
prehensive work was to overthrow that definition, a solemn protesta-
tion from my part against the statements ascribed to me will appear
well justified. One will even wonder how to Mr. Phillips my new
facts could appear as very theories, after he had raised the
suspicion that I had stated such wanton utopias.

The English public will finally partake of my conviction that a
detailed exposition of my new doctrine in English is now still
more urgently required, and lend their assistance to its apparition
in every way, for which purpose I recommend to translate the
paper published in“ Flora ” 1878, l.c., under omission of the con-
cluding words and certain notes. As such a translation would
extraordinarily gain by the citation of figures of my exhaustive
work, I declare myself ready for promoting its execution.

Beseeching you to print the above lines in the next number of
your journal, I remain, sir, yours most respectfully,

’ l3r. A. Minks.

P.S. — I am hoping that my paper will not contain thus much
errata as that of Mr. Phillips.

Note on the Above, by W. Phillips.

I strongly disclaim any intention of misrepresenting the opinions
of Dr. Minks in the brief abstract of his paper, of which he com-
plains, and I am glad that he undertakes to correct any errors into
which 1 might have fallen, as there is nothing more to be wished
than a clear exposition of his theories. I trust, however, that
your readers will derive more light from his communication above
than I am able to do.

DR. MINKS ON THE STRUCTURE OF LICHENS.

51

Please to correct the following typographical errors in my
abstract : — Page 34, line 13 from the top, for “ plates given them,”
read ‘‘plates given there.” Page 35, line 12 from top, for “ mi-
crogonidia maintained,” read “ microgonidia maintain.” Page 36,
line 1, for “ hyptra,” read “ hypha line 16 from bottom, for
“Mallus,” read “thallus.” Page 37, line 1, for “ mecaspore,”
read “ thecaspore line 5 Ironi top, for “mecaspore,” read
“ thecaspore ; ” line 9 from top, for “ meci,” read “ theci.”

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI DESCRIBED OR NOTICED
IN “ GREVILLEA.” VOLS. L— Vlll.

By Greenwood Pim, M.A., F.L.S.

In presenting to the readers of “ Grevillea ” the accompanying
Index to the British Fungi in the first eight volumes of that
serial, the compiler believes he is, to some extent at least, supply-
ing a want that has been felt by almost all students of our
Mycologic Flora.

It is now some twelve years since Dr. Cooke’s “ Handbook ”
appeared, and since that time the records of new species have been
so very numerous as to make it no easy matter to turn at a
moment’s notice to the exact page and number of “ Grevillea.” in
which such additions are to be found, forming as they do no small
or unimportant portion of its contents. In a f(‘W cases where a
species is noticed a second time and merely referring to a former
notice, it has been indexed only once, viz., the first occurrence.

In compiling such an Index, it is no easy matter to eliminate
every error, especially where the amount of time available has been
limited and irregular; it is hoped, however, that the errors are
few and unimportant, and that this list may serve, in some sort, as
a concise record of the progress of British Mycology till a second
edition of the “ Handbook ” is given to the public.

Acremonium ranigenum, B. ^ Br.
iEcidium depauperans, Vze.

,, incarceratum, B. ^ Br.

,, Parnassiae, Graves

,, Scrophulariae,

Agaricus (Amanita) magnificus, Fr.

,, (Armillaria) aurantius, Schceff. ...
„ „ bulbiger, A. ^ N. ...

,, „ denigritus, Fr.

„ „ haematites, B. ^ Br.

,, „ robustus, A. ^ N. ...

I.

21

V.

57

.. III.

181

II.

161

.. III.

74

.. VI.

97

II.

lOd

165. V.

56

I.

56

.. VI.

97

56. IV.

165

52

NDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Agariciis

(Armillaria) subcavus, Schum. ...

... IV.

33

>>

(Clitocybe) aggregatus, Sch.

... VII.

128

}}

yy

amaius, Br.

... VIII.

74

yy

amarella, P.

... VI.

98

»5

yy

angustissimus, Pr. ...

... IV.

33

>)

yy

cretatus, B. ^ Br. ...

V.

56

JJ

yy

concavus. Scop.

... IV.

166

J?

yy

ditopus, Fr.

... VIII.

97

>>

yy

diatritus, Fr.

... IV.

33

yy

expallens, Fr.

... IV.

166

»

yy

ericetorurn, Fr.

II.

109

yy

gangrenosus, Fr.

... II.

109

J»

yy

gilvus, P

... IV.

166

yy

yy

membranaceus, Fr. ...

I

73

yy

yy

nigrescens, Lasch. ...

I.

73

yy

yy

obsoletus, Batsch. ...

... VII.

128

yy

yy

orbatus, Fr.

I.

73

yy

yy

parilis, Fr.

I.

73

yy

pausiacus, Pr.

... VII.

128

>>

yy

rivulosus, P.

... VII.

127

yy

yy

Sadleri, Bk.

... VII.

127

yy

yy

socialis, Fr.

... VI.

98

yy

yy

splendens, Fr.

... IV.

166

yy

yy

subalutaceus, Batsch.

... IV.

166

yy

yy

subinvolutus, Sm.

... II.

109

yy

yy

tornatus, Fr.

I.

73

yy

yy

tuba, P?-.

II. 108. VII.

127

yy

(Clitopilus) stilbocephalus, ^ Br.

... VII.

131

>>

yy

vilis, Pr.

I.

82

yy

(Collybia)

ambustus, Schum.

... IV.

34

y>

yy

aquosus. Bull.

... II.

109

)>

yy

caldarii, B.

I.

89

yy

yy

cirrbatus, Sch.

V. 56, V.

118

yy

clusilis, Fr.

I.

74

yy

yy

coracinus, Fr.

I.

74

yy

yy

distortus, Pr.

I.

74

yy

yy

Dorotliese, B.

I.

89

yy

yy

extuberans, Batt.

... VIII.

74

yy

yy

hariolorum. Bull.

... VII.

128

yy

yy

laxipes, Fr.

... VIII.

74

yy

yy

murinus, Batsch

I.

74

yy

yy

muscigenus, Schum. ...

... IV.

34

yy

yy

Nevillas, B.

I.

89

yy

yy

nitellinus, Fr.

... VII.

129

yy

yy

nummularius. Bull. ...

... VII.

129

yy

yy

rancidus, Fr.

... IV.

167

yy

yy

semitalis, Pr.

... VII.

128

yy

yy

ytevensonii, B. 4'

... IV.

34

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

53

Agaricns (Collybia)

stolonifer, Jmig.

... VII.

129

5j

77

succineus, Schwf.

... II.

109

n

77

tosquorum, Fr.

... VII.

129

>7

77

tjlicolor, Fr.

... II.

109

> J

77

ventricosus, ... IV.

167, VII.

128

5J

( Crepidotus) calolepis,

... VII.

132

>y

77

epibryus, Fr.

... VII.

132

}}

77

Phillipsii, B. ^ Br. ...

... VI.

101

)}

(Deconica)

ammophilus, Mont. ...

... V.

3

i7

(Eccilia)

acus, Sm.

... IV.

35

77

77

atropunctus, P.

... IV.

35

))

77

flosculus, Sm.

... IV.

35

77

77

nigrella, P.

... VI.

100

77

(Entoloma)

resutus, Fr.

... IV.

85

7 y

Saundersii, Fr.

... II. 63.

113

77

Thomsoni, B. ^ Br. ...

... V.

1

77

Wynnii, B. Br. ...

... II.

113

77

(Flammula) alnicola, Fr.

I.

85

77

77

apicreus, Fr.

V.

2

77

77

astragalinus, Fr.

... II.

115

77

77

conissans, Fr.
inauratus, Sow.

I.

85

77

77

... II.

115

77

77

juncinus, Sm.

... II.

115

7}

77

lubricus, Fr.
lupinus, Fr.

I.

85

77

V.

2

77

77

mixtus, Fr.

I.

85

77

pusiolus, Fr.

... II.

115

77

(Galera) minutus, Qa.

... VI.

100

77

yy

rubiginosus, P.

I.

86

77

vittseformis,

V.

3

77

(Hebeloma) Bongardii, Weinm. I. 84, IV. 86, VI.

22

77

calamistratus, Fr.
capnocephalus. Bull

I.

84

77

yy

... VII.

132

77

yy

Clarkii, B. ^ Br. ...

... II.

114

77

yy

elatus, Batsch.

I.

84

yy

firmus, P.
geopliyllus. Sow.

V. 2, I.

84

77

yy

I.

84

77

yy

lanuginosus,

I.

85

77

yy

lugens, Fr.

... VII.

131

77

yy

mussivus, Fr.

... VIII.

75

77

yy

petiginosus, Fr.

... VIII.

75

77

yy

pbsejoceplialus, Bull.

I.

83

77

yy

relicinus, Fr.

... II.

114

77

scobellus, Fr.

I.

84

77

yy

truncatus, Fr.

... II.

114

77

yy

uniformis, P.

I.

85

77

(Hypholoma)

cascus, Fr.

... V.

33

77

77

elgeodes, Fr.

... IV.

36

54

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Agaric US

(Hyplioloma) leiicoteplirus, i?.

I.

87

,, silaceus, P.

... IV.

36

,, storea, Pr.

... IV.

36

,, sublateritius, var. /S'c^op/fen. ... VII.

132

J?

(Inocjbe) asterosporus, Q.

... VIII.

76

,, carptus, Pr.

... VI.

100

iJ

,, cincinnatus, Pr.

... VI.

100

J J

,, descissus, Pr.

... V.

1

„ dulcaraarus, P.

... VI.

100

J5

,, hirsutus, Lasch.

... VIII.

76

5>

,, maritimus, Pr.

V.

1

J»

„ phseocepbalus, Pw//. ...

,, Trinii,

... VII.

131

J)

... VI.

100

J5

,, Reiinyi, B. ^ Br.

... VII.

131

n

„ Whitei, B. ^ Br.

V.

2

?>

(Lepiota) amianthinus. Scop. var.

... VII.

127

j >

,, bioiTiatus, B. 4' Br.

... VI.

97

> j

,, cinnabarinus, Pr.

... IV.

33

j’

,, delicatus, Pr.

I.

56

5 >

,, ermineus, Pr.

I.

56

>>

,, Georginaj, S7n.

I.

55

„ granulosus, Batsch.

var. carch arias.

Pr. ... II.

108

5>

„ medullatus, Pr.

... VII.

12

? J

,, mesomorphus, Pr. ...

... VII.

27

J>

,, metul£esporus, B. 4' Br.

I. 55, VI.

22

)>

„ racliodes, Pr.,

sub. sp. puellaris, Pr

•. ... VI.

97

5)

,, ramentaceus, P«Z/. ...

„ seminudus, Lasch. ...

I.

56

i?

... VI.

97

,, sistratus, Pr.

1.

56

»>

„ Terreii, B. 4" Br.

I.

55

»

(Leptonia) getbiops, Pr.

,, cliloropolius, Pr.

... VI.

99

>?

... VIII.

75

JJ

„ lazulinus, Pr.

I.

83

,, lappula, Pr.

I.

82

5)

,, nefrens, Pr.

... VII.

131

„ solstitialis, Pr.

I.

82

>»

(Mycena) aetites, Pr.

... IV.

34

5)

,, amictus, Pr.

... VI.

98

>)

,, ammoniacus, Pr.

I.

81

5)

,, atrocyaneus, Batsch.

I.

74

J>

,, aurantio-marginatus, Pr.

VI. 99, IV.

167

J?

,, clavicularis, Pr.

... VII.

130

))

„ coccineus. Sow.

... VIII.

75

>?

,, cohaerens, A. P. ...

,, collariatus, Pr.

I.

74

... IV.

168

>»

,, debilis, Pr.

... IV.

168

,, excisus, Lasch.

IV. 167, VI. 99

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

55

Agaricns

(Mycena)

galericulatus, var. calopiis, Fr.

IV.

34

??

leptocephalus, P.

VII.

129

yj

J»

lineatus, Bull.

viir.

74

yy

?»

metatus, /&.

IV.

168

j>

peltatus, F?'.

I.

81

yy

V

plicato-creiiatus, Fr.

VII.

129

yy

jj

plioosus, Fr.

VI.

98

yy

V

psammicola, B. ^ Br. VI. 99, IV.

167

yy

5»

r u b r 0 - m ar g i 11 a tu s , F'r . ,

var. fusco-j)urpurens, Lascli.

VI.

98

yy

sacchariferus, B. Br.

1.

81

y y

V

stanneus, Fr.

VIII.

74

V

sudoriBs, Fr.

VIII.

74

yy

5)

tintinabnlns, Fr.

VII.

129

yy

zeptiirus, Fr.

VI.

98

yy

(Naucoria)

badipes, Fr.

VII.

132

yy

crobulus, Fr.

I.

86

y^

dispersus, B. ^ Br. ...

II.

115

yy

>5

echinosporus, Sm.

I.

184

yy

5)

graminicola, N.

V.

2

yy

V

pusiolus, i^r.

II.

115

yy

>5

scolecinus,

I.

86

yy

?>

semiflex us j B. ^ Br.

I.

85

yy

sobrins, Fr., var. dispersus, Fr.

II.

115

yy

1?

temulentus, A'r.

V.

2

yy

(Nolanea)

tenax, Fr.

I.

86

yy

cjelestiiius, Fr.

IV.

35

yy

??

fulvo-strigosus, B. ^ Br.

VI.

99

yy

yy

icterinus, Fr. I. 83, II. 114, IV.

35

yy

yy

infula, Fr.

VII.

131

yy

yy

inunctus, Fr.

I.

83

yy

yy

mammosus, L. ... I. 83, II.

113

yy

yy

rufocarneus, B. ^ Br.

V.

56

y y

yy

verecundus, Fr.

I.

83

yy

(Omphalia)

abhorrens, B. ^ Br....

VII.

130

yy

yy

bullula. Brig.

VII.

136

yy

yy

fibula, Bull. var. Swartzii, ...

II.

113

yy

yy

fulvo-strigosus, B. ^ Br.

VI.

99

yy

yy

bydrogrammus, B''r.

VI.

98

,,

yy

leucophyllus, Fr.

I.

81

yy

r

maurus, Fr. ... IV. 167, VI.

99

yy

yy

pliilonotis, Lasch.

IV.

34

yy

yy

pictus, Fr. ...

VI.

99

yy

yy

pseudo-andiosaceus. Bull.

VII.

130

yy

yy

retostus, Fr.

VII.

130

yy

rusticus, P.

82

yy

yy

stri^pileus, Fr.

VI.

99

yy

yy

umbelliferus, Fr.

var. abiegnus, B. ^ Br.

IV.

34

56

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

) umbilicatus, >S'c/i<^.' ...

... VI.

99

acuminatus, Fr.

I.

87

spbiiictrinus, Fr.

... VI.

100

segerita, Fr.

... VIII.

97

arrli enia,

ir.

114

confragosus, Fr.

I.

83

Cookei, Fr.

...V. 56 & 118

terrigenus, Fr.

var. minor, B. Br.

V.

1

unicolor, Fr.

V.

1

Valilii, Schum.

... VI.

100

tlexilis, Fr.
gadinioides, S7)i.

.. VII.

131

I.

184

pulmonarius, Fr.

... IV.

168

mutilus, Fr.

I.

82

reniformis, Fr. ... VI

. 99, VII.

130

Rutlue, B. 4" Br. ...

... VII.

130

liaemorrhoidarius, ScliJz.

V.

3

inunctus, Fr.

... II.

116

merdarius, Fr.

I. 86, 11.

116

bifrons, B.

V.

118

caliginosus,

V.

4

caudatus, Fr.

I.

88

empjreumaticus, Br.

I.

88

subatratus, Batsch. ...

I.

87

agnarius, Fr.

I.

87

atrorufus, Schf.

... VII.

133

ammopbilus, D. B. 4"

... VI.

101

cbondrodermus, B. 4' Br.

V.

3

hygropliilus, Fr.

... VII.

133

mucisedus, Fr.

V.

4

scobicola, B.4' Br. ...

... VII.

133

caput medusie, Fr. ...

V.

3

inunctus, Fr.

I.

83

Percevali, B. 4" Br. ...

... VII.

132

thraustus, Kalch.

... VI.

101

scobinaceus, Fr.

... IV.

101

Worthingtoni, Fr. ...

... II.

63

atrocinereus, P.

... VIII.

73

caelatus, />.

I.

72

cerinus, P.

... VI.

97

civilis,

... IV.

166

inanuenus, Fr.

... VII.

127

leucocephalus, Fr. ...

... IV.

165

lixivius,

1.

72

loricatus, Fr.

... IV.

165

macroceplialus, Schlz.

... II.

113

militaris, Lasch.

... IV.

06

paedidus, Fr.

... IV.

33

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) panasolus, Fr.

IV.

57

33

„ „ praviis, Lascli.

„ ,, putidus, Fr.

. , .

I.

72

I.

72

,, ,, resplendens, Fr.

I.

72

„ ,, sordidus, Fr.

. . .

I.

72

,, „ virgatus, Fr.

...

IV.

165

,, (Tubaria) autochthonus, B. ^ Br.

V.

56

,, „ cupularis, Bull.

. . .

VI.

101

,, (Vol varia) medius, Fr.

I.

82

,, ,, temperatus, B. ^ Br.

...

VII.

131

Ailographium varium, Desm.

...

II.

165

Anthostoma cubiculare, Fckl.

VI.

25

Arcyria congesta, B. ^ Br.

V.

13

,, ferruginea, Rost.

...

V.

13

„ Friesii, B. ^ Br.

. . .

V.

13

Ascobolus amethystinus, PA.

. . .

IV.

84

,, atrofuscus, P. ^ P. ...

...

II.

186

,, aurora, Crouan

I.

132

„ carneus, var. cuniculi. Bond.

II.

187

,, consociatus, B. ^ Br.

...

III.

123

„ Cookei, Bond.

I.

132

„ crenulatus, Pars;.

IV.

112

„ Crouani, Penny

III.

185

,, cunicularius. Penny ...

III.

185

,, lacteus, C. 4" Ph.

V.

119

„ Leveillei, Penny

III.

185

,, obscurus, Che.

IV.

112

„ ochraceus. Bond.

V.

62

„ parvisporus. Penny

...

III.

185

,, pilosus, Fr.

IV.

112

,, subhirtus. Penny

...

III.

185

„ viridis, Currey

...

II.

186

„ viridulus, P. ^ P.

VIII.

103

,, Woolhopensis,

III.

185

Ascochyta armoracise, PcAZ.

VI.

186

„ metuloespora, B. 4" Br.

VI.

128

Ascomyces alni, B. ^ Br.

V.

62

„ pruni, Fckl.

V.

62

,, Tosquinetii, West

VI.

25

Aspergillus nigricans, Auct.

VI.

127

Asterina veronicse. Lib.

V.

122

Bactridium acutum, P. ^ tF.

VI.

73

Badhamia capsulifer, B.

i.

40, V.

12

,, fulvescens, Cke.

. ..

IV.

69

Belonidium pullnm, P. 4" K.

VI.

75

Bolbitius rivulosus, B. ^ Br.

...

VII.

133

Boletus gereus. Bull

. . .

IV.

38

,, carnosus. Post.

...

IV.

38

„ collinitus, Fr.

...

I.

114

„ cyanescens, Bull.

...

II.

134

5

58

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Boletus inunctus, Kromh,

„ pacliypus, var. amarus, Fr.
„ prui natus, Fr.

,, pusio, Hoivse
„ radicans, Fr.

„ spadiceus, Schff.

,, sulfnreus, Fr.

Botrytis argillacea, Cke.

Boudiera areolata, C. ^ Ph.

Bulgaria purpurea, Fchl.

Calocera palmata, Fr.

Cantharellus albidus, Fr.

,, Friesii, Q.

„ Houghtoni, Ph.

„ Stevensoni, B. ^ Br.

Capnodium citri, B. ^ D.

,, salicinum, Mont.

Cenangium eric£e, Fr.

„ laricinum, FcM.

„ subnitidum, C. 4' Pk.

Cepbalotheca sulfurea, Fckl.

Ceratostoma helvellge, Cke.

Chagtomium funicolum, Cke.

„ glabrum, B.

,, griseum, Cke.

,, rufulum, B. ^ Br. ...

Cbondrioderma niveum, Rost. ...

„ CErstedtii, Rost.

Cienkowskia reticulata, A. ^ S.

Cladoderris minima, B. 4" Br.

Cladotrichum uniseptatum, Cke.

Clasterisporium vermiculatum, Cke

Clavaria condensata, Fr.

„ curta, Pr.

,, incarnata, Wein.

„ Krombholzii, FV.

,, Kunzei, Fr.

„ ligula, Fr.

,, rosea, Fr.

,, rufa, Fr.

,, spinulosa. Per.

,, tuberosa. Sow.

Coleosporium cacalias, DC.

,, ochraceum, Fckl.

,, pingue. Lev.., var.

,, senecionis, Fr.

Coprinus narcoticus, Fr.

„ sociatus, Fr....

Corticium amorpbum, Fr.

,, cinnamomeum, Fr.

„ citrinum, P.

IT. 133
II. 134
I. 114
VIII. 4
11. 134

... VIII. 4
II. 133, IV. 37, VI. 22
... III. 183
... VI. 76
... II. 163
V. 11
... IV. 37
... VIII. 2
V. 8, V. 56
... IV. 37
V. 64
I. 175
... VI. 24
... II. 187
... III. 186
... VI. 128
I. 175
I. 176
II. 165
I. 175
II. 165
V. 12
V. 12
... VI. 71
... VI. 124
.. III. 182
... IV. 69
V. 11
II. 136, IV. 67
... VIII. 98
V. 11
... VIII. 7
... VII. 8
I. 26
... II. 136
I. 116
... VI. 67
... VI. 73
... III. 181
Alcbemillaa ... III. 180

... III. 180
... Vllf. 97
... VIII. 76
V. 10
V. 11, VI. 125
... \I. 125

Corticium

INDEX TO BRITISH

ferrugineum, i^r.

FUNGI.

V.

59

11

j)

foetidum, B. 8^ Br.

• • •

... VIII.

7

5>

lacunosum, B. ^ Br....

... II.

135

1)

limitatum, Mort.

• • •

... VI.

125

porosum, B. ^ C.

• . •

... VIII.

7

puberum, Fr.

• • ♦

VI. 125, VIII.

7

) J

salicinum, Fr.

V.

10

>>

scutellare, B. ^ C.

... VIII.

7

serum, Fr.

• >•

V.

11

siibdealbatum, B. Br.

... VIII.

7

typliae, Fckl.

... IV.

no

violaceo-lividum, Fr.

... VI.

125

Cortinarius anthracinus, -Fr.

I.

no

armillatus, Fr.

• • •

... II.

117

??

bivelus, Fr.

• « •

I.

no

>)

bolaris, Fr.

• • •

V.

118

3?

camurus, Fr.

• • •

V.

5

cinn abarinus,

... II.

117

>3

claricolor, Fr.

• • •

V.

4

53

croceo-coeruleiis, Fr.

. . .

V.

4

3?

cyani tes, Fr.

...

V.

5

3)

decipiens, Fr.
decoloratus, Fr.

...

... II.

117

33

. . •

V.

4

decumbens, Fr.

...

... VIII.

1

33

detonsus, Fr.

V.

6

33

delibutus, Fr.

...

... VIII.

97

33

dilutus, Fr.

. • •

... VI.

102

33

duracinus, Fr.

. . .

... VIII.

1

33

erytbrinus, Fr.

. . .

... VI.

102

33

fasciatus, Fr.

. • .

... VIII.

78

?3

flexipes, Fr.

...

... VIII.

97

33

bsematoclielis, Fr. ...

• . .

1. 111,11.

117

33

belvolus, Fr.

• • •

... II.

117

33

imbutus, Fr.

... Vlil.

109

33

incisus, Fr.

• • •

I.

111

33

largus, Fr.

...

... VIII.

76

33

licinipes, Fr.

...

V.

5

33

milvinus,

V. 6, VIII.

77

33

myrtillinus,

V.

5

33

obtusus, Fr.

• ••

I.

111

33

Orel] anus, Fr.

I. no, 11.

117

33

paleaceus, Fr.

...

... VIII.

77

33

penicillatus, Fr.

. . .

... VIII.

77

plumiger, Fr.

V.

5

33

pluvius, Fr.

I.

no

33

poipbyropus, Fr.

... II.

116

33

punctatus, Fr.

V.

6

33

quadricolor, Fr.

... VJ.

101

33

redimitus, Fr.

. . .

V.

5

33

Riederi, i^r.

... VIII.

76

60

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Cortinai’iiis saginiis, Fr.

V.

56

,, sebaceus, Fr.

V.

4

„ scutulatus, Fr.

... VIII.

77

,, subferrugineus, Fr. ...

I.

111

,, traganus,

II. 116, IV.

36

,, triumphans, Fr.

I. no, II.

116

„ turmalis, Fr.

... VIII.

11

,, uraceus, Fr.

... VIII.

77

„ urbicus, Fr.

... VIII.

77

„ venetus, Fr.

V.

5

Craterellus clavatus,

... IV.

66

Craterium leucostictum,

V.

13

Cribraria fulva, var. intermedia, Schrad. ...

V.

13

„ macrocarpa, Schrad. ...

V.

13

Cronartium pseonise, Tul.

... III.

124

Cucurbitaria, dulcamara, Fr.

... II.

188

„ euonymi, Cke.

... II.

67

„ rhamni, Fckl.

... VI.

26

Cylindrosporium ficariae, Bk.

... III.

184

,, longipes, Preus.

... VI.

126

,, niveum, B. ^ Br.

... III.

184

,, , rhabdospora, B. ^ Br.

... III.

183

„ senecionis, B. ^ Br.

... V.

58

Cyphella catilla, Sm.

... II.

135

,, dochmiospora, B. ^ Br.

... II.

136

,, fraxinicola, B. ^ Br. ...

... IV.

66

„ pallida, B. ^ Br.

... II.

135

„ stuppea, B ^ Br.

... VI.

125

Cystotricha aureodisca, C.

... V.

66

Dacrymyces macrosporus, B. Br.

... II.

136

„ succineus, Fr.

... VIII.

154

„ vermiformis, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

125

Dactylium cervinum, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

127

,, implexum, B. ^ Br.

... II.

138

,, melleum, B. Br.

... II.

138

,, modestum, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

74

,, Eennyi,

... ir.

138

„ spirale, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

74

Daedalea heteromorpha,

... VIII.

6

,, mollis,

... II.

131

Dermatea Houghtoni, P^.

... VI.

24

,, ulicis, Cke.

... III.

186

Desmazierella acicola. Lev.

... III.

J26

Delitschia bisporula, Han.

... VI.

28

„ minuta, Fck.

Diaporthe arctii, Lascli.

... VI.

29

... VI.

26

,, aucubie, Sacc.

... VII.

81

„ ceramblycola, P. ^ Pr.

... VI.

128

„ Chailletii, Nke. "...

... VIII.

106

„ dulcamara, Nke.

... VI.

26

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Diaportlie importata,

... VIIT.

61

107

„ obsoleta, Sue.

... VI.

26

„ phillyre^, C.

... VII.

81

,, protracta, Nle.

...

... VI.

26

,, putator, Nke.

...

... VI.

26

,, riimicis, Nke.

... VIII.

197

,, Ryckholti, Nke.

... VI.

26

„ samaricola, P. PL ...

... III.

126

,, sarothamni, Nke.

. . .

... VI.

26

,, spina, Fckl.

... III.

126

„ Wibbii,, Nke.

... VI.

26

Diatrype verrucaeformis, Ehr.^ var.

Tocciseana,

Be Not. I.

155

Didymosph aeria acerinum, Behm.

. . .

... VI.

27

Dinemasporium fimeti, Ph. ^ P.

... IV.

119

Diplodia sapinea, Fckl.

... III.

124

„ syringae, Awd.

...

II. 186, III.

65

,, viticola, Desm.

. . .

... III.

124

Dothidea angelicae, Fr.

... III.

126

,, epityphae, Cke.

. . .

... VII.

79

,, filicina, Fr.

II.

164

,, fran gulae,

... VIII.

106

,, Jolmstoni, Br.

... II.

126

,, rimosa, A'r.

... VIII.

106

„ sambuci,

... VII.

79

Endodesmia glauca, B. ^ Br.

I.

21

Entyloma ungerianum, DeBy.

... VI.

73

Epicoccum micropus, Ca.

I.

20

Eurotium fulvescens, Cke.

. . .

... VIII.

11

Eustegia arundinacea, A'r.

. . .

... IV.

67

Eutypa aspera,

... VI.

128

Excipula congregata, Cke.

... III.

178

„ petiolicola, Fckl.

... IV.

119

Exobasidium Rhododendri, Cr. ...

... VIII.

8

,, Vaccinii, Woron ...

V.

59

Fusarium cucumerinum, B. ^ Br.

V.

58

,, minutulum, Ca.

... III.

183

,, rhabdophorum,R.

V.

58

,, translucens, jB. ^ Br. ...

V.

58

Fusidium asteris, P. ^ PI.

,, cylindricum, Ca.

... VI.

23

... IV.

120

,, geranii. West.

... III.

184

Fusisporium filisporum, Cke.

... VIII.

8

„ Kulinii, Fck.

... IV.

120

,, obtusum, Cke.

V.

58

Geaster lageniformis, Vitt.

... II.

35

,, mammosus, Fr.

,, Miclielianus, Sow.

V.

12

II. 35, IV.

68

„ saccatus, Fr.

... II.

137

„ synopsis of

...

... II.

76

„ truncatus, Vitt.

...

I.

40

G2

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Geoglossum, synopsis of

,, microsporum, Cke. ^ Feck.

... III.

133

var. tremellosum

... IV.

109

Gibbera flacca, Wallv.

... VI.

25

Glaeosporium Hendersoni, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

126

„ violee, B. ^ Br. ...

... VI.

126

Gnomonia pinophylla, P. ^ P. ...

... VII.

88

„ fimbriata, P.

... VIII.

68

Grandinia crustosa, P.

... IV.

66

,, crustosa, var. lignorum, Fr.

... VI.

124

,, mucida, Fr.

... VI.

124

Graphium stilboideum, Ca.

I.

20

Guepinia peziza, TnJ.

... VI.

71

Gymnosporangium pbysciee, Raich.

... IV.

119

Helicomyces roseus, Lk.

... II.

139

,, tubulosus, Pdess. ...

... HI.

178

Helmintbosporium arundinaceum, Ca.

... II.

186

„ exasperatum,^. ^ Br....

... II.

138

,, macilentum, Cke.

... VI.

74

„ rbopaloides, Fes.

V.

58

Helotium advenulum, P//.

... VI.

24

„ geogenum, Cke.

... VI.

65

,, laburni, B. Br.

V.

62

,, melleum, B. 4" -Sr.

... III.

122

„ scoparium, Cke.

... IV.

111

„ sublateritium, B. 4" Pr.

... III.

122

Helvella atra, Ron.

... VI.

127

,, infula, Pc/i/.

Hendersonia exigua, Cke.

... VIII.

99

... III.

178

„ lirellae, Cke.

... VI.

72

„ salicina, Vize.

... VI.

72

Heterosporium, conspectus of

V.

122

Hiatula Wyimiee, B. 4" Br.

... VII.

133

Hydnangium carneum, WaUr. ...

... II.

136

Hydnum anomalum, P. 4" -Sr.

... IV.

39

,, aurantiacum, 4" S. ...

... II.

134

,, bicolor, A. 4' P-

I.

116

,, cirrbatum, P.

I. 115, II.

135

„ compactum, Fr.

... II.

135

,, ferrugineum,

... II.

135

,, leevigatum, Sw.

V.

9

„ limonicolor, B. 4" -Sr. ...

... VI.

124

„ melaleucum, Fr.

I.

115

,, melleum, B. 4' -Sr.

... IV.

39

„ multiformis, P. ^ P?'. ...

... VI.

124

,, nodulosum, Pr.

... VI.

124

,, scabrosum, Pr.

... VIII.

98

,, sepultum, P. 4" -Sr.

... VIIL

6

„ scrobiculatum, Fr.

I.

115

,, sordidum, Wein.

... VI.

124

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

63

Ilydnum

squamosum, Schcef.

... IV.

39

5?

Stevensoni, B. 4' Br. ...

IV.

39

Ilygrophorus caprinus, i^r.

I.

113

cinereus, Fr.

Clarkii, B. ^ Br....

V. 7, VI.

121

yj

II.

118

J J

discoideus, Fr.

V.

7

erubescens, Fr. ...

... VI.

71

foetens, Ph.

... VII.

74

fornicatus, Fr.
glauconitens, Fr. ...

... II. 118, IV.

36

... VI.

121

V

Houghtoni, ...

... II.

118

yy

irriguus, Fr.

I.

113

yy

lacmus, Fr.
limacinus, Fr.

VIII.

2

yy

I.

113

yy

livido albus, Fr. ...

II.

118

jy

metapodius, Fr. ...

... II.

118

yy

micaceus, B. ^ Br.

VIII.

2

yy

mucronellus, Fr. ...

... IV.

118

yy

nemoreus, Fr.

... VI.

121

yy

olivaceo-albus, Fr.

V.

118

yy

penarius, Fr.

... VIII.

1

yy

pratensis, var. meisneriensis, Fr. ... II.

118

yy

„ var. pallida, B.

^ Br. ... II.

118

yy

]3ulverulentus, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

121

yy

sciopbanus, Fr. ...
subradiatus, Fr. ...

V.

7

yy

... VI.

121

yy

turundus, Fr.

I.

113

yy

ventricosus, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

1

yy

Wyniiias, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

2

Hymenoctiaete Stevensoni, B. ^ B7\

... VIII.

7

Hymenula constellata, B. ^ Br

V.

11

yy

platani, Lev.

... VIII.

111

Hyptielia rosea, Fr.

... IV.

67

Hypocrea aureoviridis, F. 4" C. ...

... VIII.

104

^y

contorta, B. 4’ C.

... IV.

123

yy

riccioidea, Fr.

... VIII.

9

yy

rigens, Fr.

... VIII.

104

yy

tremelloides, Fr.

... VIII.

104

Hypocreopsis pulchra, Wint.

... IV.

123

Hypomyces cervinus, Tul.

... VIII.

104

}}

chrysospermus, Tul.

VIII. 104, VIII.

9

))

terrestris, PI.

... VIII.

105

?)

violaceus, Tul.

... VIII.

104

viridis, /iT.

... VIII.

105

Hypoxylon majusculum, Cke.

... VII.

80

if

miniatum, Cke.

... VII.

80

Hysterium arundinaceum, var. graminum, Schrad. ... IV.

68

a

,, culmigenum, Fr. ... lY.

68

a

spbseroides, A. ^ S.

III.

66

a

„ var. rhododendri.

A. S. ... III.

67

64

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Irpex pendulus, Fr.

V.

9

,, spathulatus, Fr.

... VIII.

6

Isaria spliiugum. Schw.

II.

126

,, spumarioides, Cke.

... IV.

69

„ touieutella, Fr.

... VI.

126

Kneiffia subgelatiuosa, B. ^ By....

... IV.

66

Labrella ptaiTuic£e, Desm.

II.

57

Lactarius exsuccus, aSttz,

II.

119

,, ichoratus, Fr.

... VIII.

98

„ lilaciuus, Lasch.

... VIII.

98

,, minimus, Sm.

„ obliquus, Fr.

II. 119, V.

7

... VI.

122

,, obnubilis, Lasch.

... VIII.

2

,, picinus, Fr.

„ pubescens, Fr.

... VIII.

110

V.

56

„ scoticns, B. ^ Br.

,, squalidus, Kromb.

„ Terrei,

... VIII.

2

V.

7

... VI.

122

„ vietus, Fr.

... VI.

122

Lascliia coccinea, Sm.

... IV.

39

Lentinus resinaceus, Trog
„ pulverulentus, Fr.

I.

114

V.

8

„ scoticus, B. Br.

... IV.

37

Leotia circinans, P.

III. 66, V.

59

,, Stevensoni, B. Br.

Leptostroma glecliomatis, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

8

... Ill

177

Leptothyrium pictum, B. 4' Br....

... III.

177

Lindbladia eftusa, Fr.

V.

13

Lopbiostoma angustatum, P.

... VIII.

107

,, hederge, Fckl.

... III.

67

,, quadrinucleatum, K.

... VIII.

107

Lopbium fusisporum, Cke.

... IV.

114

„ laeviusculum, K.

... VIII.

103

Lycogala flavo-fuscum, Ehr.

V.

12

Lycoperdon ecbinatum, Pers.

... II.

137

,, Hoylei, P. ^ Br. ...

I.

40

Macrospora scirpi,

... II.

48

Macrosporium cladospoiioides, Desm.

... III.

66

„ nobile, Vize.

V.

119

Marasmius Broomei, B.

... VIII.

4

,, calopus, Fr.

... VIII.

3

„ Curreyi, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

4

,, epicbloe, Fr.

V.

8

„ impudicus, Fr.

... VIII.

3

„ institius, Fr.

... VIII.

3

,, languidus, Fr.

... VI.

123

„ polyadelpbus, Lasch.

... VIII.

110

„ saccbarinus, Fr.

... VIII.

4

,, scorteus, Fr.

,, splacbnoides, Fr.

... VI.

122

... VIII.

100

„ terginus, Fr.

... II.

119

INDEX TO BRITISH

Marasmius torquescens, Q.

FUNGI.

... VI.

65

123

„ Vaillantii, Fr.

...

... VIII.

3

,, vatricosus, Fr.

... VIII.

3

Massaria rliodostoma, Tul.

... VI.

26

Melanconis modonia, 2\lI.

... III.

67

Mclanconium elevatum, Ca.

...

... III.

178

Melanospora chionea, Ca,

... VIII.

105

„ vervecina, Desm. ...

... VIII.

105

Melogramma rubricosum, Tul. ...

... VI.

25

Merulius lieticolor, B. ^ Br.

... VI.

123

Mitrula alba, Sm.

Mouosporium saccbarinum, B ^ Br.

...

I. 136, II.

162

... II.

137

Morcbella gigas, P.

. . •

... VIII.

98

Mucor pruinosum, B. Br.

... III.

184

„ stoloni fer, Ehr.

• . .

... VI.

127

Myxotriclium ochraceum, B. ^ Br.

...

... III.

184

Nectria affinis, Grev.

...

... VIII.

9

„ aurea, Grev.

... VIII.

9

,, caulina, Cke.

V.

62

,, citrino-aurantia. Leer.

II. 164, IV.

68

„ ditissima, Tul.

... VIII.

105

„ epigasa, Cke.

... VIII.

10

,, furfurella, B. 4' Lr.

...

I.

155

,, Keitliii, B. ^ Br.

,, lecanodes, Ces.

...

... V.

62

... VI.

25

,, Leightoni, Bk.

I.

155

,, mammoidea, P. ^ P.

... III.

126

,, peltigerae, Ph. ^ P.

... IV.

123

„ Plovvrightiana, Sacc.

. . .

... VIII.

105

,, ribis, Tode

... VIII.

105

Nummularia gigas, P/.

... VIII.

106

Nyctalis caliginosa, Nm.

II.

119

Octaviana compacta, 'Tul,

... Vlll.

8

Odontia barba Jovis, Fr.

I.

116

Qildoceplialum roseum,

I. 184, II.

139

Ohleria obducens, Wein.

... VI.

27

Oidium aurantium, Cke.

I.

20

,, microspermum, B. Br.

... II.

139

Omhrophila brunnea, Ph.

. . .

... VIII.

103

Orbicula periebaenoides, Cke.

... VIII.

10

Ostracoderma pulvinatum, Fr,

... VI.

125

Panus patellaris, Fr.

... VI.

123

„ Stevensoni, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

4

Patellaria constipata, Blax.

I.

132

„ Fergussoni, B. Br.

... III.

123

„ ligniota, F/\

... VI.

25

,, pallida, B.

... viir.

9

Paxillus filamentosus, Fr.

I.

111

„ lepista, Bk.

V.

6

„ leptopus, Fr.

... VI.

22

6

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI

CG

Paxillus paradoxus, Bk.

„ spilomaeolus, Fr.

Penicillium coffeicolor, B. ^ Br.

,, megalosporum, B. ^ Br.
Perich^eria decipiens, B. 4' Br.

„ picea, B. Sf Br.

„ quercina, Fr.

Periconia brassiciecola, B. 4"

,, Phillipsii, jL.

Peridermium acicolum, Lk.

,, corticoluni, Lk.

Peronospora affinis, Ross.

,, calotheca, DeBy. ...

,, entospora B. 4 Br.

„ ficariae, Tul.

,, lijoscyami, DeBy. ...

„ interstitialis, B. 4 Br.

,, Lamii, Bravn.

„ rufi basis, i?. ^ B/’. ...

„ violae, DeBy,

Pestalozzia funerea, Desm.

Peziza (Coch.) adae,

„ (Hjm.) albida, Roh.

„ (Hym.) amentacea, ...

,, (Hym.) amenti, ...

,, (Al.) ammophila, DR. ...

,, amphibola, Nyl.

„ (Cocli.) apophysata, C. 4 P-
,, (Mol.) aquosa, B 4 Br. ...

,, (Dasy.) aranea, Not.

,, (Mol.) arrhenavaga, Ph

,, (Pat.) artemisise, Lasch. ...

„ asterostoma, Ph. ...

„ (Cocli.) auricula, Cke. ...

,, (Tap.) Bloxami, B. & Br.

„ (Hum.) bovina, Ph.

,, (Das.) biTinneola, Desm.

,, (Mac.) bulbosa,

,, (Hu ) Biilli, Sm.

,, (Das) calycina var. Trevelyan!
,, (Das.) candidata, Cke.

,, (Hy ) Candolleana, Lev. ...

„ (Dy.) caucus, Reb.

,, (Pat.) cerastiorum, Wall.

,, (Hum.) cervaria, Ph.

,, (Mol.) Cbateri, Sm.

„ (Mol ) ciborium,

,, (Das.) citricolor, B. 4 Br.

,, (Sar.) cocotina, Cke.

„ (Das.) comitessse, Cke. ...

,, (Hym.) concolor, PA.

IV. 118, V.

6

... VI.

102

V.

58

... III.

183

V.

14

... II.

137

I. 40, II.

137

... III.

181

III. 182, 111.

124

... VI.

72

... VI.

72

... VI.

127

1. 120, III.

183

I.

20

L 21, II.

138

... II.

139

... III.

183

1.21,11.

138

... III.

183

... IV.

109

... III.

178

... VI.

75

... VI.

127

... VI.

23

I.

130

V.

59

I.

132

V.

60

1.

130

VIII. 101,

111

... IV.

122

I.

131

... VII.

140

V.

GO

... IV.

121

... VIII.

100

III. 122,

125

... VIII.

99

I. 120, 11.

162

... III.

121

1.

130

... VI.

127

... VI.

23

... IV.

66

... VIII.

100

1. 120, n.

162

... IV.

119

I.

129

V.

61

... IV.

111

... VIII.

102

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Peziza (Hum.) constellatio, B. ^ Br.
„ (Sar.) coprinaria, Cke. ...

,, (Mac.) corium, Weher

,, (8ar.) cretea, Cke.

„ (Dasy.) crucifera, Ph.

„ (Sar.) crucipila, C. ^ P.

,, (Sarc.) dalmeniensis, Ckr.

„ diminuta, Bob.

,, (Hum.) domestica, Sow. ...

,, (Hum.) eclecta, B. ^ C

,, (Mol.) electrina, P.

,, (Mol.) elaphines, B. ^ Br.

,, (Dasy) Ellisiana, Rehm. ...

,, (Mol.) epithalina, P. ^ PI.

„ (Das.) escharodes, B. ^ Br.

„ eupliorbite, B. Br.

,, (Hum.) exidiilormis, B. ^ Br.

,, (Mol.) excelsior, K.

,, (Mol.) filispora, Cke.

„ (Das.) flammea, A. ^ S

,, (Mol.) flaveola, C.

,, (Mol.) fsecunda, Ph.

,, (Das.) friabilis, Ph.

,, (Das.) fuscescens, P.

,, (Hum.) fnsispora, B.

„ (Hum.) hinnulea, B. ^ Br.

,, birta, Sch.

,, (Sarc.) hirtococcinea, P. 4' P.

,, (Mol.) liydnicola, B.

,, incarnata, Cke.

„ indiscreta, Ph. cj* P.

,, (Al.) isabellina, W. G. S.

„ Keitbii, Ph.

,, laricis, Rehm.

„ (Das.) lasia, P. ^

,, (Hu.) lechitliina, Cke.

,, (Mol.) litoralis, PA.

,, (Coch) luculenta, Cke. ...

,, (Das.) luzulina, Ph.

„ (Mol.) maura, Ph.

,, (Hum.) maurilabrae, C. ...

,, (Sar.) melastoma, Soiu. ...

,, (Mol.) melateplira, Lasch.

„ (Cup.) mellea, C. Sf PI. ...

,, (Mol.J mercurial is, Fckl

,, (Das.) miliaiis, Wallr. ...

„ (Hym.) monilifera, Fckl

,, muralis, Sow.

,, (Das.) nuda, PA.

„ (Das.) oedema, Desm.

„ (Hum.) ollaris, Fr.

IV.

67

110

IV.

91

59, VI.

23

VI.

75

VIII.

100

V.

61

III.

66

III.

184

VI. 23, 60

V.

60

VIII.

155

I.

130

IV.

169

VI

24

I.

130

VIII.

8

III.

120

viir.

102

III.

66

IV.

121

I.

131

VIII.

102

IV.

121

V.

61

III.

120

I.

129

III.

125

VIII.

100

I.

131

I.

131

VIII.

99

136, II.

162

VIII.

100

IV.

169

1— 1

!-H

162

IV.

110

IV.

121

V.

60

IV.

121

IV.

122

VI. 64, 75

IV.

120

VIII.

102

V.

119

VI.

24

IV.

121

IV.

3

VIII.

99

VIII.

101

VIII.

101

VIII.

8

08

INDEX TO BRITISH

FUNGI.

Peziza (Das.) palearum, Desm. ...

... IV.

121

(Hy.) pallidovirescens, PA.

... VI.

24

5>

(Mac.) Percevalii, PA. ...

V.

59

(Hum.) Phillipsii, Cke. ...

... IV.

110

>)

(Mol.) plantaginis, FckL...

I.

181

J)

(Hum.) pluvialis, Cke,

... IV.

110

pseudotuberosa, Mehm.

. . .

... VIII.

102

J>

(Mol.) pteridis, ^ P.

I.

155

J)

(Mol.) punctoidea, Kst, ...

V.

61

)>

(Cup.) purpurascens. Fers.

V.

60

)J

pustulata. Fers. ...

... II.

188

)*

(Sar.) pygmaea, Fr.

... VI.

23

3)

(Das.) resinaria, C. ^ P...

. . .

... III.

185

J)

(Mol.) retrusa, PA.

. . .

... IV.

122

»

(Tap.) rhabdosperma, P. P?’.

. . .

V.

61

(Das.) rhytismae, PA.

... VIII.

101

>>

(Mol.) rubella. Fers.

... III.

122

JJ

saniosa, Schrad. ...

II.

189

J>

(Hu.) schizospora, Flil. ...

I.

129

))

(Hu.) semi-immersa, Kant.

... IV.

120

;J

(Cup.) sepiatra, (7Ad.

. . .

... III.

119

J)

(Sac.) sepulta, Fr.

... IV.

120

33

(Das.) stereicola, Cke.

I.

133

3?

(Mol.) Stevensoni, P. Sf Br.

... III.

122

33

(Phia.) strobilina, Fr.

II.

186

33

(Hu ) subhirsuta, var. macrocystis, Fhil.

I.

229

33

(Dasc.) subtilissima, Cke.

. . .

... III.

121

33

succosa, P.

... III.

124

33

(Cup.) tectoria, Cke.

... III.

119

33

trichodea, PA.

. . .

... III.

125

33

(Mol.) tripolii, P. ^ Br. ...

V.

61

33

typhee, Cke.

I.

131

33

(Mol.) ulcerata, PA.

... IV.

122

33

(Al.j undata, W . G. S,

I. 136, II.

162

33

(Mol.) ventosa, K.

... VIII.

103

3j

(Mol.) versicolor, Dez.

... VIII.

102

3)

(Hum.) violascens, Cke. ...

... IV.

110

35

(Hum.) vivida, Nyl.

... III.

120

33

(Sare.) Woolliopei, C. 4’

... VI.

75

riiacidiiim caltha, PA.

... VIII.

103

„ leptidium, Pr.

... VIII.

9

,, radians. Bob.

... II.

165

Phallus iosmos, P/^.

... VI.

119

PLoma errabunda, Desm.

. . .

... III.

65

Mulieri, Cke.

... VIII.

8

pinastri,

. . .

... III.

178

projecta, Cke.

...

... III.

178

yy

snbordinaria, De.

... IH.

65

y y

vitis, Bon.

... IV.

177

Pliragmidium bullatum, bPsf.

... III.

65

Pbysariim

INDEX TO BRITISH

atiTim, Fr.

FUNGI.

V.

G9

13

nigrum, Fr.

. . .

V.

12

tlieiotenm, Fr.

V.

12

tussilaginis, B. Br.

V.

12

Plagiostoma devexa, Desm.

... VI.

27

Pleospora graminis, Fckl.

... VIII.

108

Polyactis galanthina, B. ^ Br. ...

... II.

139

Polypo rus

alutaceus, Fr.

. . .

... VIII.

4

bathyporus, Rost.
blepharistoma, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

5

}f

... IV.

39

J5

borealis, Fr.

... IV.

38

99

callosus, Fr.

...

... IV.

38

carneus, Fr.

... II.

134

cerebrinus, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

4

JJ

collabefactus, B. ^ Br.

... IV.

38

?>

cryptarum, N.

... VIII.

5

99

farinellus, Fr.

I.

115

99

floccopus, Rost.

... IV.

38

99

frondosus, Fr.
liiberniciis, B. ^ Br.

II.

134

99

I.

115

99

Herbcrgii, Rost.

... VIII.

5

99

hynienocystis, B. ^ Br.

... VIII.

6

99

Keitbi, B. ^ Br.

... IV.

38

99

leucomelas, Fr.

... VI.

123

99

melanopus, Fr.

I.

114

99

micans, Ehr.

I.

115

99

mollis, Fr.

... II.

134

99

penetralis, Sm.

... IV.

39

99

polymorphus, Rost. ...

... VIII.

5

99

populinus, Fr.

I.

114

99

pubescens, Fr.

... VIII.

5

99

radula, Fr.

... VIII.

5

99

ramentaceus, B.

... VIII.

fi

99

Eennyi, jB. ^r.

... IV.

38

99

reticulatus, W.

... VIII.

6

99

rhodellus, Fr.

... VIII.

5

99

roseus, i^r.

... VIII.

5

99

subgelatinosus, B. ^ Br.

... II.

8

99

trabeus, Fr.

... IV.

38

Porotheliiim confasnm, B. ^ Bi\

. . .

... VI.

123

99

Keithii, B. ^ Br. ...

... VI.

123

99

Stevensoni, B. & Br.

... VI.

123

Protomyces chrysosplenii, B. ^ Br,

... III.

181

comari, B. & Br.

... VI.

126

Fergussoni, B. ^ Br.

... III.

181

macrosporus, Ung. ...
menyanthes, DeBy ...

...

... III.

124

jj

... III.

181

microsporus, Ung. ...

...

... III.

181

sagittarige, F'c/:/.

. . .

... III.

124

Psilopesia

, myrotliecioides, B. ^ Br.

...

... III.

123

70

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Psilosphieria rhododendri, Plow.

... YIII.

108

rterula multifida, Fr.

I.

116

,, subulata, Fi‘.

. . «

V.

11

Puccinia acuminata, Fckl.

... IV.

119

„ adoxfe, D.C.

... VI.

73

„ Andersoni, B. ^ Br. ...

... III.

179

,, asteris, Fckl.

...II. 48,

137

,, bistortge, D.C.

* • .

... II.

161

„ cirsii, Lasch.

... IV.

109

„ Fergussoni, ^ Br. ...

... III.

179

,, linearis. Boh.

... VI.

73

,, luzulse, Lehert.

... IV.

109

„ malvacearum, Ca.

II. 137,11.

47

,, moliniie, Tul.

V.

57

,, saxifragarum, Sch.

...

... VI.

73

„ scrophularige, Libert. ...

. . .

... III.

180

„ senecionis, Lib.

• • .

... III.

179

,, silenes, Rabli.

• • •

... III.

179

„ tripolii, Wallr.

... III.

180

„ violee, DBy

... IV.

109

PyrenopLora trichostoma, Fr. ...

V.

122

Padulum aterimum, Fr.

.. VIII.

6

„ corallinum, B. ^ Br. ...

• • •

... IV.

66

„ deglubens, B. ^ Br. ...

... IV.

66

„ epileucum, 5. ^ ^7’. ...

• ••

... IV.

66

„ tomentosum, Fr.

... IV.

32

Passtelia carpophila, Bagn.

...

... VIII.

98

Eamularia armoraciee, Fckl.

II. 186, III.

65

,, cryptostegiee. Pirn. ...

... VIII.

150

,, destructiva, P. ^ PI.

• ••

... VI.

22

,, ulmariee, Cke.

... IV.

109

„ variabilis, Fck.

• • •

... IV.

120

„ violae, Fckl.

• • •

... IV.

109

Eeticularia olivacea, Fr.

• . .

V.

12

Ehinotrichum decolorans, Cke ...

• * •

V.

58

Ehizina leevigata, Fr. ...

... n.

162

Ehyparobius argenteus, B. 4' Br.

... II.

163

,, Cookei, Bond.

... II.

163

„ dubius, Bond.

. ... II.

163

„ Woolbopensis, Penny

... II.

163

Ehytisma empetri, TF.

V.

64

,, radicalis, C.

... VIII.

9

Eussula consobrina, F>.

• • •

... VI.

122

,, elephantina, Fr.

... VIII.

2

„ fellea, Fr.

... VIII.

3

,, galochroa, Fr.

. . .

V.

8

,, Linneei, Fr.

. . •

... VIII.

3

„ nauseosa, Fr.

• • •

I.

114

,, olivacea, Fr.

• • •

V.

7

,, pectinata, Fr.

V.

8

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

71

Russula Queletii, Fr.

VI.

71

•5

subfoetens, Sm.

... II.

119

J)

semicrema, Fr.

VI.

122

V

xerampelina, Scliwf.

... VI.

122

Saccobolus violascens, Boud.

... III.

126

Schinzij

i alni, P.

V.

59

Schizotliyrium Ptarmicee, Desm....

... II.

164

Scleroderma geaster, Fr.

I. 40, II.

137

Septoria avellanse, B. ^ Br.

V.

56

))

liyperici, Desm.

... III.

177

}>

mori. Lev.

... VI.

72

stachydis, Desm.

III.

177

veronicf», Desm.

... III.

177

Sistotrema confluens, P.

... IV.

118

Solenia fasciculata, P.

I. 116, IV.

119

Sordaria fimicola, Ces. Sc De Not.

VI.

28

))

fimiseda, Ces. ^ De Not.

.. VI.

28

))

maxima, Niessl.

... VJII.

107

5)

microspora, B. ^ Ph. ...

... VI.

28

5 J

minuta, Wint.

... VI.

28

>>

platyspora, P. Ph.

VI.

28

Sorosporiuni, scabies, De By. ...

II.

73

trientalis, Won.

VI.

73

Sparassis crispa, Fr.

I.

75

Sphaerella atomus,

III.

169

brachy theca, Cke.

VII.

88

chlouna, Cke.

V.

121

ditricha, Fr.

III.

68

p

euphorbise, P. 4' Ph. ...

VI.

28

P

glomerata, Cke-

... III.

69

p

hederaecola, Fr.

III.

96

p

innumerella, K.

VIII.

109

n

iridis, Gon. ^ R.

... II.

88

55

juncina, Awd.

V.

121

peregrina, Cke.

... VII.

88

P

perpusilla, Desm.

V.

122

55

scirpi lacustris, Awd.

V.

121

55

taxi, Cke.

... VI.

128

Sph seria

, aparines, Fckl.

... VI.

27

55

applanata, Niessl

... III. 126, V.

63

55

aucuparise, Lasch.

... VIII.

108

55

breviseta, Rbh.

... ... II.

187

55

hvyomde, Fckl.

III. 68, VI.

27

55

caninse, P. Pl.

VI.

27

>5

carbonaria, P. Sf P.

... II.

188

5 5

cetraricola, Nyl.

III.

68

55

clara, Awd.

V.

121

55

conica, Fckl.

... II.

187

55

corniella, C.

... VIII.

10

55

crinigera, Cke.

I.

156

72

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Spligeria culmorum, Cke.

,, cupulifeva, B. 4' Br.

„ curvula, De Bij.

,, var. aloides, Wint.

„ discospora, Aivd.

„ donacina, Fr.

,, empetri, Fr.

„ epilobii, Fckl.

„ epicarecta, Cke

„ equorum, Wint.

„ euphorbiae, Cke.

,, felina, idcX7.

„ filicum, Desm.

,, graphis, Fckl.

„ helicoma, P. ^ PI.

„ heliocharis,

„ hyperici, Plow.

„ Keithii, P. Sf Br.

„ labiatae, Cke.

„ Laschii,

„ lichenicola, DeNot.

„ maculans, Desm.

„ mammillana, Pr.

„ maritima, C. ^ F.

„ marram, Cke.

„ membranacea, P. ^ Pr.

„ merdaria, Fr.

„ Michotii,

,, nardi, Fr.

„ nigrofactae, Cke.

„ Norfolcia, Cke.

„ Notarisii, Car.

„ occulta,

„ orthoceras, Pr.

„ ostioloidea, Cke.

„ paedida, P. Pr.

„ parallela, Fr. ...

„ parmeliarum, Pli.

„ pinophila, PA.

„ pomiformis, P.

„ pontiformis, Fckl.

„ refracta, Cke.

„ resecans,

„ revelata, P. ^ Pr.

„ rbodobapha, P. ^ Pr.

„ rubelloides, P/.

,, rubicunda, Niessl.

„ samaricola, P. ^ P.

„ scirpi, P. P.

„ scobina, Nke.

III.

68

I.

156

lY.

113

V.

63

11.

181

YI.

27

Y.

63

Y.

63

Y.

120

lY.

124

III.

67

I.

156

YIU.

109

Y.

64

YI.

26

YI.

27

YIII.

108

Y.

62

Y.

63

III.

68

I.

156

YI.

128

I.

175

Y.

120

Y.

120

lY.

68

lY.

123

Y.

119

20, YI.

27

11.

164

Y.

120

<1

113

III.

68

Y.

64

lY.

113

III.

164

I.

174

lY.

124

lY.

124

I.

156

Y.

120

Y.

119

lY.

124

YIII.

108

I.

174

Y.

120

YI.

27

III.

126

II.

164

III.

67

INDEX TO BRITISH

S2)lH!ena Spina, i^cX7.

FUNGI.

... III.

73

126

,, snbri[)aria, Cke.

V.

121

,, surrecta, Cke

V.

119

„ Stevensoni, B. 4' Br.

... VI.

128

,, thallina, C.

„ tjphaBcola, Cke.

... VIII.

10

...

V.

121

,, vincse, Cke.

• •

... V.

63

„ vulgaris, Niessl.

... VI.

27

„ Winteri, P. ^ P.

... II.

108

Sphaeronema aemulans, B. 4 Br.

... II.

137

Sphinctrina corerneoides, B. 4

... II.

16.5

Sp ilocaea pomi,

II. 64, II.

162

Spondylocladium fumosum, Prues.

I.

20

Sporidesmium cladospori, Fckl.

... III.

65

„ digitatum, C.

... VIEI.

8

,, parasiticum, Cke. ...

... VI.

74

„ triglochinis, B. 4 Br.

V.

57

Sporocybe minima, Cke.

» . •

V.

118

yporormia liguicola, P. 4 PI.

... VI.

29

„ megalospora, Awd.

... VI.

29

„ rnimmdi, Awd.

... VIII.

108

„ octomera, Awd.

... VI.

29

„ pulchra, Hans.

... VIII.

108

Stemonitis pulchella, ^(2^.

... II.

188

fStereum frustulosum, Pr.

I.

116

,, ochroleucum, Fr.

... VIII.

7

„ pini, Fr.

... IV.

118

„ rufum, Fr.

V.

10

„ vorticosum, Fr.

V.

10

Stictis Berkleyana, D. E. 4 Lev....

... VI.

25

,, gramineum, Desm.

,, lecanora, «S'cAm. var. pyri. ...

I.

132

V.

62

„ licbenicola. Lev.

« • •

... IV.

123

,, seriata, Alont.

Stilbum cuneiferum, B. 4 •••

• ••

... IV.

123

• • •

... III.

181

„ melleum, B. 4

• • •

V.

57

„ orbiculare, B. 4

• • •

... VI.

127

,, Stevensoni, B. 4

Stysanus putredinis, Ca.

• • •

... VI.

1^6

... VI.

126

Synchytrium anemones, Wor.

... II.

162

„ mercurialis, Fckl.

... II.

162

„ taraxaci, De By. 4 Wor.

... II.

162

Thamnidium elegans, Lk.

„ Van Tieghemi, B. 4

... III.

184

. . .

... III.

184

Thecophora hyalina, Fing.

... II.

986

Thelephora clavularis, Fr.

• ••

V.

9

„ crassa, Lev.

• • •

... VI.

124

„ Crustacea, Fr.

• • •

V.

9

„ intybacea, Fr.

. . .

... IV.

68

„ multizonata, B.

...

I.

75

74

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Thelepliora pallida, Fr.

,, undulata, F?\

Tilletia bullata, Fckl.

Torrubia myrinecophila, Tul.
Torula piiiopbila, Cke.

„ profusa, Wall.

„ splendens, Cke.

,, ulinicola, Rhli.

Tranietes Bulliardi, Fr.

,, inodora, Fr.

,, purpurascens, ^

„ Terrei, B. ^ Br.

Tricbia scabra, Rost.

Tricbobasis Lynchii, B.

Typhula gracillimum. White
,, translucens, B. 8^ Br.
Uredo alcheniillse, P.

,, Betse, Kuhl.

Urocystis gladioli, Sm.

,, sorosporioides, Koean.

Urorayces alchemillas, BC.

,, alliorum, DC.

apiculatus. Lev.
appendiculatus. Lev.
avicularise, Schr.
Belienis, Lev.

Betae, Kuhn.
concentricus. Lev.
concomitans, B. 4' Br.
excavatus, DC.

Fabse, Fckl.
ficariae. Lev.
geranii, BC.
graminum, C.
junci, Tul.
limonii. Lev.
ornithogali, Ijev.
orobi, Fckl.
parnassiae, Schr.
phaseolorum. Be By.
pisi. Be By.
rumicum. Lev.
salicorniae,
scrophulari^e. Lib.
scutellatus. Lev.
sparsa. Lev.
urticae, Che.
valerianse, Fckl.
Candollei, Tul.
Ustilago intermedia, Schroter ...
,, Kuhniaiia, Wolff.

• • •

V.

6

...VIIL

7

V.

118

• • •

III.

126

IV.

119

...

III.

124

III.

178

III.

124

• • •

I.

115

...

V.

9

VIII.

6

• • •

V.

9

VI.

71

VI.

126

• • •

VI.

124

• • •

V.

11

• • •

III.

124

• • •

IV.

119

• • •

V.

57

• • •

VI.

73

• • •

VII.

186

• • •

VII.

138

• • •

VII.

136

VII.

135

VII.

136

II. 137

, VII.

134

• • •

VII.

137

VII.

138

• • •

III.

181

II. 161

, vn.

138

• • •

VII.

135

VII.

134

III. 188;

, VII.

134

• • •

VII.

138

• • •

VII.

139

• • •

VII.

134

...

VII.

138

• • •

VII.

135

• • •

VII.

134

• • •

VII.

135

• • •

VII.

135

VII.

136

• • •

VII.

137

vn.

136

• • •

VII.

137

• . •

VII.

137

• • •

VII.

137

• • •

VII.

137

• • •

V.

57

• • •

IV.

57

• • .

V.

54

INDEX TO BRITISH FUNGI.

Valsa abnipta, C.

,, ceiithospori, C. ...

,, cornicola, C.

„ cypi-i, Till.

,, Fuckelii, Nke. ...

„ laiirocerasi, Tul.

,, microspora, C. ^ P.

„ alcbemilla3, B. ^ Br.

Venturia atramentaria, Cke.

,, glomerata, Cke.

,, potentillge, Cke.

Verticicladium trifidum, Breuss.

Yerticillium agaricinum, Bou. ...
„ asperofillus, B. ^ Br.

Yibrissea guernisaci, Cr.

,, Margarita, Wh.

,, microscop ica, B. Br.

„ truncorum, Fr.

Yirgasporium maculatum, Cke,

Yolutellaroseolum,

,, stipitatum, B. ^ Br. ...

Xylaria scotica, Cke.

,, tortuosa, Cke.

lY.

75

... YII.

83

... YII.

83

... YII.

83

I.

155

... YII.

83

113, YIII.

107

... YII.

82

... lY.

68

I.

175

... III.

69

... YI.

76

... YI.

23

I. 184, II.

139

... II.

139

... lY.

120

... II.

162

Y.

59

... III.

124

... III.

182

I.

20

I.

20

... lY.

121

... YIII.

10

COED COCH AND COLWYN FUNGI.

By invitation of Mrs. Lloyd Wynne and Mr. A. 0. Walker, a
party of mycologists visited these localities for two or three days,
from the 9tli October ; and the following list includes the majority
of species found during the excursions. Others have been col-
lected since by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, of which a special record
will probably be given by that gentleman. As no extensive list
of the North Wales Fungi has been published, we give the list in
its entirety, although it represents only the result of two or three

consecutive days, and must

Agaricus.

acerbus. Bull.
acicula, Sch.
aeruginosus. Curt.
albus, Fr.
alcalinus, Fr.
arvensis, Schff.
bifron«!, B. ^ Br.
Bloxami, B. ^ Br.
brevipes, Bull.
brumalis, Fr.
butyraceus. Bull.
campestris, L.
capnoides, Fr.
cervinus, Sch.

refore be regarded as fragmentary.

Agaricus.

chalybeiis, P.
cinerascens, Bull.
clavipps, Fr.
columbetta, Fr.
carcharias, P.
confluens, P.
corrugis, P.
cristatus, Fr.
cucumis, P.
epipterygius. Scop.
equestris, L.
euthelus, B. ^ Br.
excelsus, Fr.
fascicularis, Huds.

76

COED COCII AND COLWYN FUNQI.

Agaricus.

fastibilis, Fr.
fibula, Bull.
flaccidus, Sow.
flavidus, Sell.
feeniseoii, P.
fragrans, Sow.
gal opus, Sell)'.
geophyllus. Sow.
giganteus, Fr.
gracilis, Fr.
grammopodius. Bull.
granulosus, Batsch.
hypnorum, Batsch.
inameenus, Fr.
infundibuliformis. Sell.
inopus, Fr.
jubatus, Fr.
laccatus. Scop.
lenticularis. Lash.
longicaudus, P.

Mappa, Batsch.
melleus, Vahl.
mitis, B.
mollis, Sch.
mutabilis, Sch.
nebularis, Batsch,
nidorosus, Fr.
nudipes, Fr.
odorus. Bull.
parabolicus, A. ^ S.
pascuus, P.
phalloides, Fr.
pliyllopbilus, Fr.
prunulus. Scop.
purns, P.
pyriodorus, P.
rachodes, Vitt.
radicatus, Eelh.
radicosus, Bull.
resplendens, Fr.
rimosus, Bull.
rosellus, P.
rubescens, P.
rugosus, Fr.
rutilans, Schff.
sanguinolentus, A. ^ S.
saponaceus, Fr.
semiglobatus, Batsch.
semilanceatus, Fr.
senilis, Fr.

Agaricus.

separatus, L.
spadicens, Sch.
spectabilis, Fr.
sulfureus. Bull.
tener, Sch.
tenerrimus, B.
terreus, Sch.
tuberosus. Bull.
tumidus, Fr.
vaccinus, P.
velutipes. Curt.
vulgaris, P.

COPRINUS.

comatus, Fr.
micaceus, Fr.
plicatilis, Fr.

Bolbitids.

fragilis, Fr.

CORTINARIUS.

anomalus, Fr.
cinnamomeus, Fr.

Cookei, Opel.
diabolicus, Fr.
elatior, Fr.
hinnuleus, Fr.
ochroleucus, Fr
purpurascens, Fr.

Gomphidius.

roseus, Krom.

Hygrophorus.
conicus, Fr.
hypothejus, Fr.
miniatus, Fr.
psittacinus, Fr.
virgineus, Fr.

Wynnese, B. ^ Br.

Lactarius.

circellatus, Fr.
controversus, P.
deliciosus, i^r.
pyrogalus, Fr.
rufus, Fr.
serifluus, Fr.
subdulcis, Fr.
torminosus, Fr.
vellereus, Fr.

„ var. exsuccus, Sm.

Bussula.

cyanoxantha, Fr.
emetica, Fr.

COED COCH AND COLWYN FUNGI.

77

Rubsula.

fellea, Fr.
fragilis, Fr.
Leteropbylla, Fr.
integra, Fr.
nigricans, Fr.
Qiieletii, Fr.
rubra, Fr.
subfaetens, Sm.

Cantharellus.

aurantiacus, Fr.
cibarius, Fr.

Marasmius.

and rosaceus, Fr.
epiphyllus, Fr.
erythropus, Fr.
Hudsoni, Fr.
oreades, Fr.
peronatus, Fr.

Boletus.

bovinus, L.
chrysenteron, Fr.
edulis, Bull.
elegans, Schum.
felleus, Bull.
laricinus, B.
luteus, L.
pachypus, Fr.
subtonientosus, Fr.

PoLYPORUS.

adustus, Fr.
aneirinus, Fr.
annosus, Fr.
fragilis, Fr.
molluscus, Fr.
picipes, Fr.
rufescens, Fr.
s.^namosus, Fr.
vaporarius, Fr.
versicolor, Fr.
vulgaris, Fr.

D^dalea.

quercina, P.

Fistulina.

hepatica, Fr.

Merulius.

corium, Fr.
pallens, B.

Hydnum.

ochraceum, Fr.
repandum, Fr.

Hydnum.

udum, Fr.

Radulum.

orbiculare, Fr.

Gradinia.

granulosa, Fr.

Craterellus.
crispus, Fr.

Thelephora.

caryophyllea, Fr.
laciniata, Fr.

Stereum.

acerinum, Fr.
purpureum, Fr.
rugosum, Fr.
spadiceum, Fr.

CORTICIUM.

arachnoideum, B. ^ Br.
comedens, Fr.
giganteum, Fr.
incarnatum, Fr.
lasve, Fr.

punctulatum, Cke.
sambuci, Fr.

Peniophora.
cinerea, Fr.
quercina, P.
rimosa, Cke. n.s.
velutiua, Fr.

Cyphella.

villosa, P.

Clavaria.

coralloides, L.
inaequalis. Mull.
rugosa, Bull.

Calocera.

viscosa, Fr.

PiSTILLARIA.

quisquilaris, Fr.

Tremella.

albida, Binds.
mesenterica, Betz.

Hirneola.

auricula-Judaae, Fr.

N^matelia.

encephala, Fr.

Dacrymyces.

stillatus, Nees.
deliquescens, Dub.

Scleroderma.
bovista, Fr.

78

COED COCH AND COLWYN FUNGI.

Phallus.

impiicliciis, L.
Lycoperdon.

saccatum, Vahl.
gemmatum, Fr.
pyriforme, Schff.
Stemonitis.

fusca, Roth.
Tilmadoche.

nutans, R.
Chondrioderma.

floriforme, U.
Arcyria.

punicea, P.
Trichia.

clirysosperma, D.C.
Tubdlina.

cylindrica, Bull.
Cyathus.

striatus, Hoffm.
Crucibulum.

vulgare, Tul.
Phragmidium.

bulbos urn, Schl.
CoLEOSPORIUM.

tussilaginis. Lev.
j.Ecidium.

tussilaginis, P.
Phinotrichdm.

repens, Preuss.

POLYACTIS.

cinerea, Lk.
Zygodesmus.

fuscus, Ca.
AEgerita.

candida, P.
Erysiphe.

horridula. Lev.
Martii, Lk.
Leotia.

lubrica, P.

Peziza.

badia, P.
calycina, Schum.
cinerea, Batsch.
cyathoidea. Bull.
iJalmeniensis, Cke.
firma, R.
leporina, Batsch.
scutellata, L.
stereicola, Cke.

Peziza.

succosa, B.
umbrorum, Fckl.
vinosa, A. ^ >8.
virginea, Batsch.
vulgaris, Fr.

Helotium.

aciculare, Fr.
ceruginosum, Fr.
claro-flavum, Grev.
pruinosum, Jerd.
virgultorum, Fr.

Bulgaria.

sarcoides, Fr.

Rhytisma.

acerinum, Fr.

Nectria.

cinnabarina, Tode.
Ralfsii B. Br.
mammoidea, P. & P.
sinopica, Fr.

Hypocrea.
rufa, Fr.

Hypomyces.

aureo-nitens, Tul.
chrysospermus, Tul.
rosellus, Tul.

Xylaria.

hypoxylon, Grev.

Hypoxylon.

coccineum. Bull.
confluens, Tode.
rubiginosum, Fr.
serpens, Fr.

Diatrype.

disci form is, Fr.
ferruginea, Fr.
nucleata, Curr.
quercina, Fr.
stigma, Fr.

Dothidea.

graminis, P.
pteridis, Fr.

Edtypa.

Acharii, Tul.
fiavo virens, Tul.
lata, Tul.

Valsa.

ambiens, Fr.
stL'llulata, Fr.

COED COCH AND COLWYN FUNGI.

79

SrHAiRIA.

SPHiERIA.

ovina, P.

phseostroma, Mont.
paecilostoma, B. ^ Br.

acuminata, Sow.
aquila, Fr.
innumera, B. ^ Br.
inquilina, Fr.

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Berkeley, M. J. Fungi Brasiliensis, in Warming’s “ Sym-
bolee ad floram Brasiliae,” xxv.

Nordstedt, C. F. O. Desmidiacese, in Warming’s “ Sym-
bolae ad floram Brasilia.”

Cooke, M. C. Report on Salmon Disease, Appendix to Com-
missioners’ Report. C. 2660.

Comes, O. Funghi del Napolitano. Pt. 1, 2.

Wills, A. W. The Structure and Life History of Volvox
globator, in “Midland Naturalist,” Sept., Oct., 1880.

Prentiss, A. N. Destruction of Noxious Insects by means of
Fungoid growths, “ American Naturalist,” Aug., Sept., 1880.

Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Ausfluge in Tirol, xxi.

WiLLE, N. Om en ny endophytisk Alge, in “ Christiana Viden-
skab. Forhand.,” 1880, No. 4.

WiLLE, N. Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Ferskvands-
alger, in “ Christiana Videnskab. Forhandl,” 1880, No. 11.

Cornu, M. Alternance des generationes chez qiielques Uredi-
nees, “ Comptes Rendus,” 12 July, 1880.

Cornu, M. Siir la reproduction des Algues Marines (Bryopsis ),
“ Comptes Rendus,” 15 Dec., 1879.

Dickie, Prof. G. Notes on Algse from the Amazons, “ Linnean
Journal,” No. 108.

Holmes, E. M. On Codiolum gregarium, in “ Linn. Journal,”
No. 108.

Murray, G. On the application of the results of Pringsheim’s
Researches on Chlorophyll to the life of the Lichen, in “ Linnean
Journal,” No. 108.

Stolter FORTH, Dr. H. A Simple Method of Cleaning Diatoms,
in “ Journ, Quekett Micr. Club,” Aug., 1880.

Almquist, S. Monographia Artlioniarum Scandinavim. Synop-
sis, in “ Hedwigia,” No. 8, 1880.

Ihne, Dr. Infectionsversuche mit Puccinia malvacearum, in
“ Hedwigia,” No. 9, 1880.

Winter, Dr. Geo. Mykologisches aus Graubunden, “Hed-
wigia,” No 9, 1 880.

Wartmann & Winter. Schweizerische Kryptogamen,” Cent,
viii.

Gage, S. H. Permanent Microscopic Preparations of Plas-
modium, in “ Amer. Mon. Micr. Journ.,” Sept., 1880.

Philibert. Unenouvelle espece de Neckera, in “ Revue Bryo-
logique,” No. 5, 1880.

Petit, P. De THildebrandtia rivularis, in “ Brebissonia,”
No. 1, 1880.

80

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Miquel, P. Etudes sur les Poussieres organisees de Tatmo-
sphere, “ Breblssonia,” Nos. 1, 2, 3, 1880.

WiTTROCK & Nordstedt. Alg^ aqiisB dulcis exsiccatae.
Fasc. vii.

Leitgeb, H. Ueber die Dumortiera, in “ Flora,” July 11, 1880.

Thumen, F. Diagnosen zu Mycotheca UniYersalis, in “ Flora,”
July 11 and 21, 1880.

Arnold, F. Licbenologisclie Fragmente, in “ Flora,” Aug.
21, 1880.

Fylander, W. Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam Europseam,
in “ Flora,” Sept. 1, 1880.

Massee, G. E. Notes on some of our smaller Fungi, in “ Sci-
ence Gossip,” Oct., 1880.

Lowe, W. F. New Diatom aceous Deposit in North Wales, in
“ Science Gossip,” Oct., 1880.

Ernst, Dr. La Plpizootia de las Moscas. in ‘‘ La Opinion
Nacional” (Caraccas), July 15, 1880.

Ward, M. Preliminary Report on Coffee Leaf Disease.

Petit, P. Spirogyra des Environs de Paris.

“ Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club,” for
1874-6.

Plowright, C. B. On Geaster Coliformis in Norfolk, in “ Gar-
dener’s Chronicle,” Oct. 2, 1880.

Smith, W. G. Fungus Foray in Epping Forest, in “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” Oct. 9, 1880.

Cooke, M. C. Report of Woolhope Club Annual Foray, in

Gardener’s Chronicle,” Oct. 23, 1880.

Phillips, W. New British Discomycetes, in “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” Sept. 4, 1880.

Allen, T. F. The Characese of America, 4to. coloured plates.
Parts. 1, 2.

Van Heurck, Dr. H. Synopsis of the Diatoms of Belgium.
Part 1.

“ Cryptogamic Report of the Botanical Record Club,” for 1879
and 1880.

Farlow, Dr. W. G. On some Impurities of Drinking Water
caused by Vegetable Growths.

Richter, Paul. Zum formenkreis von Gleocystis, in “ Hed-
wigia,” No. 10, 1880.

Passerini, G. Di alcune crittogame osservante sul Tabacco,
‘‘ Atti. Soc. Critt. Ital.,” iii., PI. 1.

Castracane, F. La Grammatopliora longissima, Petit, fra le
Diatomee Italiano, “ Atti. Soc. Critt. Ital.”

Jatta, a. Licheni del Monte Gargano, “ Atti. Soc. Critt.
Ital.,” iii., PI. 1. - ^ ^

Comes, O. Nola sull Agaricus parthenopejus, ‘‘Atti. Soc.
Critt. Ital.,” iii., Pt. 1.

Spegazzini, C. Nova addenda ad Mycologiam Venetam,
“Atti Soc. Critt. Ital.,” iii., Pt. 1.

Oudemans, C. J. a. Revision des Champignons dans les Pays-
Bas, in “des Archives Neerlandaises,” T. xv.

No. 51.J

[March, 1881.

€xm\\u,

A QUAETEELY EECOED OF CEYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITEEATUEE.

CALIFOKNIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke and Dr. W. H. Harkness.

( Continued from page 9.J

The following completes the list of nnd escribed species con-
tained in the collection made by Dr. W. H. Harkness in California
during 1880. Although a large number of the species now de-
scribed belong to the category of imperfect fungi, they cannot be
entirely ignored on that account.

Coxticium pactolinuxn, Cke. <& HarTc.

Aureo-flavum, effusum, crustaceum, indeterminatum, hymenio
Isevi, glabro, friabili, demum fissurato. Sporis globosis ((‘OOy-’OOS
mm. diam.), laevibus, pallide flavibus.

On naked wood of Quercus. (No. 1521.)

A singular species, of a brilliant golden yellow, the surface a
compact mass of globose spores. The bymenium becomes cracked
in drying, and falls away in irregular fragments.

IKEaciroplodia astexina, Cke. & Hk.

Hypopbylla. Maculis radiato-fibrosis, suborbicularibus, atris ;
peritbeciis subglobosis, aggregatis, inter hyphis nidulantibus.

Sporis ovalibus, fuscis (’OOG x ’0035 mm.).

On leaves oi Msidvono {^Arbutus Menziesii). (1317.)

miaciroplodia ovalis, Cke. cfc Hk.

Peritbeciis atris, globosis, semi-liberis, in plagas elongatas col-
lectis. Sporis pallido-fuscis, ovalibus, continuis (‘005 x *004:
mm.).

On Locust twigs. (1589.)

Phoma pini, cke. <6 Hk.

Sparsa, tecta. Peritbeciis minimis, subglobosis, cryptis. Sporis
ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis (-0065 x *003 mm.).

On bark of Coniferw. (1548.)

Scarcely visible, except by slight cracking of the cuticle.

7

82

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

Fhoma capsulaxum, Cke. & Hk.

Erumpens. Peritheciis atris, nitidis, in maculas orbicularibus
congestis. Sporis ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis (*0065 x *0025-
•0028 mm.).

On legumes of Rohinia, (1448.)

Phoma Eucalypti, Cke. <f? Rk.

Erumpens, gregaria. Peritheciis atris, semiliberis, maculas
punctatas formantibus. Sporis elongato-ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis
(•01-’012 X ’0028 mm.).

On inner bark of Eucalyptus globulus. (1476.)

Phoma libxincola, Cke. ^ Hh.

Exigua, gregaria, inter fibrillas nidulans. Peritheciis globosis,
numerosis, atris. Sporis ellipsoideis, continuis, hyalinis (‘OOS-'OOO
X '004 mm.).

On liber of Acacia. (1444.)

Spreading over a considerable surface, imparting a rough ap-
pearance.

Phoma xylostei, Cke. ^ Rk.

Sparsa, punctiformis. Peritheciis atris, subprominulis. Sporis

ellipticis, continuis, hyalinis (*006 *003 mm.).

On twigs of Lonicera hispidula. (1551.)

Hypocenia hexbazum, Cke. cfc Hk.

Caulicola, erumpens. Peritheciis atris, ohtusis, in lineas dis-
positis. Sporis subclavatis, hyalinis, bi-trinucleatis, demum uni-
vel biseptatis (*018 x *0035 mm.).

On stems of Aster. (1373.)

The habit is that of many species of DiaportJie, of which it may
be a condition.

Sphaeropsis maculaefozme, Cke. & Hk.

Epiphyllum. Peritheciis exiguis, atris, subnitidis, in maculas
orbicularibus congestis. Sporis cylindricis, utrinque obtusis,
hyalinis, continuis (*015 X *0035 mm.}.

On leaves of Madrono Arbutus Menziesii. (1318.)

Sphaeropsis amenti, Cke. Sf Hk.

Peritheciis minimis, membranaceis, sparsis, convexis, brunneis.
Sporis ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis (‘01 x *005 mm.).

On catkins of Alnus. ‘ (1375.)

Diplodia Lupini, Cke. d; Rk.

Sparsa. Peritheciis atris, globosis, semiliberis. Sporis ellip-
ticis, utrinque subattenuatis, uniseptatis, medio constrictis, brun-
iieis, cellulis subtriquetris (*028 x ’01 mm.).

On Lupin stems. (1308.)

Diplodia sedicola, Cke. Sf Hk.

Sparsa, prominula, erumpens. Peritheciis subglobosis, atris.
Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, brunneis, medio nec constrictis (*02 x
•0085 mm.).

On Sedum.

(1408.)

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

83

Diplodia cypaxissa, Cke. 8( Hk.

Sparsa, tecta, epidermide elevata. Peritheciis subglobosis, de-
mum depressis, Sporis ellipticis, hyalinis, continuis, demum uni-
septatis, brunneis, medio vix constrictis (•02--022 x ‘009 mm.).

On Cupressus macrocarpus. (1269, 1270.)

Diplodia symphoxicaxpi, Che. Hk.

Sparsa, tecta, vix visibilis. Peritbeciis depressis, sub cuticula
nidulantibus. Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, fuscis, medio fortissime
constrictis, cellulis subglobosis ('022--024 x *011-*012 mm.).

On Symphoricarpus. (1361.)

Diplodia extensa, Cks. & Hjfc.

Gregaria. Peritbeciis subglobosis, atris, sub cuticula nigrofacta
nidulantibus. Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, brunneis, medio con-
strictis (-028 X ‘013 mm.).

On Acer macrophyllum. (1492.)

Diplodia phyllodise, Cke. S(' Ek.

Sparsa. Peritbeciis subglobosis, atris, prominulis, superne nudis.
Sporis elongato-ellipticis, uniseptatis, brunneis, medio nec con-

strictis (•022-’025 X *009 mm.).

On pbyllodia of Acacia. (1251.)

Diplodia lauxina, CJce. <&; Bk.

Epipbylla, sparsa, punctiformis. Peritbeciis convexis, atro-
brunneis. Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, fuscis (•01-’012 x *004
mm.).

On Laurel leaves. (1302.)

Diplodia maculata, Cke. & Hk.

Epipbylla. Maculis irregularibus, fuliginosis, fusco-marginatis.
Peritbeciis applanatis, membranaceis, brunneis. Sporis ellipticis,
pallido fuscis, uniseptatis (*02 x ‘005 mm.).

On living leaves of Madrono. (1316.)

Diplodia pexiglandis, Cke. 4- Ek.

Erumpens. Peritbeciis globosis, atris, demum subliberis. Sporis
ellipticis, uniseptatis, byalinis, medio nec constrictis (*015 x *004
mm.).

On acorns. (1433.)

Dichomexa viticola, Cke. 4" Bk.

Sparsa, erumpens. Peritbeciis atris, subglobosis, prominulis.
Sporis subglobosis, septatis, cellula altera transverse divisis, fuscis
(•008 X ‘006 mm.).

On wild grapevine. (1489.)

Spores sometimes globose, sometimes a little elongated, usually
with one septum, each or one of tbe cells being transversely
divided.

Dichomexa xhuina, Cke. Bk.

Sparsa. Peritbeciis subglobosis, atris, demum denudatis, obtusis.
Sporis ellipticis, triseptatis, cellulis uno alterove transverse divisis,
fuscis (-02 X *008 mm.).

On Rhus triloba.

(1327.)

84

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

Hendersonia Lupini, Che. 4' Hk.

Sparsa, erumpens. Peritheciis subglobosis, prominulis, atris,
obtusis. Sporis arcte ellipticis, hyalinis, demum fuscis, triseptatis
(•016--018 X -0035 mm.).

On Lupinus. (1431.)

Ceuthospoza hxevis-pora,, ' Che. <£• Hk.

Epiphylla. Peritheciis applanatis, in lacinias parvulas dehiscen-
tibus. Nucleo subgeruginoso. Sporis cylindricis, obtusis, hyalinis,
continuis (•01-*014 x ‘003 mm.).

On Heteromeles arbutifolia. (1296 bis.)

Cryptospozium eucalypti, Che. 4" Hh.

Sparsum, punctiforme, epidermide tectum. Sporis fusoideis,
abrupte curvulis, hyalinis (*02 x *0035 mm.).

On twigs oi Eucalyptus globulus. (1286.)

Cryptospozium punctifozme, Cke. (k Hk.

Epiphyllum, sparsum, exiguum, punctiforme, habitu Sphcerelloe
punctiformis. Sporis leniter curvulis, utrinque attenuatis, hyalinis
(•02--092 X *022 mm.).

On leaves of Arbutus Menziesii. (1317.)

Czyptospozium falcatum, Che. 4' S'fc:

Hypophyllum vel amphigenum, punctiforme, in plagas nebu-
losas aggregatum. Sporophoris elongatis, falcatis. Sporis
utrinque attenuatis, hyalinis, leniter curvulis ('02-*023 x ‘002
mm.).

On leaves of Arctostaphylos. (1470, 1372.)

Similar to the last, hut vith the spores produced at the apex and
on one side of long falcate sporophores. Perithecia more densely
aggregated.

Astezoma Dianthi, Cke. 4' Hh.

Maculis irregularibus, cinereis. Peritheciis convexis, hyphis
tenuibus fuscis radiantibus. Sporis minimis, hyalinis, ellipticis
(•005-*006 X *002 mm-).

On stems and leaves of Dianthus. (1451.)

Fhyllosticta innumeza, Che. cL- Hh.

Hypophylla. Peritheciis exiguis, aliis in maculas orbicularibus
dispositis, aliis in plagas maximas gregariis. Sporis ellipticis,
hyalinis, continuis (-0045 x *002 mm.).

On living leaves. (1184.)

Fhyllosticta Gazzyae, Che. Sc Hh.

Epiphylla. Maculis ellipticis, griseis, purpureo-cinctis. Peri-
theciis convexis, prominulis, atris, sub-nitidis. Sporis arcte ellip-
ticis, hyalinis, continuis (•01-*012 X ■002--0025 mm.).

On Garrya elliptica. (1294.)

Fhyllosticta hetezomeles, Che. <k Hh.

Epiphylla. Maculis pallidis, orbicularibus vel confluentibus,
nigro-limitatis. Peritheciis convexis, atris. Sporis ellipticis,
hyalinis, continuis (-008 X *002 mm.).

On leaves of Heteromeles. (1296.)

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

85

Spoiridesmium fumago, Cke., var. umbxinum.

In this variety the general colour is umber brown ; otherwise it
scarcely differs from the common form, which is probably only a
condition of some Capnodium.

On twigs and leaves of Arctostaphylos, (1485.)

Kelicoma fasciculatum, Berk. Sf Curt, in U.S. Exp. Exp.

A very interesting species only previously found in Japan.

On Aawrws leaves. (1508.)

KARKNESSIA, Cke.

Perithecia vera nulla. Sporee ellipticse vel subglobosge, sim-
plicia, opaca, deorsum pedicula hyalina producta, in nucleum con-
glutinata, demum in cirrhos atros erumpentia.

Allied probably to Melaiiconium.

Harknessia eucalypti, Cke.

Epiphylla, vel caulina. Sporis late ellipticis, atro-fuscis (*03 X
•015 mm.) deorsum pedicellatis. Pedicellis aequalibus linearibus,
hyalinis (’04 mm. long). Orificio orbiculari, margine elevato, hin-
illic dentato-lacerato.

On leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus globulus. (1280.)

This curious fungus seems to be related to Melanconium. The
spores resemble most those of an TJromyces^ but they are ejected in
thick black tendrils, immersed in gelatin, and do not become pul-
verulent. There is no proper perithecium, and the tendrils issue
from orbicular openings, the margins of which are elevated into a
kind of collar, and remain after the spores are dispersed, and then
not unlike some Stictis. Chiefly found on the dead leaves, but also
scattered over the young twigs. Its development requires to be
studied in living specimens, and as its host. Eucalyptus globulus, is
becoming widely distributed, this parasite should be sought after,
and its life-history investigated.

Diatxype eucalypti, Cke. & Hk.

Suborbic ularis, convexa, nigra, ostiolis conicis, sulcatis. Ascis
clavatis, longe stipitatis. Sporidiis leniter curvulis, utrinque ob-
tusis, hyalinis (*01 X '0015 mm.).

On branches of Eucalyptus globulus. (1419.)

Diatxype prominens, Ghe. ^ Hk.

Erumpens, oblonga, convexa, nigra, elevata. Ostiolis promi-
nulis, sulcatis. Ascis clavatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis leniter cur-
vulis, utrinque obtusis, hyalinis (*012 -’OIS x '002 mm.).

Oli twigs of Mimulus and Arbutus Menziesii.

(1321, 1580, 1581, 1583.)

Valsa eucalypti, Cke. & Hjc.

Erumpens, subrotunda, convexa, nigra. Peritheciis oblongis.
Ostiolis elongatis, cylindricis, Isevibus, rectis. Ascis clavatis, ses-
silibus. Sporidiis rectis vel leniter curvulis, utrinque obtusis,
hyalinis (•008-'009 X *0015 mm.).

On twigs of Eucalyptus globulus. (1287a.)

Pustules small, consisting of five or six perithecia.

86

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

Diapoxthe phaceliae, Cke. 4' Blc.

Sub-effusa, stroma sub corticum nigricans. Peritlieciis subglo-
bosis, immersis. Ostiolis cylindricis, elongatis, flexuosis. Ascis
clavatis, sessilibus, sporidiis rectis, sublanceolatis, quadri-nu cieatis,
dein uniseptatis _(‘015 X ‘003 mm.).

On branches of Phacelia. (1347.)

Diapoxthe aesculi, Cke Hk.

Corticalis, in plagas elongatas collecta. Peritlieciis globoso-
depressis. Ascis lanceolatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis sub-lanceolatis,
rectis, quadrinucleatis (*018 x '0035 mm.).

On Esculus californica. (1463.)

Sphaexia anisometxa, Cke. & Hk.

Sparsa, erumpens. Peritlieciis hemispherico-prominulis, obtusis,
atris, primo epidermide tectis, demum superne nudis. Ascis cla-
vatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis biseriatis, sublanceolatis, utrinque ro-
tundatis 1-4 septatis, cellula penultima incrassata, hyalinis (*026
X *008 mm.).

On twigs of Mimulus glutinosus (1445) ; on Lonicera involu-
cmto (1499); on Cupressus macrocarpus (1439); on Eucalyptus
globulus (1287) ; on Rubus (1486, 1262) ; on Draccena (1447) ;
and on legumes of Robinia (1237).

The sporidia are at length unequally divided, the upper portion
being the shortest, and consisting of two cells, of which the second
is broadest, the lower portion consisting of three nearly equal cells.
The broad cell only usually nucleate.

Sphsexia acuum, Cke. 4"

Erumpens, hemispherico-prominula. Peritheciis atris, vix papil-
latis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, sub-lanceolatis, utrinque
rotundatis, medio constrictis, 1-3 septatis, quandoque quadrisep-
tatis, hyalinis (*023-*024 x *606 mm.).

On flr leaves. (1349.)

Closely allied to Sphceria anisometra, C. ^ H,

Pleospoxa vitxispoxa, Cke. ^ Hk.

Sparsa, epidermide nigrofacta tecta. Peritheciis globosis,
papillatis, atris. Ascis cylindricis. Sporidiis elongato-ellipticis,
utrinque leniter attenuatis, merenchymaticis, hyalinis (*032 x ‘012
mm.).

On Lonicera. (1311.)

Sphaexella (?) Hosackiae, Cke. ^ Hk.

Sparsa, tecta, punctiformis. Peritheciis globoso-depressis.
Ascis clavatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis (16 ?) numerosis, ellipticis, con-
tinuis, hyalinis (’006 x ‘0025 mm.).

On twigs of Homckia. (1395.)

Sphsexella dxyophila, Cke. ^ Hk.

Epiphylla. Maculis orbicularibus, rubro-brunneis. Peritheciis
brunneis, subimmersis. Ascis clavatis, sessilibus ; sporidiis lanceo-
latis, triseptatis, pallide fuscis (*02 X •0035-’004 mm.).

On leaves of Quercus,

(1471.)

CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

87

Gibbeza ficini, Cke. f Hk.

Ccespitosa, atro-violacea. Peritheciis stipatis, la3vibus, vix
papillatis. Stylo-sporis laaceolatis, obtusis, curvulis, triseptatis,
hyalinis (*03 x '008 mm.).

On bark of Ficus. (1472.)

Asci and sporidia not seen. Stylospores evidently different from
those of G.pulicaris.

Dothidea sequoiae, Che. & Eh.

Foliicola, sparsa, convexa, atra, nitida, minuta, unicellulata.
Ascis late clavatis, sessilibus. Sporidiis biseriatis, lanceolatis,
obtusis, medio constrictis, uniseptatis, binucleatis, hyalinis (*023 x
•0075 mm.).

On leaves of Cupressus. (1182.)

Dothidea zugodisca, Cke. ^ Ek.

Hypophylla. Maculis irregularibus, fuscis. Peritheciis angu-
latis, applanatis, rugosis, congestis. Ascis subclavatis. Spori-
diis supra rotundatis, infra attenuatis, triseptatis, hyalinis (’016-
•017 X *004 mm.).

On leaves of Arbutus Menziesii. (1528.)

Dothidea cozylina, Cke. Sf Ek.

Erumpens, orbicularis, depressa, atra, intus concolor. Ascis
amplis, clavatis. Sporidiis obtuse lanceolatis, medio constrictis,
1-3 septatis, fuscis (-05 X*015 mm.).

On twigs of Corylus rostrata. (1381, 1383.)

Astezina anomala, Cke. ^ Hk.

EjBfusa, atra, velutina. Peritheciis hemisphericis, vel globoso-
depressis ; mycelio intricato fusco nidulantibus ; hinc Ilie setis
rigidis erectis inspersis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biseriatis, lan-
ceolatis, 1-5 septatis, hyalinis (•02-’022 X '004 mm.).

On living laurei leaves. (1461.)

A singular species. Sometimes setse are also found on the peri-
thecia, which then have somewhat the appearance of a miniature
Meliola. Perithecia only *08 mm. in diameter, the setae about
twice as long.

REVUE MYCOLOGIQUE.

We have been solicited to draw attention to the continued pub-
lication of this Journal, and the varied amount of information it
contains. We are glad to recognise all efforts to diffuse myco-
logical knowledge and illustrations of mycological subjects.
Apropos of this we commend to the notice of all connoisseurs in
iconography the recent illustrations of the Journal in question,
specially the figure No. 2 of plate X, which is said to represent
Peronospora viticola. This figure is hardly like the genuine
American Peronospora with which we are acquainted. It certainly
must have degenerated since its visit to Europe, if this be a
genuine portrait.

88

ILLUSTEATIONS OF BEITISH FUNGI.

For obvious reasons, our remarks on this head will be confined
to a statement of facts.

During the last Fungi meeting of the Woolhope Club the sub-
ject of conversation, on one or two occasions, was the desirability of
publishing at a reasonable price, and with as much expedition as
possible, a series of coloured figures of the larger British Fungi,
that is, of the Hymenomycetes. As a consequence such a work has
now been commenced, and it remains with the mycologists of this
country to determine whether it shall be continued with vigour or
not. All particulars as to price, &c., will be found in the advertise-
ment.

It has been proposed that these Illustrations ” should be of uni-
form size with the plates of this journal. That each part shall con-
sist of sixteen 8vo. coloured plates, and that four parts shall, if
possible, be issued during the year. No letter press will accompany
the plates, but this will be compensated by the issue of a second
edition of the first part of the “ Handbook,” uniform in size, which
will be undertaken as soon as circumstances may warrant.

The plates will represent the objects of a natural size whenever
possible, but when reduced the scale of reduction will be named on
the plate. In the same manner when enlarged the magnification
will be stated. As far as possible an uniform scale of 420 diameters
will be adopted for the spaces.

The plates will be numbered consecutively as published, but they
will not be stitched, so that any one may place them in systematic
order as the publication proceeds.

It would hardly have been possible to have issued such a series
of figures in systematic order, and this will not be attempted, but
whenever more than one species is figured on a plate, these will be
closely consecutive species, so as not to interfere with a subsequent
arrangement in accordance with the proposed “ Handbook.'* An
effort will be made to give figures of all the species included in the
British Flora, as far as the end of the Hymenomycetes.

Co-operation will materially lessen the difficulties of the under-
taking, which involves a serious amount of labour and expense.
Only a limited number of copies will be printed, and those who are
willing to encourage the work should send their names at once that
they may receive their copies at the reduced subscription price.
When the number of tivo hundred subscribers is completed the sub-
scription list will be closed, and copies can only be obtained with-
out any reduction in price. The principle of subscription is adopted
only as a guarantee against the major cost of production, and its
advantages are offered to those who are desirous of rendering that
aid.

The first part is already published, and the second is in prepara-
tion. From these an opinion may be formed as to the execution

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.

89

and merit of the work. The attempt is an ambitious one, and it is
sincerely hoped that it may not fail for lack of that small support
which it seeks. Further particulars may be obtained from the
Editor of this Journal.

NOTES ON BRITISH DESMIDS.

By M. C. Cooke.

The most unique and interesting collection of Desmids made by
Mr. A. W. Wills, in the neighbourhood of Capel Curig, during
1880, renders some observations essential as a supplement to our
list in “ Grevillea,” vol. viii., p. 121.

In so far as the forms have yet been identified, this gathering
contained no less than nearly ninety species, some of them new to
the British Flora,” and many of them rare.

Before commencing these observations, it will be necessary to
give some explanation of our Plate 141. It will be remembered
that in 1859 the Rev. R. Y. Dixon proposed Nat. Sci. Rev.,”
vi., p. 464) a new genus, under the name of Tetrachastrum for such
species of Micrasterias as were allied to M. oscitans, and described
a new species under the name of Tetrachastrum mucronatum, of which
our PI. 141, fig. 2 a is the typical form, or very nearly so. It was con-
tended that this was a species quite distinct from Tetrachastrum
oscitans, of which our fig. 2 / is a typical form. Having examined
a collection made by Mr. A. W. Wills, in the neighbourhood of
Birmingham, and a gathering from near Salisbury, we have found
almost every intermediate gradation between these two extremes.
So variable was the contour in the Birmingham gathering that no
two individuals agree entirely with each other. From a large
number of tracings by camera lucida we have selected only a few
which are reproduced at PI. 141, fig. 2 to illustrate our view that
there is in reality no specific difference. Fig. e, which was in
company with fig. a, is more closely related to fig. /, which is T.
oscitans, than to fig. a, which is T. mucronatum. Hence we regard
all as forms of the same variable species. As to the genus Tetra-
chastrum, let each be persuaded in his own mind ; for ourselves we
do not recognize any very strong argument in its favour.

Returning now to the Capel Curig gathering, we have to note
the occurrence of Sphcerozosma i^Spondylosium) ‘pulchellum, Archer,
a species hitherto only found in Ireland.

Ot the species of Euastrum only one calls for special mention,
and that approximates so closely to Euastrum erosum, Lund., that
we do not hesitate to consider it a form of that species. Nothing
can be more accurate and characteristic than the figures of
Lundell, and we feel confidence in trusting to them, although in
this instance we have seen no authentic specimen.

90

NOTES ON BRITISH DESMIDS.

The genus Cosmariim is one in which great care is necessary in
the discrimination of species, but of the following we entertain no
doubt.

Cosmaxium pseudoconnatum, Nordst. (PI. 140, fig. h).

Smaller than any form of Cos. connatum. In size it agrees
completely with Nordstedt’s measurements. It was only recorded
previously in Ireland.

Cosmaxium pseudonitidulum, Nordst.

Not previously recorded in the British Isles.

Cosmaxium tetxachondxum, Lund.

Only found previously in Ireland.

Cosmaxium cyclicum, Lund.

Of which varieties have been recorded in Scotland and Ireland.

Cosmaxium vaxiolatum, Lund.

Recorded in Ireland only, but not uncommon at Capel.Curig.
Cosmaxium Nymannianum, Grunoxo.

Previously recorded in Ireland.

Cosmaxium txuncatellum, Perty.

A minute species only found hitherto in Ireland.

Cosmaxium Kolmiense, Lund.

Not before recorded, except in Ireland, but now found in
England, as well as North Wales.

Cosmaxium quadxum, Lund.

The quincunx arrangement of the nodules is one feature in
which this species differs from C. conspersum. Not previously
recorded in the British Islands.

Cosmaxium galexitum, Nordst.

Not previously recorded in Britain or Ireland,

Cosmaxium oxthostichum, Lund.

Also new to the British Islands.

Cosmaxium sphalexotxichum, Lund.

Another addition to the list of the British Islands.

Cosmaxium coxonatum, Cke. d; Wills.

Frond about as long as broad, or rather shorter ; constriction
deep, linear; segments quadrilateral, narrowest at the base, and
dilated upwards, very slightly convex at the ends, rough all over
with elongated conical granules, arranged in lines (about eight at
the end and four on each side), side view truncate at the ends ; end
view elliptic.

Length -OGS-’O? mm. Breadth, ‘OTd-’OS mm. Isthmus, *02
mm. Side view, *045 mm. broad.

This resembles (7. biretum in form, but the granules are conical
and prominent as in C. Brehissonii. The almost truncate ends, in
front view, have eight of these conical projections, which impart a
coroneted appearance. In side view the ends are also truncate,
which would be sufficient to distinguish it from closely allied
species, and the regular elliptic ends separate it distinctly from

GREVILLEA

PL. 141.

GREVILLEA

PL. 140.

f-^. Staurastrum long-iopinum
h. Gosmarium pseudooonnatu-m. i-k. Staiurastr'um aversum

NOTES ON BRITISH DESMIDS.

91

Cosm. hiretum. By many features this seems to be entitled to rank
as a distinct species.

Cosmaxium cambxicum, Che. & Wills.

Frond longer than broad ; constriction linear ; segments quadri-
lateral, narrowed from the base, sides with two sinuations, and one
in the centre of the end, the latter rather the broadest. Side view,
segments oval, narrow, rounded at the ends, with a shallow con-
striction. End view elliptical.

Length, 'OdG-’OdS mm. Breadth at the base, ’OSG-’OSS mm.,
at the end, *02-*022 mm.

Allied to C. tetragonum and C. Nymannianum, from both of which
it differs in the character of the sides and ends, and the number of
sinuations. It has been found in two or three stations in North
Wales, but not elsewhere. The empty frond seems to be minutely
punctate.

Cosmaxium globosum, Buln. var.

Empty frond, punctate, with a distinct border, the punctge in
diagonal lines. End view circular.

Length, -035 mm. Breadth, *022 mm. Breadth at constriction,
•019 mm.

Of the species of Staurastrum one of the most noteworthy is —
Stauxastxum Bxasiliense, Nordst.

A large and beautiful species, of which numerous specimens
were found, quite new to the British Islands (PI. 140, figs, d, e).

Stauxastxum axctiscon, Ehr.

Not uncommon in the gathering, previously found in Ireland,
but now for the first time in Britain.

Stauxastxum ophiuxa, L^md.

Uniformly with eight arms (PI. 140, figs, a, 5, c) only recorded
hitherto in Connemara.

Stauxastxum cexastes, Lund.

A most distinct species, which cannot be confounded with any
other. Bare in the present gathering. Becorded by Mr. Archer
in Ireland.

Stauxcistxum avexsum, Lund.

Similar in many respects to Staurastrum hrevispina^ Breb. Pre-
viously recorded in Ireland (PI. 140, figs, q h).

Stauxastxum gxande, Lund.

A large species (PI. 140, fig. 4) not before in the British list.
In the majority of the specimens there is a very minute papilla on
each side of either segment, and consequently at the three angles
of the end view. This form is not represented on the plate, indeed
the minute papillae were not observed until after the plate was
printed.

Stauxastxum longispinum, Bailey.

The form found and figured (PI. 140, fig. 9) is the same as that
of Northern Europe, and not exactly that of the United States, It
had already occurred in Ireland.

92

NOTES ON BRITISH DESMIDS.

Staurastrum pseudofurcigexum, Reinsch.

Is now recorded for the first time in the British Islands.

Stauxastrum Sebaldi, Reinsch. var.

The variety of this species figured (PI. 139, fig. 5) differs from
the typical form in its longer arms, but not apparently in any other
essential points. The species has been found in Ireland.
Stauxastrum Pxingsheimii, Reinsch.

Also found previously in Ireland, but not hitherto in Britain.
Stauxastrum megacanthum, Lund.

x\ppears to be entirely new to the British Islands.

Stauxastrum paxadoxum, Meyen. var. B. longipes, Nordst.

This peculiar variety also occurred at Capel Curig.

Stauxastrum anatinum, Che. & Wills (Pi. 139, fig. 6).

Segments in front view broadly fusiform; rough with prominent
granules, which are truncate on the outer margin ; processes
elongate, rough, terminated with minute spines. End view
triradiate, processes elongate, rough, slightly and gradually
concave, nodules at the centre truncate.

Length *05 mm. Breadth, including the processes, *1 mm.
Breadth at the sinus, *02 mm. Length of the processes, '025 mm.

Allied to S. Sehaldi, but differs in the front view in the broadly
fusiform segments, and the upward, rather than downward, direc-
tion of the processes, hence, the third process is usually visible on
one or both segments in the front view.

Docidium nodosum, Bailey. (PI. 141, fig. 1).

The occurrence of this extraordinary form for the second time
in North Wales is noteworthy, the first being at Barmouth, where
also it was found by Mr. A. W. Wills, in the year 1867.

This enumeration is confined to the Capel Curig collection. We
have notes on species from other localities during the past year,
some of which are new to Britain, but these must be postponed
until a succeeding number.

LONDON CATALOGUE OF BRITISH MOSSES AND
HEPATIC^ *

Bryologists will be glad to learn that the Botanical Record Club
has issued a second edition of this useful catalogue brought up to
date. It is in two forms — one, printed on both sides of the paper,
and one, printed on one side only.

It is unnecessary for us to attempt any commendation, for a
catalogue of this kind will commend itself, being, in fact, a neces-
sity for all who are interested in British Bryology. It is neatly
and clearly printed, and shows the comparative rarity or frequency
of each species by means of a census indicating its distribution
through the eighteen Watsonian Provinces of Great Britain.

* London : D. Bogue, 3, St. Martin’s Place.

93

NEW BEITISH FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

{Continued from Vol. VIII., p. 11.)

The following includes only a few of the additions found during
the past year. Messrs. Berkeley and Broome have others to record,
and until this is done any others which may have come to our
knowledge may be postponed.

Agaricus (Amanita) virosus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 18.

White, pileus conical, then expanded, acute, glutinous ; margin
repand, even ; stem stuffed, cylindrical above the bulbous base,
torn into scales ; volva thick and floccose, as well as the ring which
adheres in shreds at the margin of the pileus ; gills free, linear-
lanceolate. Fries Svamp, t. 84 ; Cooke Illust., t. 1.

In Mr. Hartcup’s Plantation, Bungay, in company with Mr. D.
Stock (1865), also at Forres (Rev. J, Keith.)

Although the drawing has been in my possession so long, it has
not been recorded, by some oversight, until its reproduction for the
illustrations brought it again to mind. Several specimens were
found on the above occasion, the largest nearly 8 inches high. The
conical pileus, appendiculate margin, and scaly stem, are very char-
acteristic.

Agaricus (Amanita) magnificus, -Fn Hym. Eur., p. 25.

Already recorded for Scotland. It was found about 12 years
since at Highgate, two or three times during one autumn, but has
not been seen since. Not being acquainted with the above species
until recently, it has not been recorded, but the figure then drawn
is reproduced in the “ Illustrations,” and the Rev. M. J. Berkeley
coincides in regarding it as exactly the species of Fries.

Agairicus (Txicholoma) atrosquamosus, Chev. Fung, et Byss. Ulus.

Gregarious. Pileus convex then flattened, umbonate, pallid
cinereous, squamulose ; margin rather woolly, squamules of the
pileus small, black ; gills ventricose, emarginate, rather thick,
scarcely crowded, stem stuffed, fibrillose, white, with a few small
black squamulose points about the apex ; base slightly thickened.

In grassy places. Dorking, Nov., 1880.

Pileus about 2 inches, stem 2^-3 inches long, -1 inch thick. In
some respects resembling Ag. terreus and Ag. argyraceus, to which
it is allied. Exactly like Chevallier’s figures.

Agairicus (Psilocybe) udus, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 298.

Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, dry, riigulose, growing
pale, stem elongated, thin, tough, fibrillose, ferruginous down*
wards, gills affixed, ventricose, lax, whitish, then becoming purplish.

In swampy places, amongst Sphagnum and Polytrichum. Plenti-
ful in Epping Forest. Nov., 1880.

94

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

Pileus f-1 inch broad, becoming flat like a button, ochraceous
when dry. Stem 4 inches long, stiff and Arm, the lower portion
ferruginous. When rooting amongst Sphagnum the stem is
attenuated to 6 or 7 inches.

Corticium punctulatum, CTce., in “ Grevillea ” VL, p. 132.

Persistently white, effused, thin, indeterminate, circumference
and substratum floccose, of a snowy white. Hymenium at first
punctulate, at length smooth and even. Spores globose^(-006 mm.
diam.).

On chips, &c. Colwyn Bay.

Distinguished from all other white species by the rather large
globose spores.

Peniophora ximosa, Che.

At first yellowish-white, then ochraceous in the centre, effused,
indeterminate, closely adnate, minutely velvety. Hymenium
cracked into minute areolae, the larger of these exposing the
matrix. Hymenial processes most abundant, often in clusters
(•05-‘07 X '01 mm.), hyaline, rough nearly to the apex.

On bark. Colwyn Bay.

Externally it bears so close a resemblance to Corticium BerTce-
leyi, C., that when collected it was believed to be that species, but
its substance is thicker and firmer, and it is further distinguished
by the presence of the processes characteristic of the genus.

Cyphella cyclas, Cke. & Phil.

Conchiformis, dimidiata, pendula, albida, tomentosa (i in. lata),
hymenio laevi, carneo, sporis allantoideis (-007 x *002 mm.).

On dead wood. Ely (W. Marshall, Esq.).

Resembling a small bivalve shell, about half an inch broad, or
less, attached on one side and pendulous. Externally whitish, clad
with flexuous hairs, some of which are smooth and others rough.
The hymenium when fresh of a beautiful pink flesh colour and
smooth. Spores minute, slightly curved and sausage-shaped.
Phyllosticta magnolise, Sacc. Mich, i., p, 139.

Epiphyllous, spots variable in form, becoming whitish, not mar-
ginate. Perithecia punctiform, lens-shaped. Spermatia oblong-
ovoid, unequal, •008-’012 x '003-'0045 mm., hyaline.

On leaves of Magnolia grandijiora. Kew.

Xsaria fuciformis, Berlt., in Linn. Joum., xiii., p. 175.

Pallid (bright rosy red), slender, filiform, sparingly branched,
branches acute, spores very minute, globose.

On grass. Ashford, Kent. Mr. W. R. Jeffrey.

At first found in Australia, and now detected plentifully on grass
in this country. Identified by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley with his
Australian specimens, although of a bright red, almost like coral,
about half an inch high when full grown.

Apiospoxium abietis, Cice.

Efi*usum, atrum, velutinum. Hyphis mycelloideis atrobrunneis.
Peritheciis globosis, exiguis (•! mm. diam.). Ascis clavatis
(*02 X *007 mm.). Sporidiis ellipticis, hyalinis (*005 x '002 mm.).

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

95

On twigs of living spruce. Glencorse and Penicuik, N.B.
Investing the young twigs with a black incrustation resembling
soot, in which the perithecia are seated. The subiculum consists
of an irregular mass of brown cells, resembling a low form of
Sporidesmium.

CHARACEM AMERICAN^.*

The Characece have fortunately suffered from their lack of close
consanguinity with other cryptogams. Not accepted as Algae, the
Algologists have not considered them as coming within their pro-
vince. Bryologists, Filicologists, &c.,have all disregarded them,
and hence the Characece have been outcasts. It is satisfactory,
therefore, to find not only that we have acquired for the British
Isles patrons who are taking them under their charge, but also that
in the United States Dr. Allen is working in the same direction.
The monograph, with coloured plates, of which two parts are issued,
is now supplemented by a fasciculus of dried specimens, including
ten species, which is to be followed by others. It is to be hoped
that the venture will be encouraged.

The species contained in the first fasciculus are : —

Nitella tenuissima, Desv., forma brevifolia.

Nitella intermedia, Nordst.

Nitella megacarpa, Allen.

Chara intermedia, Br., forma tenuior.

„ intermedia, var. Americana Br.

„ contraria, Br., forma hrachyphylla.

„ sejuncta, Br., forma elongata.

,, coronata, Br., var. Schweinitzii.

„ gymnopus, Br., var. Michauxii.

„ hydropitys, Br., var. septentrionalis, N.

ON THELEPHORA LYCII. Pers.

By M. C. CooKE.f

The species of Corticium have, unfortunately, had the reputation
of being ill defined and difficult to comprehend, and hence they
have been much neglected. Those who devote themselves to the
study of Agarics, Boleti, and Polypori consider them beyond the
range of their activities, and those who study the micro-fungi dis-
card them as being outside their sphere, and hence no one devotes
to them the attention they deserve. I have already shown on
a former occasion how, by attention to microscopical features, the

* Characese Americanae Exsiccatae, distributae aT. F. Allen, M.D., pars. 1.

t Prepared for the Meeting of the Woolhope Club, Oct., 1880.

96

ON THELEPHORA LYCII.

genus may be numerically reduced, and their study facilitated. I
have now to direct attention to a single species which has been
long overlooked.

Persoon, in his “Mycologia Europsea,” described (p. 248) a
species of Thelepliora, following cinerea^ which he called Thelephora
Lycii, found on the dry branches of Lycium barharum. Sub-
sequently Desmazieres published in his “ Exsiccati ” what he con-
sidered the same species, on branches of the Lilac, adding that he
had found it also on the Ash. Many years ago I found the same
species on the Ash, but not having seen the specimens issued by
Desmazieres, these always remained without a name, as I could not
refer them to any species with which I was acquainted. This year
I have met with them again, but this time on the Lilac, in Kew
Gardens.

By comparison I am satisfied that my specimens are identical
with those published by Desmazieres. I have no direct evidence
of the species being that of Persoon, but the presumptive evidence
is strong in its favour.

Fries appears to have known the Thel. Lycii P. only by repute,
for he had not seen specimens. In his Elenchus, under “ Thele-
phora limitata,^’ he says Th. 'Lycii is possibly referable to this
species. On the next page he includes it amongst his uncertain
forms, which he considered as imperfect states of the species he
had previously described.

That Fries was wrong I think manifest from the fact that what
is I believe an authentic specimen of Corticium limitatum in the
Berkeley herbarum is a species of Peniophora with the character-
istic bodies on the hymenium, and there are none of these on
Thel. Lycii, although the hymenium is perfectly mature. From
this I conclude that the species are not identical. It is true that
the description of Cort. violaceo-liviclum is very like Cort. Lycii,
but specimens of that plant have a very dilfferent appearance. I
am, therefore, strongly of opinion that this which I consider to be
the Thelephora Lycii, Pers., cannot be referred to any European
species, and is in itself distinct.

Persoon says of it briefly, “ sub-orbicularis, crassiuscula, con-
fluens, glabra ; papillis minutis subcongestis.” He afterwards adds
in a note that the single individuals are half an inch broad, sub-
rugose, with the margin sub-repand, whitish, becoming cinereous,
subpulverulent.

It is characterised by growing in small discoid patches in.
in diameter, with at first a whitish byssoid circumference, of a pale
rosy grey tint, papillate in the centre, and cracking when old.
There is a tendency to grow around the old pustules of a Sphceria
after the manner of C. polygonium. But it is thinner and more
delicate, and of a difi'erent colour to C. polygonium, to which it
has really the nearest external resemblance.

To C. cinereum it could not be referred, as that is also a Penio-
phora. I have carefully compared it with all the forms of allied

ON THELEPHORA LYCII.

97

species of Corticium found in Europe, and cannot feel satisfied to
include it with any of them, but to recognise it as Corticium Lycii
of Persoon, for all the species of Corticium were included by him
under Thelephora. It is at least the Thelephora Lycii of Des-
mazieres, for of this authentic specimens place it beyond doubt,
and it has been found on precisely the same plant. Whether of
Persoon or Desmazieres the name is the same, and it must be left
to the conscience of mycologists to determine the rest.

SOME EXOTIC FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

The majority of the fungi enumerated in the following list are
in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens at Kew. Many of them
liave been recently received. The names of species already de-
scribed are only enumerated for places where our knowledge of
the Mycologic Flora is scanty.

Mauritius.

Iientinus calvescens, Berh.

(No. 6.)

Lentinus exilis, KL

(No. 9.)

Lentinus stuppeus, Kl.

(No. 14.)

Iienzites applanata, Fr.

(No. 5.13.)

Lenzites deplanata, Fr.

(No. 12.)

Folypoxus (Pleuxopus) flabellifoxmis, N.

(No. 4.)

Polypoxus (Pleuxopus) afiinis, Nees.

(No. 3.)

Folypoxus (Pleuxopus) amboinensis.

(No. 17.)

Folypoxus (Pleuxopus) sanguineus, Fr.
Folypoxus (Pleuxopus) popanoides, Cke.

(No. 7.)

Pileo carnoso, fragili, albo, glabro, tuberculoso, magno. Stipite
laterali, brevi, crasso, solido ; margine incurvo, flexuoso : poris
curtis, minutis, integris, albo -pallescentibus.

On the ground (?). Mauritius, No. 15.

Pileus nine inches in diameter and one inch thick in the centre,
whitish, resembling a large cracknel biscuit. Substance soft, re-
sembling that of P. sidfureus. Stem lateral, nearly two inches
long, and one inch thick, probably growing from rotten wood.

Folypoxus (Anodermei) betulinus, Fr.

Polypoxus (Flacodexmei) xubiginosus, Berk. (21.)

A curious proliferous form.

Polypoxus (Flacodexmei) nigxolaccatus, Che.

Pileo flabellieformi, convexo-plano, suberoso-lignoso, sulcato-
rugoso ; margine crispato, castaneo-nigrescente, laccato, nitido, dein
opaco ; intus molli, floccoso ; poris pallidis, demum umbrinis,
rotundis, minimis.

8

98

SOME EXOTIC FUNGI.

On wood. Mauritius, No. 2.

Pileiis 8 by 5 indies, inches thick behind, attenuated out-
wards, sometimes pendulous. At first laccate, and resembling
some of the sessile forms of P. lucidus, but in many features quite
distinct.

Polyporus (Inodermei) caperatus, B, (No. 19.)

Trametes hystrix, Cke.

Pileo suberoso, applanato, azono, fusco, setis rigidis, compressis,
atro-fuscis strigoso, intus pallide fusco ; poris mediis, rotundis,
lequalibus, obtusis, fuscis (-7 mm. diam), dissepimentis crassis.

On trunks. Mauritius, No. 1.

Allied to T. liydnoides and T. fibrosa, but pores much larger
than in either. Pileus 4-5 inches by 2^ inches, about 1^ inch
thick behind, margin acute.

Trametes ungulatus, Beriz.

Favolus hepaticus, Kl.

Cyclomyces fuscus, Kze.

Hydnum ochraceum, Fr.

Cladoderris dendritica, P.

Stereum lobatum, Kze.

Kirneola auricula- Judaae, Fr.

Andaman Islands.

Collected by the late S. Kurz.

Polyporus grammocephalus, B.

Polyporus Curreyi, Be7’k.

Lentinus exilis, Kl.

Zientinus revelatus. Berk.

Lenzites repanda, Fr.

West Africa.

Kydnum (Apus) durescens, CJce.

Pallido-fulvum. Pileo coriaceo-lignoso, tenui, undulato, striato,
concentrice subzonato, glabro, durescente ; margine acuto,
flexuoso; aculeis rigidis, crassiusculis, brevibus, obtusis, regularibus,
(1^-2 mm. long.)

On wood. West Africa (Mann. No. 9.)

Allied to II. glabrescens. Berk. 3-3^ inches broad, 2Jin. long,
substance thin but hard. Hymenium rather darker than the
pileus. A most distinct and characteristic species, with the habit
of a Polyporus.

Jamaica.

Ustilago strumosa, Cke.

Stroma nodulosa, globosa, dura, pallida, punctata, scleroti-
formis, intus concolor. Sporis in periphericis, sub cuticula ge-
rentibus, olivaceis ; sub lente globosis, ovalibus, ovoideis, regu-
laribus, vel sub-irregularibus (•006-’008 mm. diam.) olivaceo-
brunneis, episporio tenui, l^vi.

(No. 18.)

(No. 8.)
(No. 11.)

SOME EXOTIC FUNGI,

99

On Chusquea ahietifolia. Jamaica.

A very singular and interesting species, forming hard globose
nodules (6-8 millemetres diam.) on the culms of the grass.
Corynelia uberata, F)\

Xylaria Domingeusis, B,

Cercospora coffeicola, Berlc. efe Che.

Hypophylla. Maculis amphigenis, orbicularibus, albidis, pur-
pureo-cinctis. Hyphis brevibus, fasciculatis, olivaceis Sporis
subcylindricis, hyalinis, 2-3 septatis, paucis (’Od-'OG x *0035 mm.).

On coffee leaves.

Venezuela.

Sphaerella Fsammisiae, Che.

Epiphylla. Maculis orbicularibus, hinc illic confluentibus,
magnis, pallidis, rubro-cinctis. Peritheciis paucis, subprominenti-
bus, atris ; ascis clavatis, sessilibus ; sporidiis biseriatis, ellipticis,
imequaliter uniseptatis, hyalinis (’015 X005 mm.).

Oli leaves of Fsammisia pendalifera. Caracas (Dr. Ernst).

India.

Folyporus (Inodermei) aethiops, Che.

Nigrescens. Pileo coriaceo, convexo, rigidi, breviter velutino,
intus purpureo-fusco, postice adnato-decurrente, poris minutis,
rotundatis, regularibus, ith. mm. diam, dissepimentis crassiusculis.
On bark. India (1225.)

Pileus from to 1 inch broad. Substance of a dark purple
brown. Externally becoming entirely black when dry.

Brazil.

Communicated hy M. Glaziou.

Agaxicus (Lepiota) gracilentus, Fr. (9141 )

Agaricus (Lepiota) mastoideus, Fr. (9 142.)

Agaxicus (Lepiota) procerus, Fr. var. (9144.)

Agaricus (Lepiota) flavido-rufus, B. Sf Br. (9145.)

Agaricus (Collybia) radiculosus, Che.

Pileo carnoso, tenui, convexo -plano, obtuso, glabro ; stipite
farcto, radicato, superne attenuato ; lamellis adnexis, subconfertis,
albidis.

Un wood (?) (9149.)

Pileus 1-J to 2 in. broad ; stem. 2 inches long, attenuated up-
wards, gibbous below, then suddenly contracted and rooting.
Apparently caespitose, and nearly white.

Agaricus (Fsalliota) insinuatus, Che.

Pileo carnoso, ex ovato expanso, obtuse umbonato, fusco,
squamis latis adpressis tecto, margine primo infracto, fibrilloso-
striato ; stipite crasso, abrupte bulboso, subradicato ; annulo fibril-
loso, evanido. Lamellis subliberis, latis, ventricosis,fusco-purpureis.

Oli the'ground (?) Rio Janeiro. (9146.)

100

SOME EXOTIC FUNGI.

Pileiis 4-5 inches, stem 4 inches high, ^ in. thick, squamnlose to
the middle, with a large fleshy nmbo. Stem, with an abrupt
bulbous base, contracted below and rooting. Veil only a few
fibrils attached to the stem. Resembling Ag. hcemorrhoidalis in
size and appearance, but the ring is almost obsolete, whereby it
approaches Hypholoma, as well as by the almost attached gills.
Agaricus (Psilocybe) fortunatus, Cke.

Pileo carnosulo, campanula! o-expanso, obtuso, Isevi. Stipite
erecto, rigido, fistuloso, fusco, lineato- striato, ad basim vix in-
crassato. Lamellis adnatis, vix confertis, atro-fnscis. Sporis
amygdaljeformibus, purpureis (’018 X '009 mm.).

On the ground. Rio Janeiro. (No. 9150.)

Pileus in. broad and high. Stem 6 inches long, i in. thick,
rigid, marked with longitudinal lines. Doubtless larger when
fresh. A fine species.

Panus subtorulosus, Cke.

Pileo e carnoso-lento coriaceo, inaequalis, excentrico dimidia-
toque, breviter velutino (sicco fusco), margine incurvo, postice in
stipitem distinctum tomentosum porrecto, lamellis decurrentibus,
angustissimis, confertis, concoloribus.

Rio Janeiro. (9153.)

Forming dense clusters springing from a thick common base,
each pileus J to 1 in. broad, with a distinct velvety stem nearly an
inch long. Gills very narrow, and much crowded, deeply decur-
rent. Allied to Panus quaquaversus, B.

Polypoxus (Inodexmei) sepiatex, Cke.

Pileo suberoso, convexo, concentrice sulcato, primo striato,
demum glabro, atro-umbrino, intus pallido -lignoso, poris elongatis
(2^-3 m.) minutissimis, rotundatis, obscurioribus.

On branches. (12340.)

Pileus 1-1 J in. wide, 1-1^ in. long, entire, thickness about one-
eighth of an inch. Somewhat resembling P. sideroides, Lev., but
entirely sessile, and not velvety. The pores are so minute as to be
scarcely visible under a pocket-lens. The dark sepia-brown colour
justifies the name of sepiater.

Polypoxus fulvi-tiuctus, a

On trunks. (12329.)

Beccaxia caespitosa, Cke.

Pileo coriaceo, multiplici, infundibuliformi, e variis lobis stipiti-
busque confluentibus oriundo, sursum striato, glabro ; margine
lobulato ; hjmenio papillas acutas in lineas parallelibus ornato.

On the ground (?). Rio Janeiro.

Tufts 3-4 inches broad, 2 inches high. No indication is given of
the colour in a fresh state, hence the diagnosis is imperfect. The
papillae of thehymenium shrink in drying, so as to be almost imper
ceptible, but assume the form of teeth, arranged in parallel lines
when moistened. A very curious fungus, referred with some hesi-
tation, to the genus instituted by Baron V. de Cesati.

SOME EXOTIC FUNGI.

101

Hymenochaete tuberculosa, Che.

Tota resupinata, crassa, durissima, tuberculosa, purpureo-
umbrina, subtus ferruginea. Setis sparsis, rigidis, acutis (‘Ob-'OG x
•008 mm.).

On bark. Rio Janeiro. (12332.)

Extending in a thick, hard tuberculated crust for several inches.
Most nearly related to H. corticolor, B. & C., but thicker, harder,
and different in colour.

Stereum portentosum, B. ^ C.

On bark. (12333 )

Midotis regularis, Cke.ti; Phil.

Erumpens. btipite brevi, ramoso ; ramulis brevissimis.
Cupulis concavis, fuscis, punctatis ; margine inflexo. Hymenio
obscuriore, lievi. Ascis cjlindraceis. ISporidiis ellipticis (’01-
*013 X ‘OOJ-'OOb mm.) Parapliyses linearibus.

On rotten wood. Rio Janeiro. (9162.)

WITTROCK AND NORDSTEDT’S ALG^.

The seventh fasciculus of Wittrock and Nordstedt’s “ Algm
aquee dulcis exsiccatje ” includes the following new species of
Desmids, chiefly Brazilian: —

Eesmidium laticeps, Nordst.

Habitu Desmidio cylindrico (Grev.), simile at latitudo cellu-
larum longitudine circiter triplo (vel sub-quadruplo) major est,
latitudo marginis, apicalis circiter diametro transversalis
cellulae, crassitudo cellulae fere dimidium longitudinis.

Var. a ellipticum.

Long •023-’028 mm., lat. -OyG-'OfSmm. crass., -ObG'-ObS mm.,
isthm. *07 mm-

Var. quadrangulare.

Long •02-*023 mm., lat. •076-*082 mm. crass., '054-‘06 mm.,
isthm. ‘068 '074 mm.

In freshwater. Brazil.

Closterium subcostatum, Nordst.

Habitu Cl. costato (Ralfs, t. 29, f. 1), simile, sed brevius,
diametro 5-plo longius, apicibus angustioribus obtusis, membrana
(rufa) costis longitudinalibus 11-12, in ipso apice rotundato nullis,
nucleis amylaceis secundum observationes A. Lofgren factas sparsis,
locello apicali parvo corpuscula 1-5 includente.

Lat, 05-06 mm., long •25-‘3 mm., lat. apic. •012-'014 mm.

In clay ditches. Brazil.

Allied to dost. Isis, Cohn (Desm., Bong., t. xi, f. 15), in which
the disposition of the amylaceous nuclei are not noted, but more
curvate.

102

WITTROCK AXD NORDSTEDt’s ALG.E .

Closterium subtuzgidum, Nordst,

Habitu Glost. turgidi, sed majus et prae longitudinem crassius,
nucleis multis sparsis, membrana dilute fuscescente subtiliter
striata, striis 6-7 in ‘Ul mm., apicibus rectis magis truncatis et
membrana incrassata ornatis s«epe rufescentibus.

Lat. '082 X '1 mm., long wd-'l mm., lat. apic. ’02 mm.

In fresh water. Brazil.

Clostexium laterale, Nord^t. v

Leviter semilunare, lineari-lanceolatnm, diametro 8-11 pio
longius, ventre late subtumidum, utroque polo sensim attenuatum,
apicibus truncatis, membrana parum colorata subtilissime striata,
striis fegre conspicuis, laminis cliloropb}dlaceis circ. 5 sublatera-
libus nucleos amylaceos multos in quaque lamina in seriem uni-
cam ordinatos includentibus, locello apicali granulis (circ. 10)
repletis,

Diam, ’OS-’OC mm,, long '4b-'b3 mm. lat., apic. circ. -008 mm.

In river, Brazil.

Allied to Cl. acerosum, var. subangusium (Klebs.), Cl. Ralfsii
(Breb,), Cl. angustum (Hantsch), Cl hirudo (Delp), Cl. decorum
( Breb.), but differing in the amylaceous granules not being unise-
riate or central,

Cosmazium binum, Nordst.

Diametro quarta, 1. quinta parte longius, medio profunde con-
strictum, sinu lineari angustissime (extremo ampliato) ; semi-cellulse
pyramidatae apice late truncato 6-crenatae, angulis inferioribus
rotundato-obtusis, lateribus modice convexis crenatis, crenis circ.
10 (bigranulatis), supra isthmum tumore plus minus circulari 1.
elliptico granulato, granulis in series circ. 7 verticales apicibus
convergentes, dense ordinatis et infra magis sparsis vel in 2
series horizontales positis ornatae, ad marginem versus granulatae,
granulis radiatim et concentrice dispositis in seriebus (2-3), in-
terioribus singulis, ceteris binis; a latere visse tumore basili ; a
vertice oblongae medio utrinque tumidae. Latitudo isthmi latitu-
dine apicis modo paullo minor ; nucleo amylacei bini.

Lat. *07-* 072 mm. long -OdG-’OO mm., lat. isthm. •021-’024
mm.

Cosmazium quazteznazium, Nordst.

Paulo longius quam latius, medio profund econstrictum, sinu
lineari (interne paullum dilatato), extremo ampliato; semi-
cellulae subtrapezic^e basi subreniformi, apice late truncatee granulis
nullis, angulis inferioribus obtuso-rotundatis, superioribus rotun-
datis, lateribus paullo convexis, granulato-crenatis, membrana
granulis sub- parvis ex apice radiantibus ornata, in area magna
centrali sub-circulari-elliptica, granulis inter se jugis connexis,
unde scrobicLilse fiunt ; a vertice Ausse ellipticie granulis e centro
non granulato radiantibus ; a latere circulares. Massa cliloro-
phyllacea e laminis 4 parietalibus nucleis amylaceis singulis for-
mata.

WITTROCK AND NORDSTEDT’s ALG.E,

103

Lat. 'OSS-'OGS mm., long •068-*072 mm., crass. -OSS-’O! mm.,
lat. istlim. •02--024 mm.

With the habit of Cosm. Brehissonii, as figured by Delponte
(t. ix, f. 17-22), but differing in the granules and the disposition
of the chlorophyll.

NEW JERSEY FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke and J. B. Ellis.

Polypoxus (Resupinatus) fumosogxiseus, C. Sf E.

Effusus, coriaceus, tenuis, mycelio mucedino albo, floccoso ; mar-
gine albo, sublibero, poris curtis, irregularibus, angulatis, subcon-
fluentibus, fumoso-griseis, acie primo albidis, dissepimentis tenuibus.
On bark of Juglans. (3409.)

The hymenium shrinks and cracks in drying, exposing the white
substratum, somewhat resembling P. viridans^ B. & Br., but darker,
and of a different colour.

Hydnum (Resupinatum) pallidum, C. ^ E.

Albidum, effusum ; subiculo membranaceo, molli, margine villoso;
aculeis gracilibus, acutis (vix 1 mm. long), hinc illic confertis,
candidis demum fuscescentibus.

On rotten wood of Quercus. (3118.)

Seems to be quite distinct from H. mucidum^ P., and H. diapha-
num, Schrad.

Odontia fusca, C. J E.

Effusa, membranacea, costis rhizomorpheis percursa, pallida,
ambitu fibri lloso- radiato ; verrucis minutis, confertis, granulatis,
apice multifidis, demum fuscescentibus, dein intense umbrinis,
fatiscentibus.

Oli rotten wood. (3429.)

With the habit of 0. fimbriata, but of a bright clear brown,
becoming quite dark and cracking when old.

Grandinia tabacina, C. 4’ E.

Ceracea, late effusa, adglutinata, tabacina ; ambitu subradiante ;
granulis confertissimis, inaequalibus, haemisphericis, mollibus, sporis
globosis.

On Juniperus virginiana. (3086.)

Colour of Hymenochcete tabacina. Habit that of Grandinia
granulosa.

Coxticium effuscatum, ۥ 4* B.

Effusum, incrustans, aureofulvum, absque pellicula, ambitu con-
colore ; hymenio pulverulento, fragili, fatiscente, fuscescente.
Sporis profusis, globosis, laevibus, hyalinis (-006 mm. diam.).

On rotten log. (3401.)

Its only near ally is Corticium pactolinum, C. & H. These agree
in the fragile pulverulent hymenium, and profuse globose spores.

104

RELIQUiE LIBERTIANiE

DISCOMYCETES,

By M. C. Cooke and W. Phillips.

Peziza (Acetabula) vulgaris, Fr. 547.

,, (Coclilearia) badia, P. 902, 909.

,, ( ?, ) abietina, P. 930.

„ (Discina) venosa, Fr. 891.

,, (Galactinia) succosa, B. 889.

„ (Pustularia) cerea. Sow. 933.

„ ( „ ) castanea, Q. (?) 549.

,, (Geoscypha) ampliata, P. (?) 923.

,, ( >? ) sepiatra, Cke. 907.

Peziza (Humairia) psilopezoides, Cke. cf- Phil.

Applanata, fusco-nigra, sessilis. Cupulis sparsis (3-5 mm.
lat.), subtus arcte adnatis ; margine vix elevatis. Ascis cylin-
dricis. Sporidiis ellipticis, loevibus ("02 X '012 mm.) ; paraphy-
sibus cohaerentibus, supra fuscis.

On rotten wood. (No. 895.)

Peziza (Pyronema) omphalodes. Bull. 573.

„ (Humaria) glumarum, Desm. 897.

„ (Scutellinia) umbrorum, Fckl. 578.

Peziza (Scutellinia) arctespora, Cke. <k Phil.

Gregaria, fusca, sessilis. Cupulis hemisphericis (2-4 mm.),
extus margineque strigosis. Pilis gracilibus, acutis, brunneis,
Hymenio rubro. Ascis cylindricis. Sporis sublanceolatis,
utrinque obtusis, uni-guttulatis, hyalinis (-022 x •005-’008 mm.).
Paraphysibus leniter clavatis.

On the ground under fir trees. (888 bis.)

Peziza (Scutellinia) labellum, P. 934.

Scarcely fully matured. Sporidia -019 X '013 -’015 mm.
Peziza (Dasyscypha) virginea, Batsch. 583, 901.

,, ( ,, ) ’^ar. spirajicola, Karst. 900.

,, ( „ ) nivea, Fr. 925, 926.

,, ( j, ) patula, P. 560.

„ ( 5j ) acuum, Fr. 548.

,, (Cyphella) villosa, P. 582.

,, (Dasyscypha) luzuliiia, Phil. 935.

) corticalis, P. 563.
) barbata, Kze. 581.
) cerina, P. 559.

) senecionis, C. ^ Ph.
) albotestacea, Desm.

931.

932.

Peziza (Dasyscypha) seminis, Cke. cj* Phil.

Ochracea, stipitata. Cupulis clavatis, demum concavis (^-1
mm. diam.), extus tomentosis ; stipite crasso, vix deorsum atten-

RELIQUJS LIBERTIANiE.

105

iiato (1 mm.). Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis arcte ellipticis, minutis
('005 X *0025 mm.).

Growing on Sclerotium semen. (No. 894.)

Peziza (Tapesia) Rosse, P. 575 a, b.

„ ( „ ) fusca, P. Pallid form. 898.

Peziza (Tapezia) zuborum, Cke. cfe Phil.

Subgregaria, ceraceo-flava, subiculo tenui, evanido, concolori,
nidulans. Cupulis concavis, demum applanatis, extus tomentosis,
fuscis (^-1 mm.). Tomento tenui, sparso. Ascis clavatis.
Sporidiis sublanceolatis, demum triseptatis, hyalinis (*015 x .005
mm.).

On Rubus. (No. 936 bis.)

Peziza

j)

M

5)

J)

>>

J)

JJ

>>

»

(Hymerioscypha) cvathoidea. Bull. 913, 977 bis,

567, 936.

( ,, ) strobilina, Fr. 580.

( „ ) scutula, P. 585, 577.

( „ ) coronata, Fr. 562.

( „ ) calyculus, Fr. 554.

( „ ) bolaris, Batsch. 584.

( „ ) tuberosa, Hedw. 920.

(Mollisia) sphgeroides, P. 550.

( „ ) caricina, Desm. 556.

( „ ) atrata, P. forma Valerianse.

( ,, ) excelsior, Karst. 571.

( „ ) fallax, Desm. 912.

( „ ) cinerea, Batsch. 67 5c.

( „ ) ventosa, Karst. 899.

( ,, j livido-fusca, Fr. 568.

679.

Peziza (Mollisia) zibesia, Che. ^ Ph.

Sparsa, atra, ceraceo-mollis. Cupulis globosis, arcte apertis,
dein concavis, hemisphericis, glaberrimis (1-4 mm. diam.) Ascis
clavatis. Sporidiis exiguis, hyalinis (*005 X *001 mm.).

On Ribes rubrum. ■ (No. 910.)

Peziza (Mollisia) betulina, A. ^ S. 553.

„ ( „ ) iiervisequa, P. 572.

,, (Calloria) xanthostigma, Fr. 586, 589.

„ ( » ) vinosa, P. 916.

,, ( )) ) coccinella, Fr. 588.

Helotium alniella {Nyl). 902.

,, conigenum var. /3 incarnatum, Fr. 370.
„ epiphyllum, P. 558 ter., 576, 558 bis.

„ fagineum, Fckl. 890.

„ citrinum, Hedw. 558.

„ pallescens, Fr. 576 bis.

„ „ var. Genistse. 921.

Patellaria fusco- atrum, Rehm.

9

106

RELIQUAS LIBERTIAN^.

Possibly a variety of this species, to which it seems too closely
allied to be regarded as a distinct species. Cups mm. diam.
Sporidia •015-’02 x 'OOS-’OOd mm., triseptate.

On trunks. (No. 574.)

Dexmatea conigena, Phil.

Sparsa, ceraceo-cornea, incarnata (|-1 mm. diam.). Cupulis
convexis, lentiformibus, sessilibus. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
arcte ellipticis, binucleatis (•0l5-*02 X •005-’008 mm.). Para-
physibus hinc illic furcatis, linearibus, hyalinis.

On fir cones. (No. 903.)

Tympanis Frangulae, Fr. 1026.

„ Fraxini, ^r. 1029.

„ Arise, F7\ 1023, 1024.

Hysterium Prostii, Duhy. 871.

„ Roussellii, Duhy. 872.

Glonium graphicum, Fr. 877.

Triblidium calciiforme, Reh. 607.

Lophodermium juniperinum, Fr. 875.

„ pinastri, Chev. 874.

„ arundinaceum, Chev. 868.

„ apiculatum, Duhy. 867.

Cenangium Eubi, Fr. 847.

Phacidium Vaccinii, Fr. 969.

„ Pini, Fr. 939.

„ luzulinum [Karst. ^ sub Mollisia). 971.

Stictis versicolor, Fr. 972.

„ punctiformis, P. 974.

„ nivea, P. 973.

No. 922 is Lecidea parasitica.

WOOLHOPE CLUB ANNUAL FORAY.

Unusual pressure upon our pages by the publication of the long
list of British Fungi which have been recorded therein during the
past eight years, prevented us from giving an account of the last
Hereford Meeting, but as this was recorded in the “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” to which most of our readers have access, and as the
meeting was not particularly rich in new discoveries, on account of
the unfortunate weather, this omission may be condoned. Our
present object is to announce that the next Annual Foray will
take place on the first Thursday in October, 1881, and the
assembly will commence, as usual, on the previous IMonday.

107

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

By C. Kalchbrenner.

Ag. (Amanita) muscarius, L. Fr. Ejncr., 5.

In pine woods, near Cape Town ; first detected by A. E. Eaton
in 1874.

Ag^ (Lepiota) procerus, Scop. Fr.Ep., 12.

Somerset East (MacOwan). No. 1246.

The African fungus has the stature and habit of Agaricus pro-
cerus, but the stem is smooth, and not squamose, hence approach-
ing A. subtomentosus, Kr. The same form occurs in Brazil.

Ag. (Lepiota) Zeyheri, Berkl. Fang. Uitenhage, No. 1, in HooTr.
Lond. Journ. ii., 1834. Fries Fung, Natal, p. 2.

Variabilis, hinc ssgre limitanda species. In forma primaria ;
stipes validus, spithamaceus, pileus amplus ; marginem versus in
areolas squamiformes, angulatas, diffractus. Varietates, vel
si libet subspecies notabiliores sunt : —

(a) telosus, K. et M.Ow. — .Clique spectabilis, pileo e globoso-
expanso, in squamas latas, fuscas lacero, tela araneosa, delicatula
co-operto, albo-flavescente.

(b) verucellosus. — Minor, stipite gracili, calamum scriporium
crasso, basi bulbilloso, pileo subumbonato, verucellis aut squamulis
fuscis eleganter punctato. Ilis notis congruit cum fungo a cel.
Drege ad Cap. b. spei quondam lecto==(^^. verucellosus, Miquel.
Fung. exot., No. 1), differt vero stipite toto albo. Sed adsunt
formae ad Ag. Zeyheri accedentes. Tales exhibet, pro parte, de
Thuemen Mycotheca univ.. No. 701.

Somerset East (MacOwan). Nos. 1001, lOlla. P. Natal,
Inanda (J. M. Wood). No. 392.

Ag. (Lepiota) excoriatus, Schoeff, Fr. Ep., 13.

Sub pluribus formis. In terra argillacea camporum, et arvorum
prope Somerset East (MacOwan). No. lOOld. Ad Bazuja
Caffrarice (Rey. Baur). Port Natal (Wood No. 331).

Adest sub No. 1430 (MacOw.) forma stipite curto et pileo, pro
ratione lato, hemisphserico insignis, ulterius observanda.

Ag. (Lepiota) polysarcos, K. et M.Ow.

Totus albus. Pileus eximie carnosus, centro depressus, ad mar-
ginem declivis, lasvis, vel subtilissime squamuloso-punctulatus.
Annulus mobilis ; stipes farctus, laevis, basi bulbosus ; lamella
valde remotse, postice attenuatse, confertse, pallidee, exsiccatione
cum stipite brunneo-rufescentes.

Somerset East (MacOw.). No. 1370.

Pileus 3-5 unc. latus ; stipes 2-3 unc. long, unc. crassus.
Caro pilei -1-1 unc. crassa, in centro et ad marginem declivem,
quasi oblique truncatum, valde attenuata. Forma inconsveta pilei
ab affinibus, primo visu distinquenda species.

108

FUNGI MaGOWANIANI.

Ag. (Lepiota) p]^eropus, K. et M.Ow. in “ Grevillea’’ ix., 'p. 17.

Agarico Friesii proximus, sed stipite solido subsequali, vel
deorsum attenuato, et lamellis adnatis, angustis distinctus. Odor
fortissimus raplianoideus. Frequens videtur !

(Somerset East (MacOwan.). No. 1120, subpluri. Formis, a, b, c,
D, E. P. Natal (Wood, Nos. 345, 356, 359, 372, 392).

Magnitudine et colore varius, pileo 2-4 unc. lato, stipite 2-6 unc.
alto, 3-10 lin. crasso, albidus, rufescens, imo brunneo-lateritius.
Stipes superne pallidus, ad basim coloratus, squamosus, nunquam
bulbosus. Verus Ag, Friesii, Lascb., in his torris deesse
videtur.

Ag. (Lepiota) sulfurellus, K. et Cooke.

Subconcolor, sulfureus. Pileus convexo-planus, umbonatus,
tenuis, vix pollicem latus, in umbone glaber, umbrinus, ceterum
squamulis verrucasformibus, sparsis, umbrinis notatus, margine
striatulus; stipes tenuis, fistulosus, sequalis, glaber ; annulus mem-
branaceus, pendulus ; lamellge approximatae, vix confertae, ventri-
cosae. Sporae late ovatae 0’006 x 0-0035 mm.

P. Natal (by J. M. Wood). No. 387.

Ab Ag. citrophyllo, B. et Br. (“ Fung. of Ceyl.,” No. 55), ob
annulum membranaceum, alienus. Chartam colore pulchre sulfureo
tingit.

Ag. (Lepiota) varians, K. et M.Ow.

(Ag (Lepiota) rubricatus, B. & Br., prox, in Grevillea ” ix.,

p. 17.)

Pileus tenuis, e conico-campanulato, planus, leviter umbonatus,
1-3 centm. latus, laevis, glaber, subsericeus, passim excoriatus,
albus, cinerascens, carneus, vel fusco purpureus, margine striatus ;
stipes farctus, gracilis, 3-7 centm. longus, 1-4 mm. crassus, sub-
aqualis, basi leviter bulbosus, mycelio albido obductus, ceterum
glaber, pallescens aut rubescens ; annulus medius, fixus, erectus,
fioccoso-membranaceus. Lamellae remotae, subdistantes, ventricosie,
albae.

Inter folia putrida arbustorum ad ped. montis Boschberg (Mac-
Owan). No. 1195.

E. niesonioxphis. — Ab Ag. sordescente, B. et C. (Cuban Fung.,
No. 4), vix, nisi colore pilei leeto et lamellis ventricosis, latiuscuhs,
distinctus.

Ag. (Lepiota) magnannulatus, Kalclibr.

Pusillus ; albus, pileo carnosulo e campanulato expanso, um-
bonato, Isevi, sericeo, stipite gracili, subfiliformi, flexuoso, sub-
annulo, pro ratione amplo, membranaceo, erecto, fibrillis albis obsito ;
lamellis subliberis, ventricosis, confertis.

Somerset East (MacOw.). No. 1422.

Pileus 2-3 lin. latus, stipes 1^ unc. altus, siccitate rufescens.
Ab Ag. parvannulato, Fr., modo stipite tenuiore, longiore et
annulo amplo differt.

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

109

Ag. (Tricholoxna) ustalis, Fr. Ep., 29.

In Pinetis umbrosis pr. Somerset East, raro (MacOw.). No.
1176.

Tricbolomata quidem, pr^sertim limacina, siccitate nimium
mutantur et hinc eegre determinantur ; sed fungus noster ob.
staturam mediocrem ; pileum viscosum, carnosum, convexo-
planum, umbrinum, stipitem aequalem, pallidiorem et lamellas
rufescentes, fors non injuste ad Ag. ustalem, Fr., trahitur. In
genere monendum est, Agaricos siccatos, in quibus subspeciem,
tribum et sectionem discernere quidem licet ; sed notae subtiliores
adeo obscurati» sunt, ut ad condendam novam speciem non-
sufficiant, in his pagellis, ad speciem proximam, notam, relatus
esse.

Ag. (Txicholoma) Geoxgii, Cius. Fr. Ep., 43.

In campis graminosis ad Somerset East (MacOw.). No.
1119.

Exceptis lamellis pallide carneis, totus albus, firmus. Lamellae
horizontales, sublineares, confertae. Odor subnullus, sapor nucum
avellanae. A. Caffris editur. (MacOw. in sched.) Eundem etiam
e Mongolia Chinaque boreali, ubi venalis est, habemus.

Ag. (Txicholoma) caffxoxum, K.et M.Cw.

E. Trich. guttatis. Insignis, circulos saepe 60 pedum diam.'
formans. Pileus saepe 12 uncialis, e convexo planiuSculus, laevis,
impolitus, albus ; stipes solidus, subbulbosus, pollicem crassus,
concolor ; lamellae latiusculae, postice rotundato emarginatae, albae
(nec carneae), siccitate fuscidulae. Sapor gratus, ostreatus, odor
nullus. Edulis, sapidus (MacOwan in sched.).

In campis graminosis ad Somerset East (MacOw.). No.

1222.

Statura gigantea et pileo plerumque eumorplio, nec ungulaeformi
ab Ag. gamboso egregie differt.

var. Sulonensis. — Allque giganteus, edulis, albus ; sed differens
pileo subgibbo, margine involuto et stipite ovato bulboso, ad basim
2 unc. et ultra crasso, sursum valde attenuato, quo habitum
alienum acquirit.

Somerset East (MacOw., sine No.),

Ag. (Clitocybe) amaxus, Fr. Ep.,60.

Inter dumeta, ad folia putrescentia, mont, Boschberg. (Mac-
Ow. et Tuck, No. 1013 et 1212.)

Ag. (Clitocybe) sinopicus, Fr.Ep.G9.

Somerset East (MacOwan.). No. 1371. Aurantio-ruber
lamellie albidre, flaventes.”

Ag. (Clitocybe) txullaefoxmis, Fr. Ep. 68.

In fol. deciduis, sub arboribus montis Boschberg ad Somerset
East. (MacOw., No. 1249.)

“ Pileus cinereus, lamellie albas, decurrentes.” (MacOw. in
sched.)

no

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Ag. (Clitocybe) membranaceus, Fr. Ep. 65.

Ad Bazuja caffrarioe (Rev. Baur.).

Sat frequens videtur forma haec minor, exumbonata Ag. infundi-
hiiUformis, Schaeff.

Ag. (Clitocybe) splendens, Pers. Fr. Ep. 70.

In dumetosis ad Somers. E. (MacOw., No. 1201.)

Ex hac stirpe plures adsunt formag, inter Ag. gilvum et Ag.Jlac-
cidurn vacillantes.

Ag. (Clitocybe) expallens, P. Fr. Ep. 74.

Inter folia putrida, sub fruticibus montis Boschberg. (Mac.Ow.
et Tuck, No. 1217.) P. Natal (Wood, No. 395).

Ag. (Clitocybe) laccatus, Schceff. Fr. Ep. 79.

Somerset East. (MacOw., No, 1359, b.)

Ag. (Collybia) radicatus, Relh. Fr. Ep. 81.

Somerset East, in silvestribus. (MacOw., No. 1254.)

Ag, (Collybia) alveolatus, Kalclibr.

Species singularis, cum nulla alia confundenda, e foedere Ag.
radicati et Ag. longipedis. Pileus carnosus, tenax, convexo-
planus, leviter umbonatus, 3-4 centm. latus, in umbone rugis cris-
pulis, nigricantibus ornatus, circa umbonem sulcis radiantibus, latis
et profundis, marginem haud attingentibus exaratus, ceterum
glaber, cervinus ; stipes solidus, gracilis, tenax, striatus, 10-15
centm. longus, 5 inm. crassus, basi ovato-fusiformis, radicatus,
ibidemve 1-1^ centm. crassus, pileo subconcolor ; lamellae rotun-
dato-adnexae, conferta, latiusculae, albae.

Somers. E. (MacOw., No.).

Pileo, in alveolos oblongos, radiantes exsculpto insignis ; sed-
an haec nota constans ?

Ag. (Collybia) melinosarcus, Kalchhr.

Forma ad Ag. fusipedem, indumento stipitis ad Ag. velutipedem
accedens. Solitarius vel gregarius, firmus, inodorus, rufo-vaccinus.
Pileus carnosus, e convexo planus, vix umbonatus, pro ratione
parvus, pollicaris et ultra, laevis, glaber, rufo-brunneus ; stipes
rigidus, tenax, farctus, extus eximie cartilagineus 3-8 centm.
longus, 5-6 mm. crassus ; e basi ventricosa radice fusiformi cau-
datus vel totus fusiformis, pnlverulento-tomentosus, fulvo-
ferrugineus. Lamellae emarginato-sublibera, et secedentes, firmae,
distantes, pileo pallidiores ; caro flava.

In silvis, ad pedem montis Boschberg, 1874. (No. 1013.)
Mac.Ow.

Ag. (Collybia) stridulus, Fr. Ep.^ 85.

Specimina nostra omnino referunt fungum in Icon. sel. Friesii,
tab. 62, fig. 2, depictum.

Somerset East. Boschberg (MacOw., No. 1160).

Ag. (Collybia) butyxaccus, Bull.

Prom. B. sp. leg., (MacOw., No. 1365).

Ag. (Collybia) acervatus, Fr. Ep., 92.

In truncis putridis, mont. Boschberg (MacOw., No. 1187).

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Ill

Ag. (Collybia) dryophilus, Bull. Fr. Ep. 92.

Somerset East (MacOw., No. 1157, 1165, 1187, 1189). P.
Natal (Wood, No. 192, 121, 349, 401).

Procul dubio, inter specimina, qua adsunt copiosa, plures latent
species, sed in fungillis siccatis jam non distinquendae.

Ag. (Collybia) extuberans, Fr,

P. Natal leg. Wood, No. 354.

Ag. (Collybia) chortophilus, BerTcl. Hook, Lond. Journ., ii., 1843, p
507. (Fung Uitenhage, No. 2.)

In stipulis emortuis graminum, inter dumeta aperta. Somerset
East (MacOw., No. 1359). P. Natal (Wood, No. 121).

Ag. (lYIycena) galeropsis, Fr. Hym. eur. 136. F. Icon. sel. t. 79, f. 1.
Somerset E. (MacOw., No. 1207).

Specimina nostra, ob stipitem arrliizum ad Ag. galericulatum
band referenda, cum icone Friesii citata bene congruunt.

Ag. (Mycena) sciolus, K.

Totus albus, pileo tenui convexo, umbone prominente acuto,
circa umbonem depresso, ad marginem striato, 1-1|- centm. lato;
stipite fistuloso, gracili, aequali 5-7 centm. longo 1 mm. crasso,
viscoso (?), basi vix pubescente, lamellis ventricosis, latiusculis,
distantibus.

Port Natal. Inanda, ad muros humidos stabuli cujusdam (J. M.
Wood, No. 92, 388).

Ag. (Mycena) tintinabulum, Fr. Ep. i, p. 107 ; ii, p. 140.

Pileo spadiceo, viscido ; stipite pro ratione brevi, pallido, basi
strigoso. Semel tantum lectus. (MacOw., sine No. .)

Ag. (IKIycena) heliscus, B. & Br. Pung. of Ceylon, No. 128.

Pileo hemispberico, sulcato, plumbeo stipiteque capillari albo
pruinosis; lamellis paucis, crassis, adnatis. (Berk. 1. c.).

In ramulis putrescentibus montis Boschberg. {sine No. ).

Ag. (Mycena) vitreus. Er. Ep. iii.

‘‘ Pileo saturate cinereo, lamellis albissimus.” MacOw. Somer-
set East in silvis (MacOw.).

Ag. (Mycena) debilis. Er. Ep. 112.

Somerset East (MacOw.).

Ag. (Mycena) dilatatus, Fr. Ep.\V].

Forma lignatilis, stipite brevi, basi membrana orbiculari, alba
cincto.

Somerset East (MacOw.),

Ag. (Mycena) capillaris, Fr. Ep. 119.

In ligno putrido, sub fruticibus, Boschberg (MacOw., Nos.
1041 et 1302).

Agaricus (Mycena) actiniceps, K. (t C.

Pusillus, rufo-fuscus. Pileus ovatus, 1 mm. latus, fibrillis
patentibus strigulosus ; stipes filiformis, 4 mm. long., supra
furfuraceo-granulosus, ad basim strigosus ; lamellae adscendentes,
subliberae, distantes, albae.

In fol. emortuis ad Somerset East.

112

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Ag. (Omphalia) syndesmius, Kalchbr,

Pileo membranaceo, convexo, leviter umbilicato, striatulo, vix 1
cent, lato, nudo, badio-fulvo ; stipitibus fasciculatis, fistulosis
aequalibus vel apice parum incrassatis, 5 cent, longis 2 mm. crassis,
glabris, pileo subconcoloribus, basi tomento albo connexis;
lamellis breviter decurrentibus, angustis, distinctis, pallidis.

A proximis Ag. campanella et Ag. Laestadii, abunde differt,
lamellis pallidis et stipite basi nec nudo, nec fulvo, strigoso. '

In ramulis humi jacentibus, ad Somerset East (MacOw., No,
1198).

Ag. (Omphalia) gxiseo-pallidus, Besmaz. Fr. Fp. i., p.] 125, ii.,

p. 161.

Si non idem, certe proximus.

In fol. putrescentibus ad Port Natal, leg. (Wood, No. 136).

Ag. (Omphalia) linopus, iT.

Proximus Ag. pyxidato^ sed gracilior, stipite filiformi, rufescente
insignis. Pii. membranaceus, profunde umbilicatus, albido cer-
vinus, lamellse sat confertae, eximie deccurrentes, pallidse.

Somerset East. In silvis, Martio leg. (MacOwan., 1878, No.
1369).

Ag. (Omphalia) scyphiformis, Fr. Ep. i., p. 124, ii., p. 159.

Semel lectus, ad quisquilias, sub arbustis, Boschberg, 1877 {sine
No. ).

Ag. (Omphalia) scyphoides, Fr, Ep. 122.

In graminosis mont. Boschberg, 4000 alt. (MacOw.).

Ag. (Omphalia) integirellus, Pers. Fr. Ep.j.p. 128, ll. j?. 165.

In cortice Acacice horridce (MacOw.).

Ag. (Pleurotus) ostreatus, Jacq. Fr. Ep. 133.

In truncis putridis montis Boschberg (MacOw., 1083).

Ag. (Pleurotus) olearius, Z)fC. Fr.Bym.Eur.V70.

Ad truncos emortuos, in dumetis mont. Boschberg (MacOw. et
Tuck, No. 1216).

Ob stipitem rhabarbarinum, sursum incrassatum, carnem flavam
stationemque in lignis, indubie huc potius referendus, quam ad
similem Ag. Zizyphinum., Viv.

Ag. (Pleurotus) sciadium, K. et MacOw.

Pileus carnosus, lateralis, postice immarginatus, flabelliformis,
confluendo multiplex, lobatus, 4-7 centm. latus, basi in stipitem
productus vel basi subangustata sessilis, floccosus, albo-alutaceus ;
stipes solidus, vix pollicaris, basi albo-floccosus ; lamella3 decur-
rentes, passim furcatae, confertae, angustae, albae.

In lignis putrid, mont. Boschberg, ait. 4000 (MacOw. et Tuck,
No. 1243).

var. Salmoneus.— Lamellis aurantio-salmoneis et sporis carneis
differt; stipiteque obsoleto, ad rudimentum reducto. Fors dis-
tincta species.

(MacOw., No. 1401.)

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

113

Ag. (Pleuirotus) flabellatus, 7?. Er. Fung. of Ceylon, No. 145.

Pileo albo tomentoso demum glabrescente, cinereo, margine
incurvo. Stipite brevi tomentoso albo, lamellis albis (MacOvv. in
Sched.). Siccando ex cinereo-purpurfascens vel potius rufe-
scens.

Pileus lateralis, 2-3 centm. longus latusve, basi angustatus, ad
dimidium fere tomento floccoso vestitus, lamellie angustae, decur-
rentes.

In lignis putridis montis Boschberg Maj., 1879 (sim. 180), p.
187.

Ag. (Pleurotus) limpidus, Fr. Ep. 135.

In ramis dejectis. Boschberg (MacOw., No. 1052).

Ag. (Pleurotus) caveatus, Be?-Jcl. et Curt. Fung, of Cuba, No. 37.

Pileo albo vel pallide fusco, infundibuliformi leviter striato ;
stipite solido glabro excentrico, lamellis albis vel albidis, decurren-
tibus.

Pileus 2, latus l-|-2, altus. Gregarius et ceespitosus. Affinis
Ag. commisibili, B. et C., sed pileus multo magis depressus

(B.I.C.).

In ligno putrescente debeatur (?) mont. Boschberg, vere pluviali,
1874, No. 1045. E. Natal, No. 1216.

Ag. (Pleurotus) aureo-tomentosus, Kalch. in “ Grevillea” p. 17.
P. Natal in lignis (J. M. Wood, Nos. 103, 348, 416).

Pileus 2-3 centm. latus, stipes 2-3 centm. longis, 1-2 ram.
crassus, in pileum dilatatus. Tomentum intense luteum, ad verti-
cem pilei et basim stipitis aureo-aurantiacum. Elegans hic
fungillus, ob lamellas subdecurrentes et stationem epixylam.
Pleurotis quidem adnumerandus videtur, sed inter hos propriorem
affinem non habet. Stratum pilei tomentosum e fibris subcapitatis,
ramosis, constat.

Ag. (Pleurotus) septicus, Weinm. Fr. Ep. 136.

Port Natal (Wood, Nos. 135, 191).

Ag. fPleurotus) radiatim-plicatus, F. 1.

Habitu Ag. applicati, Batsch., sed rufus, et ad maginem-plicis
paucis (6-9) notatus. Lamellie distantes, angustae rufescentes.

Ad ramulos deciduos, m. Boschberg (MacOw.).

Ag. (Pleurotus) contrarius, K.

Pusillus, Ag. septico similis, sed evolutio contraria. Pileus
nempe primo globosus, seminum Sinapis magnitudine, pallide
carneus, albo pruinatus, stipitello subexcentrico, verticali, con-
colori insidet, quo sensim incurvato totus resupinatus. Lamellae
ad insertionem stipitis concurrentes, pauca3, latiusculse, parce
venosae, siccitate carneae.

In ramulis siccis Boschberg (MacOw.).

Pileus explicatus 4-5 mm. latus, margine semper inflexo, stipi-
tellus persistens. In affinibus pileus primo resupinatus est et
demum stipitello evanescente sublateralis fit.

114

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Ag. (Pleurotus) gilvescens,

Fileus membranaceus, resupinatus, parum reflexus, subreni-
formis, lasvis, glaber, gilvus, vel sublateritius ; stipitellus excen-
tricus, curvatus, evanescens ; lamellae plicaeformis, distantes, venoso-
connexje, concolores.

Fort Natal (Wood, No. 332).

Pileus 1-1 centm. latus.

Ag. (Pleurotus) atrocceruleus, Fr, Ep. 137.

In cortice vivo arborum frondosarum mont. Boscliberg. Somer-
set East (MacOw., No. 1048).

In junioribus quibusdam etiam lamellae atro-ccerulese.

Ag. (Pleurotus) clusilis, K,

Fusilius, pileo tenui, membranaceo, resupinata-reflexo, margine
incurvo lamellas adscondente, 3-4 mm. lato, leviter striato vel
ruguloso, subpruinoso, carneo -rufescente. Eadicula brevis, eva-
nescens. Lamellas paucae (5-9) plicaeformes, in puncto excentrico
concurrentes, carneae,

In cortice vivo variarum arborum, montis Boschberg (MacOw.,
No. 1038).

A proximo Ag. perpusillo^ Fr., colore et margine pilei lamellas
tegente distinctus.

Ag. (Pleurotus) perpusillus, Weinm.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 191).

Ag. (Volvaria) bombycinus, Schoeff. Fr.Fp.lS8.

Somerset E. Leg. et determ. (MacOwan, No. 1416). Speci-
mina ampla, egregia.

Ag. (Pluteus) cervinus, Scherff. Fr. Ep. 140.

In truncis puvlidis (MacOw.).

Ag. (Entoloma) sagittseformis, K. et C.

Pileus carnosus, conico-campanulatus, in umbonem acutum pro-
ductus, laevis, glaber (lividus ?) ; stipes solidus, senio modo cavus,
ventricosus et in radicem longam productus, hinc subfusiformis,
fibrilloso-striatus ; lamellae emarginato-adnatae, confertae, roseae.
Sporae ovales, 6x4 mm. diam, roseae.

P. Natal (Wood, 344, 357).

Pii. 1-3 centm. latus, 1-|- cent, altus; stipes 4-5 cent, longus,
supra basim 1 cent, crassus, sursum deorsumve ad 3-4 mm. angus-
tatus, radice solida, glabra, 2-3 cent, longa auctus. Verticaliter
sectus sagittam fere refert.

Ag. (Nolanea) castus, MucOivan.

Totus albus, pileo carnosulo, convexo, 1-2 centm. lato circa um-
bonem papillgeformem depressus, ad marginem deflexum leviter
striato, Isevi, glabro, sicco ; stipite fistuloso, subfiliformi, 2-3
centm. longo, curvato adscendente, nitidulo, glabro ; lamellis
attenuato- adnatis, antice dilatatis, ventricosis, confertis, e sporis
demum carneis.

Inter frutices, in graminosis ad Somerset E. (MacOw., 1360).

Pileus nonnunquam albo-cinereus, centro obscurior. Adest
etiam Yar.

FUNGI MACOWANIANT.

115

Ag. (Pholiota) unicolor, Flor. Dan. Fr. Ejj. 170.

“ Totus cinnamomeus ; stipes glabriusculus, annulus distinctus,
persistens ; larnellaj latse, adnexa ” (MacOw. in Sched.).

Ad ligna putrida, m. Boschberg, 1877 {sine No. ).

P. Natal (Wood, No. 390).

Ag. (Pholiota) mycenoides, Fr. Ep. 17O,

Somerset E. (MacOvv., No. 1423).

Praeter formam vulgarem adest etiam altera, robustior, ad. Ag.
togularem, Bull., accedens.

Ag. (Pholiota) togularis, Bull. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 216.

Somerset East (McOvvan).

Ag. (Hebeloma) spoliatus, Fr.Ep.H2.

Somerset East (MacOw., No. 1388).

Ag. (Flamula) harmoge, Fr. Ep. 189.

Mediocris, colore inconsueto inter Sapineos insignis.

Pileus carnosus, convexus, subgibbus demumve explanatus, 3-8
centm. latus, siccus albido- alutaceus, marginem versus colore
lilaceo quasi suffusus, squamis fibrosis, fulvo-ferrugineis ornatus ;
stipes solidus, tenax, sursum, rarius deorsum incrassatus,
plerumque curvatus, 4-6 centm. longus, centm. crassus,

fibroso striatus, sordide lividus ; annulus fibrosus, lacerus, evani-
dus ; lamellae adnatse, emarginatae, subconfertas, luteotae, dein
rubro-aurantiacse demumve Isete ferruginese. Caro firma, albida, in
pileo cyanescens, in stipite flavescens.

In tecto tugurii cujusdam ad Somerset E. (MacOw., No.
1380).

Fungum bunc rarum, post Friesinm, vix ab aliquo repertum
etiam in Hungaria, observavimus. Color in disco pilei serugineus
sagpe deest, hinc fortuitus videtur.

Ag. (Flamella) tilopus, K. et MacOw . Icon Tah. Fig.

Pileo carnosulo, convexo-plano, leviter umbonata, 1-2 centm.
lato Pellicula viscosa, secernibili tecto pallide flavo ; stipite tenui
fistuloso, 3-7 centm. longo, 1-2 mm. crasso subaequali pileo con-
colori, squornulis fibrosis raris vestitus. Caro flavo virens.
Lamellae adnatse confertae, ferrugineae.

Caespitosus vel subfasciculatus, in terra circa truncos vel in
ipsis truncio muscosis, Ag. squamosa proximus.

Somerset East {sine No. ).

Ag. (Flammula) Janus, B.etBr. Fung, of Ceylon, No. 207.

Caespitosus, sulfureus, pileo convexo, obtuso umbonatove, sub-
carnoso ; stipite subaequali, fistuloso glabro ; lamellis angustis e
subfusco-ferrugineis (Brk. l.c.).

In lignis putridis, montis Boschberg, Mart., 1877 (No. 1013).

Ag. (Naucoxia) axenicola, Berhl. l.c. Fung. in Uitenhage, No. 6.
Somerset East (MacOwan).

Stipite basi incrassato — ad morem Ag. radicati — et arenam con-
globante, insignis.

116

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Ag. (Naucoria) pediades, Fr. Ep. 197.

In stercore vetusto, inter gramina mont. Boschberg (MacOw.,
No. 1006 et 1377).

Cel. Berkeley inter fungos ad Uitenbage lectos sub No. 5,
notat Ag. stmiorbicularem ibidem in fimo vaccino lectum. Ad
bunc nostrum quoque fungum referrem ; ni stipite crassiore,
bumiliore, basi bulbilloso potius cum Ag. pecliade, Fr., conveniret.

Ag. (Naucozia) pygmaeus, Bull. Fi-ies Ep. 194.

In quisquiliis silvarum ad Somerset E. (MacOw., No. 1310).
P. Natal (Wood, No. 91).

Ag. (Naucoria) undulosus, Jungh. Fr. Ep. 109.

Somerset East, in mont. Boscbberg, sub fruticibus (AlacOw., No.
1223). P. Natal (Wood, No. 370).

Sporae breviter ovatae 0*006 x 0*004 mm.

Ag. (Galera) hypnorum, F'. Ep. 207.

In silvis, mont. Boscbberg, sub fruticibus ("MacOw. No. 1213).

Ag. (Galera) tener, ScJioeff. Fr. Ep. 204.

Inter frutices ad Somerset E. (MacOw.). P. Natal (Wood).

NECTRIA DITISSIMA.

According to Hartig (‘‘ Unter. Fdrstbot. Inst. Muncben,” 1880,
p. 145), a large part of tbe diseases to wbicb forest trees are
subject are due to tbe attacks of this parasitic fungus. It attacks
Fagus, Quercus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Carpinus, Alnus glutinosa,
Acer campestre, and Acer pseudoplatanus. Tilia, Frangula, Padus,
and possibly also tbe apple. It almost always enters tbrougb
wounds, especially those caused by bail, or by tbe puncture of an
insect [Agrilus viridis) ; but in some cases lenticels appear to give
tbe opportunity. Tbe development of tbe mycelium takes place
especially in the autumn. Tbe portion of the bark attacked
assumes a black colour. The mycelium is mostly intercellular, and
from tbe extremities of tbe excessively fine hyphie are abstricted
minute conidia resembling scbizomycetes. These are not, how-
ever, known to serve for tbe propagation of tbe fungus, but bring
about the rapid destruction of tbe cortical tissue. The medullary
rays, wood parenchyma, and vessels are also attacked by tbe
mycelium, causing a brown colour in the wood to tbe depth of a
few millemetres. In damp weather, especially in September and
October, tbe fertile cushions make their appearance, producing
first conidia and then small red perithecia, tbe result of an act of
impregnation that has not yet been accurately followed. — Journ.
Roy. Micr. Soc., Feb., 1881, jt;. 85.

117

. SCHIMPER’S MOSSES.

Onr Bryological readers will be glad to learn that the splendid
collection of European mosses, which were contained in Schimper’s
herbarium, and which were transferred by the liberality of the
Baroness Burdett Coutts to the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, have been in course of arrangement, and are now eligible for
consultation by those interested in the subject. Including, as this
collection does, the herbarium of Bruch, all the types of Bruch
and Schimper are accessible to those who are interested in the
labours of the learned authors of the “ Bryologia Europsea.”

PRESERVATION OF FUNGI.

Some years ago, when Mr. James English, of Epping, first
exhibited his specimens of the fleshy fungi, as preserved by him,
by means of a new method, so as to retain much of their natural
appearance, there was considerable curiosity amongst fungologists
as to the secrets of the process. Some suggested one thing and
some another, but no one produced similar specimens. As time
progressed the process was improved, and there still seems to have
been an anxiety amongst some to know how it was accomplished.
At length Mr. English has announced that having been often
applied to for details of his method, he has at length resolved to
communicate it for a consideration. That is, he is prepared to
print and publish a full account of his process, with all the
requisite information, by subscription. If a sufficient number of
persons will subscribe, or send in their names as subscribers, to his
manual, at the subscription price of five shillings, he will print it
as soon as the requisite number are obtained. This must be con-
sidered as a reasonable proposition. He says, justly, that the ex-
periments caused him much anxiety, and entailed expense and great
loss of time, and he cannot be expected, in addition, to speculate
on the publication of his method, and invest money in printing,
without a reasonable guarantee that he shall not be out of pocket.
He considers that the only eligible course for him to pursue is to
give those who desire to obtain the information the opportunity of
doing so by means of a list of subscribers, as by this plan he will
learn what encouragement there will be for him to publish his
manual, and how far he will be justified in taking that step.

Having consented to explain these circumstances, we now leave
the subject in the hands of our readers, with the intimation that
all further particulars may be obtained by communication with Mr.
James English, Naturalist, Epping, Essex.

118

NECTRIA CUCURBITULA.

The fir trees of Upper Bavaria have been attacked during recent
years by a fungus \vhich penetrates the bark, chiefly through
injuries caused by hail or the weight of snow, or still more
by a microlepidopter GraphoUtha pactolana. Hartig states
that the mycelium develops mainly in the sieve tubes (“ Unters.
Forstbot. Inst. Miinchen,” 1880, p. 58), but also in the cortical
tissue, and only in the spring ; its development in summer is
arrested by the want of water in the substratum. The fertile
layer appears principally near the base of the stem, where there is
a more abundant supply of moisture, in the summer and autumn,
as cushions, at first white, afterwards reddish, which break through
the bark, and detach, firstly, conidia and subsequently red peri-
tliecia, the latter probably the result of impregnation. The asco-
spores are two-chambered, ripen in the winter, and produce on
germination a mycelium, on which conidia are again formed in
various ways, sometimes directly, sometimes on special shoots.
The development of the mycelium and the formation of the conidia
can be followed out in a drop of turpentine. The growth of the
parasite destroys the bark and cambium ; the tree dying as soon
as the mycelium has grown completely round the stem. — Journ.
Roy. j\Jicr. Soc., Feb., 1881, p. 84.

AGARICUS (FLAMMULA) CARBONARIUS.

Tliis Agaric made its appearance .on burnt ground in Kew Gar-
dens, during the month of November last. In some places it was
accompanied by Cantharellus carbonarius, A. & S. In the next,
and early part of the following month, very fine specimens, five to
six inches high, and three inches in diameter, appeared. Up to
the present time (the close of February) they have appeared iti
succession for three months, without intermission, through the
severe frosts, which reached 23 or 24 degrees, without putting a
stop to their development. It is a noteworthy circumstance that
one well-determined Agaric has flourished continuously for three
months, and survived nights of intense frost. Agaricus ( Collybiu)
velvtipes is also still to be found, but it did not appear until long
2iitcv Ag . carbonarius had commenced growth, and the specimens
have been small. Although it has generally been admitted that
Ag.velutipes is uninjured, and perhaps improved, by a little frost, I
was not prepared to find a Flammula resisting 24 degrees with
apparent comfort.

M. C. C.

119

BRITISH MOSS FLORA.

Dr. Braithwaite is still pursuing the even tenour of his way
with his excellent illustrations of British Mosses. The Polytnj-
chacece filled the last part, and it is to be hoped that he will
receive all possible encouragement to proceed as rapidly as he
can with this useful work.

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Braithwaite, Dr. R. British Moss Flora, part 3, Poly-
trichaceee.

Comes, Dr. 0. Notizie intorno ad alcune crittogame parassite
della piante Agrarie.

Comes, Dr. 0. Osservazioni su alcune specie di funghi del
Napoletano.

Thumen, F. Die Blasen rost pilze der coniferen. Monographie
der Gattung Periderminm.

Phillips, W. The Hymenomycetes of Shropshire.

Morren, Dr. Correspondence Botanique, 8th Edition.

Bessey, Prof. C. E. Sketch of Progress of Botany, in United
States, in 1880.

Kalchbrenner, C. Phalloidei novi vel minus cogniti.

Winter, Dr. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Part 1. Fungi.

Roze, and Boudier, M. M. Contribution a Tetude mycologique
de TAuvergne.

Phillips, W. British Lichens and How to Study Them.

Burrell, Prof. T. J. First Report on Useful and Noxious
Plants.

Quelet, Dr. L. Champignons recemment observes en Nor-
mandie, en Alsace, en Suisse, d^c.

Breton, A. le. Contributions a la Flore Mycologique de la
Seine-inferieure.

Thumen, F. von. Symbolae ad floram mycologicam Austriacam.
P. iv.

Uhlworm, Dr. 0. Bibliography of Cryptogamia, and Phanero-
gamia, continued in “ Botanisches Centralblatt,” weekly.

Hampe, E. Ein neues Sphagnum Deutschlands, in “ Flora,”
Oct. 1, 1880.

Thuemen, F. Fungi ^gyptiaci, ser. iii, in ‘‘Flora,” Oct. 21,
1880.

Minks, Dr. A. Morphologisch Lichenographische Studien, iv,
in “Flora,” Nov. 21, Dec. 1, 1880.

120

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmente, in “Flora,”
Dec. 1, 11 til and 21st, 1880.

Stolterforth, Dr. H. On the Diatomaceee of the Llyn Arenig
Bach Deposit, in “ Jonrn. Boy. Micr. Soc.,” Dec. 1880.

Crisp, F. Record of current researches relating to Cryptogamia,
<S:c., in “ Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc.” Dec. 1880, Feb., 1881.

Voss, Prof. W. On Peronospora viticola, in “ Hedwigia,”
!Nov. 1880.

Thuemen, F. On Peronospora viticola, in “ Hedwigia,” Nov.
1880.

Winter, Dr. Geo. Mykologisches aus Grauhfinden, ‘‘ Hedwigia,”
Nov. 1880.

Spruce, Dr. R. Musci praeteriti, in “ Journ. Botany,” Dec.
1880, Jan. and Feb. 1881.

Groves, H. and J. On Chara obtusa. Desv., in “ Journ.
Botany,” Jan. 1881.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes) ,
part 1.

Roumequere, C, and others. Numerous brief communications,
in “ Revue Mycologique,” Oct. 1880 and Jan. 1881.

Thuemen, F. My cotheca Universalis, Cent, xviii.

Lindberg, S. 0. Schistophyllum Orrii, n. s., in “ Revue
Bryologique,” No. 6, 1880.

Philibert, hi. Le veritable Thuidium delicatulum^ in “ Revue
Bryologique,” No. 6, 1880.

Venturi, Ranauld, and others. Bryological communications,
in “ Revue Bryologique,” No. 6, 1880.

Miguel, P. Etudes sur les Poussieres organisees de I’atmos-
phere, in “ Brebissonia,” Oct. 1880.

Roumeguere, C. Fungi Gallici Exsiccati. Cent. 7 to 12.

Karsten, P. a. Enumeratio Boletinearum, Polyporearum et
Hydnearum Fennicarum, in “ Revue Mycologique,” Jan. 1881.

Gillet, Dr. X. Nouvelle etude du Rcesleria hypogcea, in
“ Revue Mycologique,” Jan 1881.

London Catalogue of British Mosses and Hepatics by the
Botanical Record Club, 2nd Edition.

Boulav and le Dantec. Catalogue des Mousses des environs de
Brest, in “ Revue Bryologique,” No. 1, 1881.

Borzi, a. Hauckia, nuova Palmellacea dell Isola, in “ Nuovo
Giorn. Bot. Ital,” Nov., 1880.

hlAssALONGHO, C. aiid Carestia, a. Epatiche delle Alpi Pennino,
in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital,” Nov. 1880.

Jatta, xA. Lichenes novi vel critici, in “ Herb, Notarisiano,” in
“ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital,” Jan. 1881.

Thumen, F. Reliquje Libertianse, in “ Hedwigia,” No. 12,
1880.

Allen, Dr. Cbaracese xAmericani Exsiccati, fasc. i.

No. 58.]

[June, 1881.

(^xmWu^

A QUAETEELY EECOED OF CEYPTOOAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITEEATUEE.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

, By M. C. Cooke.

CContinued from p. 95.J

The following are a portion of the additions described in their
last paper by Messrs. Berkeley and Broome.

Agairicus (Amanita) nitidus, Hym. Eur., p. 24.

Pileus convex, then plane, firm, beset with thick, angular, in-
durated, darker warts ; margin quite even, flesh white ; stem
stuffed, conically attenuated, squamose ; ring torn, fugacious ; gills
white. Fr. Icon. t. 12 f. 1. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1833.
In shady woods. Mattishall (Rev. J. M. DuPort).

“ Several specimens have been forwarded, some exactly agreeing
with the definition of Fries in the thick indurated angular warts,
while others approach so near to A. Mappa, that it is difficult to
distinguish them.” M. J. B.

Agaricus (Lepiota) granulosus, BaiscTi. var. rufescens.

“ A curious form was found near Bristol, by Mr Bucknall, quite
pure white at first, then partially turning red, and in drying ac-
quiring everywhere a rufous tint.” B. ^ Br. Anii. Nat. Hist, No.
1834.

Agaricus (Lepiota) Bucknalli, B. cfc B7\ Cooke Ulus. f. 19, f.h.

Strong smelling. Pileus campanulate then convex, white, as
well as the lower part of the stem sprinkled with lilac powder,
gills white, scarcely reaching the margin. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1836. Ag. seminudus, var. lilacinus, Quelet. Clavis
Hym., p. 6.

On the ground. Clifton (Mr. Bucknall).

Pileus nearly an inch across; stem 3in. high. Odour strong
of gas tar. Spores '007 x ’0025 mm. Those of Ag. seminudus
*0035 X ‘0018 mm. We have the authority of M. Qaelet that it
is his variety lilacinus of Ag. seminudus.

10

122

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

Agaiicus (Armillaria) focalis, Fr. Hym. Eur., 40.

Pileiis fleshy, soft, convex then plane, obtuse, cuticle silky, be-
coming smooth, ring broad, oblique ; stem solid, equal, breaking
with a fibrous fracture; gills nearly free, crowded, narrow, white,
becoming pallid. Cooke Illust., B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,

No. 1837.

On bare ground, under old laurel trees. Coed Coch.

“ Pileus 4 inches across, pale fawn coloured, darker above,
slightly virgate, extreme margin involute ; stem 5 inches high,
l^in. thick at base, variously lacerated ; mycelium white, fibrillose,
ring very broad (to which the specific name alludes) superior.
Odour farinaceous ; substance tender. Almost agreeing in
dimensions with the var. Goliath, and certainly one of the finest
British species.” B. Br.

Figured in Cooke’s Illustrations, pi. 31. The pileus rather too
darkly coloured.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) stans, Fr. Hym. Eur., 52.

Pileus compact, convex, then flattened, viscid, smooth (neither
granulated nor spotted), becoming reddish, flesh reddish beneath
the cuticle ; stem solid, nearly equal, squamulose ; gills rounded,
crowded, white, spotted with red. Fr. Icon., t. 28. B. ^ Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1838.

On the ground. Coed Coch.

“ This species was formerly called by Fries A. pessundatiis, and
was found of large size at Coed Coch. The figure in the ‘ leones ’
marked ‘ pessundatus ^ is now referred to A. stans. The true

A. pessundatus was sent by Mr. Benny from Lucerne.” B. 4'
Agaxicus (Tricholoma) guttatus, Schoeff. Ic. t., 240.

Pileus fleshy, convex, then flattened, cinnamon or ashy grey, dry,
breaking in granular or floccose scales, margin remotely sulcate, at
first involute, floccose ; stem solid, mealy white ; gills emarginate
with a decurrent line, much crowded, snowy white. Fr., Hym.
Eur., p. 54. B. 4’ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1839.

On the borders of woods. Downton.

Taste bitter, rather acrid. Pileus 3-5in. broad.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) tumidus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 61.

Bigid, fragile ; pileus bullate then expanded, undulate, rather
shining, then cracked and split, cinereous ; margin thin, broken ;
stem solid, rooting, swollen, striate, white ; gills marginate,
broad, somewhat distant, white, becoming reddish-grey. Kroinh.,
t. 72, f. 1-5. B Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1840.

In moist pine woods. Coed Coch.

“ Exactly according with Krombholz’s figure.” B. 4' Br.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) lixivius, Fr.

“ There is no doubt that Sowerbv’s A. compressus is this species.”

B. 4’ Br.

Agaricus (Clitccybe) hirneolus, Fr. Hym. Eur,, p. 82.

Pileus rather fleshy, convex, plane, even, smooth, with a silky
lustre; disc at length depressed, margin involute, very thin; stem

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

123

stuffed, tough, slender, slightly flexuous, powdered with white at
the apex ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, becoming hoary. Fr.
Icon., t. 48, f. 3. B. ^ Br. Ann, Nat. Hist., No. 1841.

Amongst moss. Coed Coch.

Stem l-2in. Pileus 3-5 lines.

Agaxicus (Clitocybe) amarus, Fr.

B. ^ Br. Ann, Nat. Hist., No. 1842. Cooke in “ Grevillea”
viii., p. 74.

Agaxicus (Clitocybe) pithyophilus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 87.

White, pileus fleshy, thin, nearly plane, umbilicate, smooth, be-
coming pallid, stem somewhat hollow, terete then compressed,
smooth (with a white downy base) ; gills adnate decurrent,
crowded, plane, always white. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.

1843.

In pine woods. Coed Coch.

Agaxicus (Clitocybe) cxyptaxum, Letellier.

Densely caespitose. Pileus somewhat conical, depressedly floccose,
spotted with brown ; stem white, rather striate, virgate, attenuated
upwards, more or less compressed, narrowly fistulose; gills narrow,
arcuate, rather decurrent, white. B. 4' Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.

1844.

On sawdust. Coed Coch.

“ Habit that of A. turmilosus. Pilei varying much in size,
according to the denseness of the clusters. Inodorous, insipid ;
stem mottled within.” B. ^ Br.

Agaxicus (Clitocybe) decastes, Fr. Hym. Eur., 90.

Pileus convexo-plane, undulate, rather umbonate, even, smooth,
of one colour, growing pale ; disc compact, rather umbonate, stem
solid, smooth, pruinose above, and white ; gills rounded, adnate,
crowded, rather wavy, white. Fr. Icon., t. 52. B. ^ Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1845.

On sawdust. Coed Coch.

“ Agreeing closely with the figure of Fries in the ‘ leones,’ but
we are doubtful whether what we find is not an advanced stage
of A. cryptarum — a matter which requires future observation.”
B. ^ Br.

Agaxicus (Clitocybe) Txogii, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 85.

Pileus fleshy, compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, smooth,
cinereous white, opaque ; stem solid, firm, short, thickened at the
base, villous ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, white. B. ^ Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1846.

In woods. Coed Coch.

The colour approaching that of A. metacTirous. Very fragrant.
Agaxicus (Clitocybe) senilis, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 98.

Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, funnel shaped,
smooth, concentrically scarred, tan coloured, margin patent, stem
solid, equal, smooth, whitish; gills long decurrent, linear, crowded,
at length of the same colour as the pileus. Fr. Icon. t. 56, f. 1,
B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1847.

124

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

In pine woods. Coed Coch.

“We are bound to say that the specimens shown to us at Coed
Coch as belonging to this species, appeared to belong rather to Ag.
hrumalis, and did not agree with the figure in the ‘ leones ’ in several
particulars.” M. C. C.

Agaricus (Collybial macilentus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 123.

Pileus rather fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem
delicately fistulose, tough, naked, rooting ; gills free, seceding,
crowded, linear, yellowish. Fr. Icon. t. 66, f. 1. B. ^ Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1848.

In pine woods. Coed Coch.

Agaricus (Collybia) stolonifeir, Jungh.

Pileus rather fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse (slightly depressed),
smooth, margin striate ; stem hollow, equal, smooth, becoming
tawny, root creeping like a stolon; gills rounded adnexed, ventri-
cose, somewhat distant, whitish. FI. Dan. t. 2021, f. 2. B. Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1848, bis.

Amongst fir leaves. Perth (Dr. Buchanan White).

Agaricus (Kflycena) Adonis, Bull.

The scarlet form. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1849.
Garthewin (Mrs. B. Wynne).

Agaricus (Omphalia ) hydrogzammus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 154.

Pileus rather membranaceous, umbilicate, flaccid, smooth, livid,
hygrophanous ; margin patent, striate, somewhat undulate ; stem
hollow, smooth, rather compressed, rooting ; base clad with whitish
hairs ; gills decurrent, much crowded, whitish. Fr. Icon., t. 71 ;
B, ^ Br. Nat. Hist., No. 1850.

Among beech leaves. Coed Coch.

Agaricus (Omphalia) infumatus, B. ^ Br.

Pileus obtuse, not membranaceous, greenish, then smoky ; stem
thin, yellow ; gills few, broad, decurrent, distant, yellow, B. ^
Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1851.

On bark, amongst moss. Garthewin.

- “ Pileus 2in. across; stem 1 line high, not a line thick, dilated
at the base, tomentose, especially below ; gills about twelve, with
smaller intermediate. Allied to A. umhelliferus, but quite distinct
from all its varieties.” B. ^ Br.

Agaricus (Omphalia) oftuciatus, Fr. Hym. Eup., p. 156.

Pileus somewhat fleshy, piano-depressed, obtuse, even, smooth,
reddish, growing pale ; stem hollow*, to.ugh, straight ; gills decur-
rent, thin, crowded, of the same colour. Fr. Icon., t. 72, f. 3 ;
B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1853.

In beech woods. Coed Coch.

Stem 2in. long, 1-2 line thick, with the habit of Ag. dryophilus.
Agaricus (Omphalia) abhorrens, B. ^ Br.

Odour of dung. Pileus umbilicate, brown ; ^tem slender, of the
same colour ; gills decurrent. B. 4' Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1853.
On lawn. Coed Coch.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

125

Agaricus (PleuYotus) laurocexasi, B. Jf- Br.

Oyster-shaped. Pilens sulcate, brown, with a very thin cuticle ;
stem obsolete ; gills connected by veins ; spores ovate. B. 4- B7\,
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1854.

On the naked trunk of a laurel. Coed Coch.

“ Pileus rather more than an inch across ; the cuticle is ex-
tremely thin, and gives way at the furrows so as to expose the
substance of the pileus. Spores *0008 mm. long.” B. ^ B?'.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) palmatus, Bull.

The spores of this species are pale ochre-coloured, *0004111.
(*01 mm.) ill diameter ; it has the same right to be placed in
PleuroUis as the rosy-spored A. euos?nns.” B. 4' Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1855.

Agaricus (Fluteus) spilopus, B. ^ Br.

Dwarf. Pileus brown, rugulose ; stem flexuous, punctate with
black; spores globose, even. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.
1856.

On wood (?). (C. E. Broome.)

“ AlMed to A. nanus.

Agaxicus (Leptonia), aethiops, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 202.

Pileus rather fleshy, piano-depressed, without striae, shining,
black, then smoky, smooth, but clad with innate fibrils ; stem
stuffed, thin, smooth, tawny, becoming black, punctate with
black above ; gills adnate, whitish, with the edge of the same
colour. B. 4" Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1857.

In grassy places. Coed Coch.

Agazicus (Eccilia) atzides, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 212.

Pileus somewhat membranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate,
striate, virgate with black ; stem fistulose, punctate with black
above, pallid ; gills deeply decurrent, attenuated behind, rather
crowded, pallid, edge black and toothed. B. 4 Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1858.

In moist woods. Hereford.

“ This is not the plant figured by Quelet.” B. 4 Er.

Agazicus (Acetahulazia) acetabulosus, Sow. t. 303.

Berk. 4 Er. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1859.

“ This curious species has never been satisfactorily elucidated.
The occurrence of an allied form from Swan River necessitates the
proposition of a new section {Acetabularia), analogous to Volvaria
and Chitonia. The spores in the original specimen of Sowerby,
now (with the drawing) in the British Museum, are clay-
coloured.” B. 4 Er.

Agazicus (Fholiata) ezubius, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 216.

E. 4 Er. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1860. Agaricus (Pholiota)
Leveillianus, D. 4 AI., in Cooke’s “ Handbook,” p. 110.

“ This is clearly the same species with A. denigritus, the spores
of which are brown.” B. 4 Er.

126

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

Agaxicus (Pholiota) ombirophilus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 216.

Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, even, smooth, ferruginous,
hygrophanous ; stem hollow, fibrillose, striate, pallid ; ring entire,
distant ; gills adnate, seceding, ventricose, clay-coloured, then
ferruginous. Fr. Icon., t. 103 ; B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.
1861.

In grassy places. Coed Coch.

Sporadic. Pileus 3in., stem 3-5 lines thick.

Agaricus (Pholiota) subsquaxrosus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 221.

Pileus fleshy, convex, viscid, ferruginous brown, with darker
adpressed floccose scales ; stem stuffed, equal, ferruginous yellow,
darker adpressed scales terminating in an annular zone ; gills
nearly free, crowded, yellow, then dirty tan colour. B. ^ Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1862.

On trunks and the ground. Hereford {T. Howse).

Agaxicus (Pholiota) tuberculosus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 223.

Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, broken up into
innate, adpressed scales ; stem hollow, incurved, short, bulbous,
fibrillose, ring rather membranaceous, deciduous ; gills emargi-
nate, broad, serrulate, yellowish or cinnamon. B. ^ Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1863.

On sawdust. Coed Coch.

Agaricus (Pholiota) curvipes, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 223.

Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, torn into adpressed
floccose scales ; stem somewhat hollow, thin, incurved, as well as
the ring fibrillose, with radiating flocci ; gills adnate, broad, white,
then yellowish, at length tawny. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.
1864.

On sawdust. Coed Coch.

Agaricus (Inocybe) muticus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 230.

Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, very obtuse, and at length
depressed in the centre, squamulose, whitish, with tawny fibrils ;
stem hollow, attenuated downwards, fibrillose, white, straw-
coloured, or tawny ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, white, then
becoming tawny. Fr. Icon., t. 109 ; B. 4' Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,
No. 1865.

On roadsides. Coed. Coch.

Pileus l-2in., stem l^in. long, 3-4 lines thick.

Agaricus (Inocybe) destrictus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 232.

Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, umbonate, rimose,
fibrillose, then torn into scales, pallid, becoming reddish ; stem
solid, smooth, fibrillose, striate, white, becoming reddish ; gills
adnate, with a tooth, crowded, whitish, then greyish cinnamon.
Fr. Icon., t. 108 ; B. 4' Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1866.

In pine woods. Coed Coch.

Flesh thin, white ; odour unpleasant.

127

FUNGI ON EUCALYPTUS.

By M. C. Cooke and H. W. Harkness.

The following enumeration of Fungi found upon Eucalyptus
globulus, by Dr. H. W. Harkness, were all collected in California : —

Agaricus (Mycena) sacchaxiferus, B. ^ Br.

On bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2035.)

Fistillata ovata, Fr.

On rotting leaves of Eucalyptus.

Corticum epiphyllum, P.

On rotting leaves of Eucalyptus.

Sphaeronema eucalypti, 0. (h BJc.

Peritheciis sparsis, erumpentibus, conicis, atris. Sporis minori-
bus, subcylindricis, leniter curvulis, hyalinis, utrinque obtusis,
(•008 X ‘002 mm.).

On bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2145.)

Cryptosporium ceuthosporoides, Cke. d; Hk.

Peritheciis deplanatis, fuscis, ceuthosporoideis, demum superne
fissuratis. Sporis fusiformibus, curvatis, hyalinis (•018-02 x ‘003
mm.).

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus. (No. 2005.)

Habit resembling that of Ceuthospora phacidioides.

Thumen has described a Phyllosticta eucalypti from Portugal,
not at present found in this locality.

Sphaeropsis Mollerianum, Ihum., in Myc. TJniv.

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus. (No. 2037.)

Diplodia eucalypti, Cke. d Hk.

Sparsa, tecta, demum erumpens. Peritheciis carbonaceis, glo-
bosis, atris. ~ Sporis ellipticis, brunneis, uniseptatis, medio leniter
constrictis (^022 X -009, vel ^025 X *012, vel -03 x '011 mm.).

On bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2000.)

The spores differ in size and proportions on younger and older
twigs and branches, but it is difficult to find any specific differ-
ences in the three forms of which the measurements of the spores
are given. Not identical with Diplodia Molleriana, Thum.

Diplodia tenuis, Cke. d Hk.

Peritheciis sparsis, globosis, obtusis, membranaceis, atris, dein
prominulis. Sporis ellipticis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (^012 x *004
mm.).

On decayed bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2195.)

Diplodia microspoxa, Sacc.

On inner bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2196.)

(No. 2198.)
(No. 2014.)

128

FUNGI ON EUCALYPTUS.

Kendersonia eucalypti, Cke. <b Eh.

Peritlieciis in maculas orbicularibus collectis, immersis. Sporis
ellipticis, infra attenuatis, bine subclavatis, triseptatis, fuscis (*02
X *006 mm.).

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2150, 2200, 2149.)

On dead leaves. (No. 2039.)

Spores exuding and staining tbe matrix, the perithecia more
scattered when growing on twigs and spores, darker, but not differ-
ing in form or size.

Hendersonia cozynoidea, Che. ^ Eh.

Peritlieciis sparsis, tectis, dein stellato-fissuratis. Sporis mag-
nis, lanceolatis, 5-7 septatis, loculis ultimis hyalinis, aliis olivaceo-
fuscis (-05 X *01 mm.).

On Wigs of Eucalyptus. (No. 2012.)

Spores resembling those of Coryneum^ but enclosed in a peri-
thecium.

Festalozzia tzuncatula, Fchl.

On bark of Eucalyptus.

Festalozzia monochaeta, Desm.

On fading leaves of Eucalyptus.

Festalozzia funezea, Desm.

On twigs of Eucalyptus.

Hazknessia eucalypti, Cke.

On twigs and leaves of Eucalyptus.

Melanconium globosum, Che. d; Eh.

Discoideum, erumpens, atrum. Sporis globosis, atro-fuscis
(•01-‘011 mm.).

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (No. 2041.)

Stilbospoza angustata, Pers. var.

Inside bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 1999.)

Septonema multiplex, B Sf C.

• On bark of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2011, 2046.)

Fusazium eucalyptozum, Cke. ^ Ek.

Eoseum vel cinnabarinum, convexum, oblongum vel confluens.
Sporis fusiformibus, utrinque acutis, curvatis, hyalinis, 5-septatis
(•05 X *004 mm.)

On bark of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2021, 2199.)

Fusazium mesentezicum, Che. ^ Ek.

Aurantium vel aurantio-rubrum, oblongum, convexum, in maculo
mesenteriformi confluens. Sporis cylindricis, utrinque obtusis,
leniter eurvulis, continuis, hyalinis (•018-*02 x *0045 mm.).

Oli bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2020.)

Volutella cozonata, Che. d Ek.

Sparsa, alba, globosa, substipitata (*15 mm. diam.). Stipite
curto, crasso (*06 mm. long, *08 mm. crass.). Sporis ellipticis
(*006 X *003 mm.) hyalinis. Setis (circa 12) septatis, aculeatis,
hyalinis (-35 mm. long.)

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (No. 1984.)

(No. 2034.)
(No. 2155.)
(No. 2002.)
(Nos. 2030, 2031.)

FUNGI ON EUCALYPTUS.

129

Tubexculairia eucalypti, Che. 4' Eh.

Epiphylla, erumpens, convexa, atra, nitida. Hyphis tenuis,
breviter ramosis. 8poris cylindricis, obtusis, rectis vel curvulis,
continuis, hyalinis (’01 X *002 mm.).

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus. (No. 2040.)

No. 2144 is probably a condition of the same thing, but pezizse-
form.

Fusidium albocarneum. Cite. & Hk.

Effusum, maculaeforme, albocarneum. Sporis fusoideis, rectis,
continuis, hyalinis (•018-'02 > -0025 mm.).

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2027, 1998).

Somewhat like F. griseum in habit, but differing in colour.

Penicillium glaucum, Lk.

On decaying leaves of Eucalyptus. (No. 2152.)

Coremium glaucum, Link.

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2022, 2048.)

Polyactis fusca, Cke. 4' Ek.

Laete fusca, floccosa. Hyphis elongatis, parce ramosis, supra
hyalinis, infra fuscis, ramulis terminalibus brevissimis deciduis.
Sporis globoso-ovatis (*009 x *0075 mm.) hyalinis.

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2028, 2044.)

Menispora hyalina, Cke. Hk.

Effusum, albidum. Hyphis tenuis, erectis, hyalinis. Sporis
ad apicem fasciculatis, cylindricis, rectis vel leniter cur-
vulis, utrinque rotundatis, continuis, hyalinis ('Old-^OIG X *002
mm.).

On dead wood of Eucalyptus, mixed with a green Alga.

(No. 2159.)

Hardly conformable with the usual character in this genus ; the
threads are very delicate and colourless, but the spores are clustered
at the apices of the threads.

Monilia viirido-liava, Cke. & Hk.

C£espitula0 hemisphericEe, virido-flavas. Hyphis repentibus, laxe
ramosis, ramulis assurgentibus, hyalinis. (Sporis concatenatis,
globosis (’0035 mm.) hyalinis.

On dead Eucalyptus leaves. (No. 2163.)

Tufts 1-2 mm. broad, then confluent. Spores in chains at the
tips of the branchlets.

Septospozinm scyphophoYum, Cke. ^ Hark.

Effusura, atrum. Hyphis erectis, flexuosis, nodulosis, hinc illic
scyphaB-formibus ; sporis ellipticis, obtusissimis, merenchymaticis,
atro-olivaceis (•O^-’Od X •016-*018 mm.)

On bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2019.)

Threads closely resembling those of Cladotrichum scyphopho-
rum, Ca.

Peziza luteo-zubella, iVyZ,

On Eucalyptus bark.

(No. 2008.)

130

FUNGI ON EUCALYPTUS.

Peziza (Mollisia) carneo-xosea, Cke. ^ Hark.

Discoidea, sessilis, carneo-rosea, subcarnosa mm. diam.).
Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis (*005 x ‘003 mm.) Para-
physibns linearibus.

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (No. 2164.)

Peziza (Dasyscypha) xufo-olivacea, A. ^ S.

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (No. 2017.)

Peziza (Dasyscypha) cerina, P.

On Eucalyptus hdivk. (No. 2026.)

No. 2147 is a Lichen.

Dermatea eucalypti, Cke. S Hark.

Parva, erumpens, carnea, cupulis subsessilibus, solitariis, extus
obscurioribus (-^ mm.). Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis subfusoideis
utrinque obtusis (•02--03 x •01--012 mm.), quadrinucleatis, dein
pseudo-triseptatis, hyalinis. Paraphysibus flavidis.

On Eucalyptus. (No. 2148.)

Propolis versicolor, Fr.

On old bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2004.)

Stictis radiata, Fr.

On Eucalyptus (No. 2024.)

Hysterium pulicare, Fr.

On bark of Eucalyptus. (No. 2143.)

No. 2158 is a Hysterium without fruit, on leaves of Eucalyptus.

Kypocrea consimilis, Ellis.

On decorticated Eucalyptus. (No. 2038.)

Valsa eucalypti, Cke. ^ Hjt.

On twigs of Eucalyptus. (Nos. 2016, 2033, 2157.)

Lasiosphseria ovina, CP>)

On decorticated Eucalyptus. (No. 2166.)

Sphaeria mutila, Fr. var. Eucalypti.

On twigs of Eucalyptus . (No. 2013.)

Sphaeria recedens, Messi, in 2 hum. Myc. Uiiiv., No. 1748.

On bark of Eucalyptus. Portugal.

It may be mentioned here the difficulty which we have expe-
rienced in determining what is the species which Niessl had in
view. Our copy, as well as another which we examined, contains
a Sphoeria with asci one-tenth of a millemetre long, and biseriate,
hyaline, narrow, fusiform uniseptate sporidia, breaking easily at the
septum. The sporidia are •018-’02 x '003 mm. This is not the
Spliceria of the description which has “ asci T8-’25 mm. long,”
and “ sporidia cylindrical, unicellular, hyaline, *005 mm. long, and
scarce *001 mm. wide.” If the description is accurate, then are
the specimens published quite a distinct species, and should have
another name. It is much to be regretted that published types
are not more accurate.

131

FUNGI MACOWANIANL
By Eev. C. Kalchbrbnner.

(Continued from p.

Ag. (Crepidotus) pogouatus, K,

Pileis e resupinato reflexis, ocliraceis, mycelio byssoideo, late
effuso, albido-ochraceo insidentibus; lamellis 'in puncto excen-
trico concurrentibus, latiusculis, carneo-ochraceis, acie dilutioribus.
Sporae minutae, subglobosae.

In ramis emortuis, humi jacentibus mont. Boschberg ad Somers.
E. (MacOw., No. 1075).

Pileus ^-1 cent, latus, estrius. Ag. epicrocino, B. et Br. (Fung.
of Ceyl., No. 257), proximus et fors hujus varietas.

Ag. (Crepidotus) applanatus, P. Fr. Ep. 210.

In ligno humido, fabrefacto, vites hortorum fulciente.

Somers. E. (McOw. No. 1202).

Ag. (Psalliota) silvaticus, ScJiaff. Fr. Ep. 214.

Somerset E. (MacOw., Nos. 1192, 1432).

Stipes gracilis, aequalis ; caro tenuis rufescens.

Ag. (Psalliota) pratensis, L. var. Australis, Berlc. Fung. Uiteiihage,

No. 9.

In acervis destructis formicarum. Somerset E. (MacOw., No.
1421).

Speciosus, amplus, pileo ovato-hemispherico, albo, in squamas
latas, polygonales, concolores diffracto insignis, siccitate flavescens,
sed ob lamellas postice rotundatas, cinereas demumve umbrinas
certe huc referendus, licet a descriptione Berkeleyi 1. c. in quibus-
dam differat,

Ag. (Psalliota) campestris, L. Fr. Ep., 213.

Somers. E. Boschberg, 2500' altid., frequentior adhuc in plani-
tiebus mari propioribus (MacOw., 1010). Ad Bazuja Caffrariae
(Baur.).

(b) Praticola, pii. rufo squamoso (MacOw., No. 1428).

Ag. (Stropharia) melaspermus, Bull. Fr. Ep.2>\.Q.

Somerset East (MacOwan, No. 1389).

Ag. (Stropharia) olivaceo-flavus, E. et 31. Om.

Pileus carnosus, convexus, obtusus depressusve, laevis, glaber,
olivacea-flavus ; stipes cylindricus, farctus, basi turgescens, sub-
bulbosus, et fibris validis solo affixus, ceterum fibroso striatus, pileo
pallidior; annulus distans, lacerus persistens; lamellae plano ad-
natae, confertae, albido-purpureae, demum purpureo-nigricantes.
Caro lenta, alba. Sapor et odor nullus.

In arenosis saepe inundatis ad fluv. Klyn Yisch Kiver ; McOw.,
Nos. 1324, 1385). P. Natal (Wood, No. 244).

Pileus (viscosus ?) 4-6 centm, latus ; stipes 5-8 cent, long, 2-5

132

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

mm. crassus. Epidermis pilei liaud raro disrumpens, in quibus-
dam subviridascens, exsiccatione umbrina fit. Statura Ag. sterco-
rarii^ Fr., sed lamellie angustae.

Ag. (Strophaxia) obturatus^ F. Ep. 219.

Somerset East (MacOw.).

Ag. (Strophaxia) semiglob atus, Fr.Fp.2'10.

In fimo pratorum, ad Somers. E. (MacOw., No. 1006).

Ut videtur, ubique terrarum obvius !

Ag. (Kypholoma) fasciculaxis, Huds. Fr. Ep. 122.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 193).

Ag. (Hypholoma) capnolepis, K.

Pileus carnosus, hemisphaerico expansus, alutaceus, strato sub-
tili fibrilloso, fumoso vestitus, et hoc arcolatim disrumpente, squa-
mulosus ; stipes solidus, elongatus ; aequalis, basi bulbosus, fibrillis
striatus, pallidus ; lamellae adnatae, ventricosae, latissimae, confertae
(in siccis) fuligineae.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 337).

Pileus 2-3 unc. latus, stipes fere spithamaceus (5-7 unc.) 2 lin.
crassus. Fungus nobilis a proximo Ag. storea, Fr., et aliis hujus
gregis, indumento pilei et lamellis latissimis optime distinctus.

Ag. (Hypholoma) Candolleanus, Fr. Ep. 224.

Somerset E., ad pedem mont. Boschberg (MacOw., No. 1229).
Ag. (Psilocybe ?) taediosus, Xalcli., in “ Grevillea ” ix., p. 18.

Natal ad Inanda (Wood, No. a. 393).

Ag. sarcocephalo, Fr., proximus, sed multo tenerior et stipite
haud robusto distinctus.

Ag. (Psilocybe) semilanceatus, Fr. Ep. 231.

In solo pinqui mont. Boschberg; inter arbusta (MacOw.).

Ag. (Psilocybe) squalens, Fr. Ep. 226.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 383).

Ag. (Psilocybe) atxoxufus, Scli(zf. Fr. Ep. 230.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 193). Somerset E. (MacOw., No. 1378),
var. Montanus, Pers. Fr. Ep. 1. c. (Wood, No. 182).

Ag. (Psilocybe) foenisecii, Pers. Fr. Epi. 227.

In hortis. Somers. E. (MacOw., No. 1006, h. 1368, 1372).

In graminosis stercoratis ad fluv. Klyn Visch River (No. 1323).
Sincere fatendum distinctionem fungorum siccatorum hujus gre-
gis difficillimam esse nec indubiam !

Ag. (Psilocybe) udus, Fr. Ep. 228.

In inundatis, arenosis ad fluv. Klyn Visch River.

(MacOw., No. 1366, 1367, 1390).

Ag . (Psilocybe) exicaeus, P. Fr. Ep. 228.

Somerset E. (MacOw.).

Ag. (Psathyxa) coxxugis, Pers. Fr. Ep. 231.

“ Pileo pallide rubescente, granulato -nitente (atomato) fragili,
per exsiccationem, cinereo-brunneo.” MacOwan, in Sched.

In humidis, umbrosis, arenosis ripis flumin. Klyn Visch River,
inter frutices (MacOw., No. 1322 et 1391).

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

133

Ag. (Psathyra) spadiceo-griseus, Schceff. Ft\ 233.

“ Fragilis, udus, pileo campanulato, demum applanato, fisso,
brunneo (MacOwan, in Sched.).

In ligno putrido. Somerset East (MacOw., No. 1306).

P. Natal (Wood, No. 323, 336).

Ag. (Panaeolus) separatus, Linn. Fr. Ep. 234,

In vetusto stercore silvarum, montis Boschberg.

(MacOw., No. 1007).

Ag. (Panaeolus) papilionaceus, Fr. Ep. 236.

In fimo. P. Natal, Inanda (Wood, Nos. 379, 385).

Ag. (Panaeolus) campanulatus, Litin. Fr. Ep. 236.

In terra stercorata, ad montem Boschberg, inter frutices (MacOw.,
No. 1012).

Ag. (Panaeolus) fimicola, Fr. Ep. 237.

Somerset East (MacOw., Nos. 1089, 1183).

Ag. (Psathyrella) gracilis, Fr.

In pinquibus, ad Somers. E. (MacOw., Nos. 1202, 1379).

Ag. (Psathyrella) disseminatus, Pers. Fr. Ep. 244.

P. Natal. In pascuis humosis (J. M. Wood, Nos. 102, 400).
An Ag. subtilis ? oh stationem ?

Ag. (Psathyrella).

In solo humoso, locis apertis silvarum. Somerset E. (MacOw.,
Nos. 1373, 1376).

P. Natal (Wood, No. 382).

Coprinus punctatus, K. et CTce., in “ Grevillea ” ix., p. 18.

Natal, leg. (Wood, No. 415).

Coprinus ovatus, Fr. i/p. 242.

In arena humida, post inundationem fluvii, Klyn Visch Piver
(MacOwan, No. 1046).

Coprinus micaceus. Fr. Ep. 247.

Ad Bazuja Caflrari£e (Rev. Baur).

Coprinus truncorum. Fr. Ep. 248.

. Ad truncos emortuos, juxta ripas fluminis, Klyn Visch River,
pr. Somerset East (MacOw., No. 1214). P. Natal (Wood, No.
333).

Coprinus cinereus, Schceff. Fr. Ep. 246.

In fimo vaccino, Somerset E. (MacOw., 1214 pr. p.).

Coprinus curtus. K. et M. 0.

E minimis, gregarius, fragilis. Pileo conico- campanulato, 5-15
mm. alto, striatulo, primum- sub lente-rubiginoso-furfuraceo, dein
pulverulento, albido-griseo ; stipite fistuloso, glabro, in majoribus
15 mm., in atris 3-5 mm. alto, albo, lamellae egriseo-nigrae, acie
albicantes.

In solo humoso et fimo vetusto, inter frutices, ad pedem mont.
Boschberg (MacOw., No. 1014).

Coprinus radiatus, Besm. Fr. Ep. 2^1.

Somerset East, in fimo(M.Ow.).

134

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Coprlnus plicatilis, Curt. Fr. Ep.2h'2.

Somers. E. (Mac.Ow. No. 1375). P. Natal (Wood No. 367).

Ag, (Coprinus) ephemerus, Bull. Fr. Ep. 252.

In veliisto stercore ad fluY. Klyn Visch River (M.Ow. No.
1375). Berkl. Fung. Uitenhage, No. 12.

Bolbitius Boltoni. Fr.Fp.2^4i.

Affinibus robustior, pileo duas uncias et ultra lato, submem-
branaceo, margine, dense striato ; stipite aequali, basi modo incras-
sato, 6-10 cent, alto 4-5 mm. crasso, siccitate eximie striato ;
lamellis ferrugineis.

In fimeto antiquo, prope Somers. E.(MacOw. No. 1242).
Lamellarum colore a typo tantisper recedit.

Bolbitius firagilis, Linn. Fr. Ep. 254.

Somerset East (M.Ow.).

Bolbitius bulbillosus. Fr. Hym. cur. 334.

Somerset East (MacOw.).

Bolbitius mitxseformis, Harv. Berkl. Fang Deoad in Hook. Lond.
Journ. iii., 1877.

In vetusto stercose, fere in humum mutato in apricis graminosis
silvarum varo.

Somerset East (MacOw., No. 1002).

Paxillus panuoides. Fr.

Afr. Austral leg. M.Owan.

Hygrophoius virgineus, Jacq. Er. Ep. 327.

Somerset E. (M.Ow., No. 1364.)

Hygrophorus atro-coccineus. F.

Pileus convexus depressusve, coccineus, lamellis decurrentibus
obscurioribus.

P. Natal (Wood No. 364).

Habitus H. coccinei, aut H. miniati.

Hygrophorus discolor. K. et M.Ow.

Pileus membranaceus, fragilis, convexus, umbonatns vel dipressus,
rubro-aurantiacus ; stipes cylindricus, fistulosus, albus ; lamellse
rotundato-liberie, subdistantes, latie, ventricosa3, albae, hinc inde
lutescentes.

Incampis, prope Somerset East (MacOw., 1231).

Habitus Hygr. conici, sed hoc minor, haud conicus. Siccus
atrocinereus potius quam niger, nec nitens-I

Cantharellus foliolum , K.

Pileus membranaceus, e resupinato reflexus, suborbicularis,
glaber, albidus, siccitate pallide ochraceus vel rufescens, stipitello,
exccntrico vel sublaterati, evanescente ; lamellae obtusae, paucae
(4-5) vagae, maxime distantes, venosae, reticulatim conjunctae.

In ramentis siccis, ad Somers. E. (MacOw).

Siccatus, colore et venis parum prominentibus, creberrime
anastomosantibus folium aridum baud male refert. Cum Canth.
retirugo Fr. inquibusdam congruit ; at lignatilis est, et nihil cinerei
habet.

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

135

Marasmiu» Oireadoides, Passer. Fr. Hym. cur. 467.

In graminosis mont. Boscliberg (MacO.).

Mar.“ Oreadi omnino similis, sed minor, et ob stipitem basi
praimorsum, albovillosum huc potissimum referendus.

Marasmius splachnoides. Fr. Ep. 384.

Somerset East (MacOw.).

Maxasmius 'xotula. Fr. Ep. 385.

In foliis putridis (MacOw. }.

IXEaxasmius filaxis. K.elM.Om.

Pileo membranaceo, conico-campanulato umbilicato papillato,
3-4 mm. lato, fuscescente, sulcato ; stipite institio, filiformi, pro
ratione altisimo (6-7 cent.) e flocculoso glabrato, pileo obsbscuriore
rufo-fusco, apice pallido ; lamellis adnatis, distantibus, angustis,
albis.

In foliis putridis, ad radices fruticum, montis Boschberg (MacOw.,
No. 1100).

Circa papillam apicalem depressus et saepe insuper annulo pro-
minente ornatus.

Maxasmius sacchaxinus. Fr. Ep. 38G.

In fol. putridis (MacOw.).

Lentinus Lecomtei. Fr. Ep. 368.

A descriptione l.c. differt stipite valde excentrica, brevi,
coloreque subochraceo potius quam cervino ; sed Berkeley monet, se
Lent. Lecomtei ex Hungaria habere ; hungaricus vero fungus de
quo sermo esse potest, nil alind est quam multum ille vexatus
Panus rudis Scer.= Panus Hoffmanni Fr. in litt.= Ag. Sainsonii
Lev. (non Pan. rudis Quelet champ, de Jura tab. 17, fig 1) quem
ad Lentinos pertinere jam pridem suspicabamur. Hic vero cum
fungo Africano exacte congruit. Idem etiam in Rossia obvius
est.

Lentinus Zeyhexi. BerTd. Uitenh., No. 13. {sub. L. capxonato.

Fr. Ep. 389.)

In ligno mucido humi jacenti in silvis Boschberg (MacOw., No.
1078). P. Natal (Wood, 97).

A Berkeleyo l.c. optime descriptus ! Pileus saturate castaneo-
brunneus, fasciculato strigosus, squamosus vel fere nudus (= L.
hemipsilus Kalchbr. olim.). Haud rarus videtur.

Lentinus fastuosus. K. et M.Ow.

Pileo coriaceo, late infundibutiformi vel urceolata, margine
involuto, velutino-villoso setulosoque, saturate fusco-purpureo,
stipite solido, lento, gracili, villoso, subconcolore ; lamellas
decurrentes, angustae, sub- confertae, acie integrae, basi et ad mar-
ginem anastomosantes, purpurascentes.

In ligno fabrifacto udo, sub tegmine stramineo casulae cujusdam
pr. Somers. E. (MacOw., No. 1333).

Pileus 4-7 cents, latus, stipes 6-9 cent, longus 4-5 mm. crassus,
sursum incrassatus. Villi vel polius setae molles, haud inordinate
strigosae vel fasciculatae sed strictae, comtae, nitidulce.

136

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Lentinus Murxayi. K et. M.Ow.

E Cornucopioideis. — Pileo carnoso-coriaceo, tenui, primum
fragili demum rigido, profunde infundibulifonni, margine inflexo,
subobliquo, laevi, glabro, dilute cervino, infundo fere umbrino ;
stipite solido, brevissimo, subaequali, nudo ; lamellae in conum
inversum longe decurrentes, sublineares, vix anastomosantes,
acie integrae, pollidae, siccitate rufescentes. Caro alba. Odor sub-
anisatus.

C. B. Sp. ad.. East London, leg. A. E. Murray (M.Ow., No.
1297).

Pileus 8-14 cent, latus ; stipes 1-1^ cent, longus 5 mm. crassus.
Lentino Sajor Caju = Fr. Ep. 393, proximus ; differt tamen pileo
haud striato, aut fisso et vere infundibuliformi, nec modo umbilicato !

liCntinus misexculus. K.

Pusillus, pileo coriaceo, rigido, convexo vel leviter modo
umbilicato, concentrice rugoso tuberculatove, margine crenato-
plicato, glabro, ferrugineo ; stipite curto, tenui, pubescente, sub-
concolori ; lamellis adnatis, ventricosis, acie subserratis pallidis.
Somerset East (MacOw.), No. 1296.

Pileus 1 cent, latus, stipes -J-lJ cent, longus, vix 2 mm. crassus.
Nonnunquam testudineo-squamosus.

Lentinus Woodii. Kalchhr.

Pileo coriaceo-lento, subexcentrico vel prorsus laterali, irregulari,
lobato, leviter striolato, glabro, albo-flavente ; stipite solido, curto,
deorsum incrassato, nudo, subtoruloso ; lamellis longissime decur-
rentibus, confertis, angustis, strictis, acie integris, concoloribus.

P. Natal. Inanda (Wood, No. 118).

Proximus L. flori Meyer (Fr. Ep. 393), sed stipes non villosus
neo lamellse undulatae.

Lentinus hyxacinus. K.

Pileus carnoso-lentus, sessilis, semiorbicularis, basi angustatus,
2 cent, longus latusque, laevis, postice rugulosus, subtomentosus,
antice glaber, umbrinus ; lamell£e adnatae, confertae, angustae,
dentatae, creberrime anastomosantes, pileo pallidiores.

Somerset East (MacOw.).

Inter Lent, ursinum F. et L. castoreum F. medius, a priore
lamellis angustis, dentatis, nec laceris, a posteriore pileo haud
elongato, vel margine involuto distinctus.

Xerotus caffxozum. K et M.Ow.

Pileus membranaceo-coriaceus, integer, convexus, late umbili-
catus, radiatim rugosus, glaber, alutaceus ; stipes farctus, siib-
gequaiis, concolor ; lamellai adnato-decurreiites, distantes, crassie,
obtusa?, ramosa, immixtis paucis brevioribus, pallidae.

In densis silvis, sub fruticibus mont. Boscliberg (Mac.Ow., No.
1218, 1132, 1186). P. Natal, No. 371.

Pileus 2-4 cent, latus., stipes 4-9 cent, longus, 2-5 mm. crassus.
— Solitarius et subcoespitosus.

Schizophyllum commune. Fy . Ep. 403.

Somerset Fast, ad truncum Rhois villosae (MacOw.).

FUNai MACOWANIANI.

137

Schizophyllum flabellare. Fr. Ep. 403.

P. Natal (J. M. Wood, No. 93) .

Anthracophyllum de Cesat n.g. {Mycetum in itinere Borneensi a cl.
Beccari lectorun Enumeratio. Neapol., 1879.)

Genus Marasmiis affine, hjmenio extus intusque nigrescente,
lamellis arescentibus, exsiccatione immutatis et ipso cultro duris,
corneis (Cesat. l.c.). Genus hocce (= Plagiotus Kalch in Sched.)
hoc tempore unicam modo speciem complectitur, quam cel. E.
Fries ad Panum, cet. Leveille ad Xerotum relegavit, inter quos ob
sporas nigras habitum que alienum non sine difficultate in-
truditur.

Anthracophyllum nigrita, Lev. K. Panus melanophyllus, Fr.
Natal, p. 6. Xerotus nigrita. Lev. Anthracophyllum Beccarianum,
de Cesatf l.c.

Pileo tenui, tenaci, subsessili, orbiculari vel sublobato, radiatim
sulcato, alutaceo-rufescente ; stipitello brevissimo, evanescente ;
lamellis firmis, strictis simplicibus et furcatis, distantibus fuligineo-
nigricantibus. Spor^e minima, globosm nigrse.

P. Natal (Wood, No. 198).

Pileus 2-4 cent, latus, sulcis parallelis, ad modum Schizophylli
in lobos radiantibus ornatus.

Tilotus lenzitiformis. ' K. (provisj.

Stet hic, — ut ulteriori attentioni commendetur, sub nomine hoc
fungus maxime paradoxus, Lenzitem simulans, sed ab hoc tota
structura diversissimus. — Pileus fomentarius, suborbicularis, basi
dilatata adnatus, azonus, mollissime velutino tomentosus ; lamellis
latis, distantibus, simplicibus dimidiatisve, fuligineo-nigricantibus,
aeque ac pileus tomentosis ! Sporm ?

P. Natal. (J. M. Wood, No. 94).

Pileus planiusculus, pollicaris, cervinus una cum lamellis (!) e
fibris solidis, parce ramosis nodulosisque, contextus est. Procul
dubio novi generis typus, sed-proh dolor unicum modo specimen
adest et sporarum nullavestigia ! Ceterum cum Lenzite umbrina
Fr. multa habet communia.

Lenzites Falisoti. Fr. Ep. 1 p. 404. Snh varies formis.

In truncis, montis Boschberg leg.M.Ow., “1874 (No. 1066,
1065).

Dr. Ludwig Rabenhorst died at Meissen, on the 24th
April, in his 76th year. Although his original work was very
small, he will be remembered for the excellent exsiccati that he
issued, for “ Hedwigia,” which he established and conducted, and for
the useful manuals he edited.

11

138

THE CEDAR APPLES OF THE UNITED STATES.*

The scattered memoirs and observations of Professor Farlow
on United States Fungi, and the careful manner in which he is
known to pursue his investigations, at once obtains attention and
respect for his communications. As a philosophical and scientific
mycologist, he holds a position in his own country in which he is
without a rival, and in Europe he finds a ready and willing
audience whenever he speaks. Under these circumstances we wel-
come his monograph on the “ Gymnosporangia of the United
States,” whether or no we agree with his conclusions. It is, un-
fortunately, too much the habit in these days to seek for the new
rather than the true, and it becomes quite a relief to turn to
writings like the present, in which novelties are forgotten in a
patient investigation in search of the truth. If we open any recent
Continental memoir, of only two or three pages, on a mycological
subject, we find new theories, new genera, new combinations, new
fancies, in nearly every paragraph, until we are driven to the con-
clusion that these authors can believe in nothing but that which is
new. The “Lady Audley’s Secret” and “ Woman in White ”
type of science may have ardent admirers, as the originals have,
but there still remain a few who have not “ bowed the knee to
Baal,” and these will welcome the writings of Dr. Farlow.

The memoir before us commences with a history of the
modern theory of alternation of generations as applied to the
Uredineae, in which it is remarked — “ The views of De Bary and
Tulasne were, as a general rule, accepted by all the leading myco-
logists of the Continent, but were not so readily received by those
of Great Britain and again, referring to the connection between
Uredo and other final forms, &c., “ but British botanists remain
more or less sceptical on the subject.” Undoubtedly this is the
fact, not because' we are insensible to evidence, or are unduly pre-
judiced, but because, on the one hand, we recognise how easy it is
for the eye to see that which it wishes to see, and, on the other,
because our temperament does not lead us to catch up any new
theory and try to shape facts into accordance with it, rather than
judicially to balance facts, independently of theory. It may be
We that evidence presents itself with different force to diflerent
minds. We have not accepted certain conclusions, because the evi-
dence has not presented itself to our minds as conclusive. Take an
example — that which is quoted by Professor Farlow is Puccinia
graminis — it will serve as well as any other, by way of illustration.
It is contended that the sporidia do not grow except on the bar-
berry, and thereon produce jPcidium Berheridis ; also that the

* “ The Gymnosporangia, or Cedar Apples of the United States,” by
W. G. Farlow. “Anniversary Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural
History,” 1880 ; 4to., p. 38.

THE CEDAR APPLES OF THE UNITED STATES.

139

spores of y^cidium Berberidis germinate on grasses, producing rust
{Uredo), and finally Fuccinia. We must admit that in all grasses
there is an undoubted tendency to produce the Uredo and Fuccinia,
although many miles distant from a barberry, or even in countries
where no barberry is known. Also, if any parasite at all is to be
found on the living barberry, lih^Fcidium Berberidis. Supposing
that, experimentally, the Fuccinia is sown on the barberry, and
the result is the production of jBcidium Berberidis, what does this
prove ? Absolutely nothing ! No one can possibly contend that
it proves anything. Sow the spores of Uredo filicum on leaves of
the gooseberry, and the result may be the production of jEcidium
Grossularice. What is the inference ? Absolutely nothing ! In
the one case, as in the other, the chain is broken. The toad spawn
produces a newt or a lizard. It is not like producing like, and
hence the evidence must be indisputable, and not problematical.
There must be stronger evidence necessary to establish the fact of
the development of 2^0. ,uEcidium from a Uredo spore than of an
jF.cidium from an Mcid.iwm spore. In like manner there must be
stronger evidence of a lizard being developed from the ova of a toad
than from the ova of a lizard. Is there stronger evidence that
the Fuccinia sown on barberry really produces an jFcidium than
would be required to prove that the .^cidium spores produced the
^cidium ? It cannot be forgotten, it must not be ignored, that
the parasite of the barberry naturally is the very one which is
said to be produced experimentally. We contend that it would
have made its appearance even had not the Fuccinia spores been
sown ; that the supposed cause is not a true cause ; that the true
cause acted in opposition to the supposed cause. And what evi-
dence is there to oppose to our allegation ? For the sake of argu-
ment (as it applies to all those cases in which one supposed con-
dition of a Uredine is passed on plants of one genus, and the ulti-
mate condition upon another), we have an undoubted right to
demand — not that the theory should be assumed, but that the fact
should be incontrovertibly established — that Fuccinia spores sown
on barberry produce Mcidium Berberidis ; that ^cidium Ber-
beridis would not have been produced on that plant but for the
sowing of the Fuccinia. The same argument applies to the grasses
and the ^cidium spores. Sow spores of the JEcidium upon
young wheat, protect it from all other influences, and the result is
the common Uredo, succeeded by Fuccinia. This may well be the
case, and yet the spores of the yEcidium may not have produced
the Uredo. It is useless repeating the argument again. Every
blade of wheat gives evidence of the presence of the Uredo with-
out any sowing of ^cidium ; and why multiply causes ? If the
sowing of the germs of one kind of parasite upon a host results
in the production of another kind of parasite, and not the one
sown, then the evidence must be produced in an unbroken chain,
and must be positive, and not problematical, or the assumed cause
cannot be accepted as a true cause, It is useless to call people

140

THE CEDAR APPLES OF THE UNITED STATES.

prejudiced or fools, because their minds are so constituted that
they cannot believe contrary to evidence, or because they will not
give up a belief, at command, without satisfactory evidence. It
matters nothing to us which is the truth ; we hold to that which
we conscientiously believe to be true until we are convinced of our
error. If in our garden we sowed oats, and they persistently
grew up and produced wheat, we do not think that we should be in
haste to condemn any who dared to doubt our affirmation of such
an extraordinary phenomenon, even if we had unusually strong
evidence in our own support. Once, and for all, let us emphatically
repudiate any insinuation that in these observations we have Dr.
Farlow in view. We know each other better, and we have only
taken advantage of this opportunity to justify our scepticism.
It applies even more thoroughly to the Gymnosporangia and
Rcsstelice, and something of this Dr. Farlow must himself have felt
when he wrote the last sentence of his memoir : — If it should be
shown that several of our Ecestelice are perennial — a fact true with
regard to most of our Gymnosporangia — and to grow in regions
remote from species of Juniperus and Cupressus, then one could not
help feeling that any connection between the two genera was pro-
bably accidental rather than genetic.” We have all possible re-
spect and esteem for many of the men who have written their ex-
periences on this subject. We have every belief in their integrity,
that they fully believed every word that they have written ; and
yet, with our own experience of the difficulties — the superlative
difficulties — in experimental cultures, we are bound to accept the
possibility of their having been deceived.

It is by far the most pleasant part of our duty to revert to the
monograph before us, and to give it our unqualified approbation.
Would that a few more of the mycologists of the day could be
induced to forego their species-mongering and inordinate multi-
plication of synonomy — which is a burden and hindrance, and not
a benefit — and devote themselves to work like this. Not a single
species, and only one solitary name of a variety, has Farlow ” at
the end of it. This is certainly not a consummation which Tvould
meet with the approval of our Continental friends. Here, per-
haps, is the valid and substantial reason why the “ sensational ”
is preferred to the “ true.” Our sympathies are with the latter.

At page 12 is an observation which we most cordially en-
dorse. It is to the following effect ; — “ In spite of the fact
that in certain details G. Ellisii differs from the majority of the
other species of Gynmo sporangium, it seems to me that Kornicke
is not warranted in establishing anew genus Hamaspora, founded
on two species — G. Ellisii, growing on Cupressus thyoides, and
Fhragmidium longisswium {Thum'), growing on Rubus rigidus at
the Cape of Good Hope ” — and so on to the end of the paragraph.
Certainly the two species are not congeneric, and this would be
evident to anyone examining them free of prejudice, and with any
regard to natural affinity, as distinguished from artificial analogy.

THE CEDAR APPLES OF THE UNITED STATES.

141

Although not disposed entirely to concur in regarding Phrag-
midium longissimum as a good Phragmidium, we are prepared to
contend for Gymnosporangium Ellisii as a Gymnosporangium with
which the other has no natural relationship. Finally, we hope
that Dr. Farlow will “ go on and prosper ’’ with the other and
allied Fungi of the United States.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.

The first part of this work contained 20 plates, in colours,
principally of species in the subgenus Amanita. The second part,
already issued, included 16 plates, principally of Lepiota and
Armillaria. The third part, now being published, consists of
Lepiota and part of Tricholoma. The fourth part, now in prepara-
tion, is almost entirely of Tricholoma. It is expected that a
fifth part, including some of Tricholoma, and a portion of Clitocybe,
will be issued during the current year. This will represent about
84 plates, and the same number of species of Hymenomycetes. An
increased sale, of about fifty copies per part, would warrant an
accelerated issue of six parts per annum, which the present sale
would not justify. It is hoped that British Mycologists will, in
this manner, show' their appreciation of the practical value of
such a publication, the like of which has never before been at-
tempted at so moderate a price.

“ Mycographia.” — Enquiries have been made from time to time
whether this work is intended to be proceeded with, and when?
It has certainly been our intention to go on with the second
volume, for which the drawings are made, but we have hesitated
to venture on such a serious pecuniary undertaking, inasmuch as
nearly fifty of the original subscribers to the first volume are
either dead, removed, or from some other reason have ceased to
stand as subscribers to Volume II. This would reduce the num-
ber to fifty less than for Volume I., and even that was inadequate.
We are willing to forego any pecuniary return for the labour and
anxiety of preparing such a work, but do not feel justified in being
out of pocket in addition. As soon as we are put in possession
of the names of fifty subscribers, so as to raise the number to a
sufficient amount to cover the major expenses, we are quite ready
to proceed with and complete the second volume. When it is
remembered that we have laboured for twelve years on mycological
publications, and never yet realized the cost of production (leaving
remuneration entirely out of the question), the course now adopted
will be admitted as prudent and justifiable. — M. C. Cooke,

1

142

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

An enumeration of the species hitherto recorded as occurring in
Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe’s Island, &c. — exclusive of New
Zealand — with figures of some of the species described by the Rev.
C. Kalchbrenner.

HYMENOMYCETES, Fr.

Ord. 1. Agaricini, Fr.

Gen. 1. Agaricus, Linn.

Ag. (Amanita) Fxeissii, Fr. PI. Preiss,;p. 131.

West Australia.

Ag. (Amanita) ananaeceps. Perlc. Hook. Jonrn. vii., p. 512.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Amanita) vaginatus, Bull. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 27. Cooke, Illust.

t. 12.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) procerus, Scop. Fr. HynuEur., p. 29. Cooke, Illust. f. 21,
Tasmania. Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) excoriatus, Fr. Hym. Eui'.,p. SO. Cooke, Illust.,

t. 23.

W. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) clypeolarius, Bull. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 32. Cooke,

Illust, t. 38.

Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) subclypeolarius, B. ^ C. Journ. Linn. Soc. x., p. 283.

Victoria.

Ag. (Lepiota) cristatus, tt’ >8. Fr.Hym.Eur.,p.SS. Cooke, Illust.

t. 29.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Lepiota) lepidophorus, Bej'k. Sf Br. F^mgi Ceylon, p.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Lepiota) leontoderes, Berk. <b Br. Fungi Ceylon, p. 499.
Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) rhyparophorus, Berk. Sf Br. Fungi Ceylon, p. 500.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Lepiota) granulosus, Batsch. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 36, Cooji-e,

Illust., t. i8.

Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) mesomorphus, Bull. t. 506,/. 1. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 38.
Victoria.

Ag. (Lepiota) australius, F?', PI. Preiss,p. 13 h
W. Australia,

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

143

Ag. (Lepiota) Becklezl, ^erA. Linn. Journ. xiii.p. 166.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Lepiota) bubalinus, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., p. 156.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Lepiota) rhizobolus, Berk. Hook. Joiirn., lSi5, p. 4:2.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Lepiota) cheimonoceps, Berk. <f Curt. Cuban Fungi, y. 283.
Queensland.

Ag. (Lepiota) aspratus, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1847, p. 481.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Armillaria) melleus, Vahl. Lr. Hym.Bur., p. 44. Cooke, lllust.

t 32.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Armillaria) subannulatus, Batsch. Consp.,f. 17. Fr. Hym. Eur.,
41., sub. A. robustus.

Victoria.

Ag. (Tricholoma) nudus, Bull.,t. 439. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 72.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Ag. (Tricholoma) maculentus, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1^45., p. 4d.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Tricholoma) grossus, Berk. Fl. Tasm., ii., 242.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Clitocybe) gilvus, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 95. Fl. Ban., t. 1011.
W. Australia.

Ag. (Clitocybe) inversus, Seop. Fr, Hym, Eur,, 97. Bull,, t. 553.
Victoria, Tasmania.

Ag. (Clitocybe) schizophyllus, Berk, Fl, Tasm, ii., 242.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Clitocybe) curtipes, Fr. Hym, Eur. p. 81," Fr. Leon,, t, 48, /. 5.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Clitocybe) laccatus, /8(70^7. Fr, Hym. Eur., lOS, Bull. t.tlO, f. \,
Victoria, Tasmania.

Ag. (Collybia) radicatus, Belh. Fr. Hym. Eur., 109. Grev. Fl. Scot.,

t. 217.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania.

Ag. (Collybia) eradicatus, JTaZe/i. Grev.viii.p.lhl.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Collybia) morulus. Berk. Fl. Tasm. 1. 1^1, f.l.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Collybia) laccatinus. Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 383.

Moreton Bay.

Ag. (Collybia) esculentus, Wulf., in Jacq. Coll, ii., t. 14, f, 1. Fr,

Hym. Eur., 121.

Victoria.

Ag. (Collybia) lepidopus, Fr. PI. Preiss, p.l9\.

W. Australia.

Ag. (miycena) trachycephalus, M. Js Kalck. Grev, viii., p. 161 ;
{PI. 142, fig. 1.)

144

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Ag. (Mycena) tuberigena, Berli. Limi. Journ, xiU.^'p.

Victoria.

Ag. (Mycena) cxinalis, Berlc. Hook. Jour/i., 1846, p. 44.

W. Australia.

Ag. (IWEycena) debilis, Bull. t. 518, /. P. Fr. Hym. Ear., p. 146.
Fr. Icon., t. 82, f. 4.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (IWCycena) cozticola, Schum. Fr. Rym, Eiir., 152, Fr. Icon.,

t. 85, /. 2.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Mycena) speizeus, Fr. Hym. Eu7\, 147. Fr. Icon., t.78,/.2.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Mycena) capillazis, F7'. Hym. Eur., 153. Fr.lco7i.,t.84!,f.6.

Victoria, Tasmania.

Ag. (Mycena) juncicola, Fr. Hym. Eur., 154. Fr. Icon., t.35,f. 6.
Victoria.

Ag. (Mycena) cohaezens, A. Sr S. Fr. Hym. Eur., 137. F7\ Icon.,

t. 80, /. 1.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Mycena) galeziculatus, 8cop. Fr. Hym. Eur., 138. ScTioeff.

Icon., t. 52.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Mycena) atzocyaneus, Batsch. Comp., t. 87. Fr. Hym, Eur.,

p. 141.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Mycena) intezzuptus, Berk. FI. Tasm.,t. 151, f.2.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Mycena) silenus, B. cfe Br., in Linn. Jouim , xi., p. 524.
Queensland.

Ag. (Omphalia) scyphifozmis, Fr. Hym. Eur. 159. Fr. Icon., t. 75, f. 3.

Queensland.

Ag. (Omphalia) oniscus, Fr. Hym. Eur. ,158. Fr.Icon.,t.76,f.3.

Queensland.

Ag. (Omphalia) pyxidatus, Bull., t. 568, /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 157.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Omphalia) umbellifezus, Linn. Fr. Hym. Eur., 160. FI.

Dan., t. 1015.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Ag. (Omphalia) setipes, Er. Hym. Eur., 164. Bull., t. 580, f. 2.
Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Omphalia) hbula, Bull., t. 186 ; 550,/. 1. Er. Hym. Eur. 164.
W. Australia, S. Australia.

Ag. (Omphalia) hydzogzammus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 154. Fr. Icon., t. 71.
N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Omphalia) pumilio, Kalch. Grev. iHi., p. 151, {PI. 112, fig, 2.)
N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Omphalia) epichysium, Pers. Ic. Piet., t. 13, f. 1. Fr. Hym,

Eur., p. 158.

Tasmania.

GREVILLEA

PL. 143.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

GREVILLEA.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Australian fungi.

145

Ag. (Omphalia) carneo-zufulus, BerTi, FI. Tasm,, t. f.‘d.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Omphalia) flavo-croceus, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 244.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Omphalia) integrellus, P&rs. Ic. et Besc., f. 13,/. 1. Fr, Hym.
Eur.j p. 165. Fr. Icon.^ t. 75,/. 6.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Omphalia) gomphomozphus, Linn. Journ, xviii., p.ZBiZ.

Queensland.

Ag. (Omphalia) Mullezianus, Berk.y in Herb, Berkeley^

Gipps’ Land.

Ag. (Omphalia) gracillimus, Weinm. Lr. Hym. Eur., 165. Er.
Icon., t. 75, f. 6,

Victoria.

Ag. (Fleurotus) lampas, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, p. 44.

Ag. Noctilucus, Berk.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Ag. (Fleurotus) candescens, Mull. Linn. Journ. xiii., p. 157.
Victoria.

Ag. (Fleurotus) illuminans, Linn. Journ. xiii., p. 157.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) Gardner!, Be7'k. Hook. Journ., 1840,^. 427.
Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) corticatus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 166.

Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) atrocseruleus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 179. Saund, ^ Sm.,

t. 6, f. 1.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Fleurotus) applicatus, Batsck., Consp., t. 125. Fr. Hym. Eur. 180.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) scabriusculus, Be7'k. Linn. Journ. xiii., 157.
Victoria.

Ag. (Fleurotus) eucalyptorum, P?*. PI. P7'6iss, p.lSl.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Fleurotus) limpidus, Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 177. Er. Icon.,t.^S,f.5.

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Fleurotus) caryophyllus, Linn. Journ. xiii., \ 57,

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Fleurotus) Guilfoylei, Linn. Journ. xiii., 15^.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) perpusillus, Fr. H^jm. Eur., 181. FI. Dan., t. 1295,/. 1.
W. Australia.

Ag. (Fleurotus) sordulentus, B. <k Br. in Hei'b. Berkeley.
Queensland.

Ag. (Fleurotus) chioneus, Pei's. Myc. Eur. Hi., t, 26,/. 10,11. Fr.

Hym. Eur., p. 181.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Fleurotus) lenticula, ^aZc/i. Grer. viii.,p. 151, (PI. \4i2,Jig. 3),
Queensland.

12

146

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Ag. (Pleurotus) laeticoloir, Kalch. Grev. viii.^jp, 151, (Pi. 4).

N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Fleuxotus) luteo-auxantius, KalcTi. Grev. viii.,p. 151, {PI. 142,

fig. 5).

N., S. Wales.

Ag. (Pleurotus) imberbis, Kalch. Grev. viii.,p. 152, (Pi. 142, fig. 6).
N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Pleurotus) abbreviatus, Kalch. Grev. viii., p. 152, {PL 14:2, Jig. 7).
N. S. Wales.

Ag. (Pleurotus) tephrophanus, FI. Tasm. ii., 244.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) phosphorous, Hook. Journ., vii., p. 572.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) diversipes, Berk. FI., Tasm. t. 181, /. 4.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) Tasmanicus, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii.,245.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) bursseformis, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 245.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) affixus, Berk, in Herb. Berkeley.

On Eucalyptus amygdalina. Tasmania.

Ag. (Pleurotus) Baileyi, B. SfBr. in Herb. Berk.

{= Lentinus fulvo -atomatus, B. & Br.)

Brisbane.

Ag. (Pleurotus) semisupinus, B. Br. Linn. Journ. xi., 529.

(= Ag. nidulus, B. & C.)

Brisbane.

Ag. (Pleurotus) Thozetii, Lin7i. Journ. xviii., p. B83.

Queensland.

Note. — Agaricus palmatus, Bull., t. 216, is transferred to Crepi-
datus, on account of the colour of the spores.

Agaricus hepatotrichus, Berk., is a species of Lentinus.
Agaricus ai'enicola. Berk., is Panus.

Ag. (Volvaria) xanthocephalus, Bei'k. Hook. Jouin. (1845), i). 45.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Volvaria) Taylori, Berk. Outl. p. 140. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 183.
Saund. 8m. t. 33, J. 1 .

Tasmania.

Ag. (Pluteus) cervinus, Scliceff. t. 10. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 185.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Entoloma) panniculus, Berk. Pl. Tasni.t. 181, f. 5.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Nolanea) pascuus, Pers., in Schwf. t. 22 L Fr. Hym. Eur,,

p. 206.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Acetabularia) cycnopotamia, Berk, in Linn. Journ. xviii., p. 389.
Swan River.

Ag. (Pholiota) praecox, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur.p, 217 Latell. t. 608.

W. Australia.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

147

Ag. (Pholiota) allantopus, BerTi. Hook. Journ. (1845), 2?. 45.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Pholiota) pudicus, Fr. Hym. Eur.p. 218. Bull. t. 597, f. 2, B.S.
Victoria.

Ag. (Pholiota) pumilus, Fr. Hym. Bur.p. 226. Fr. Icon. t. 105,/. 4.
N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Pholiota) mutabilis, Bchoeff.t. 9. Fr. Bym. Eur. p. 22^.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Pholiota) eriogenus, Fr. PI. Priess. p. 132.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Pholiota) congestus, Kaloh. (PI. 145, /. 27).

Fasciculari-csespitosus. Pileus carnosus, campanulatus, pisi
magnitudine (in specimine valde adhuc juvenili !) cum stipite
deorsum attenuato, floccoso squamulosus, subfurfuraceus, fuscescens.
Annulus floccosus. Lamellse subdecurrentes, angustee, confertae,
olivaceo-ferrugineae. Kalchh. in litt.

Australia, Daylesford.

Habitus. Ag. squarrosi (MiilL), sed hoc multe minor. Indumen-
tum floccoso-furfuraceum facile detergitur.

Ag. (Pholoota) effusus, Kalch.

Lignatilis. Pileus carnosus, subglobosus, obtusus, in arcotas
verrucosas, polygonas abiens, albus ; stipes concolor, solidus,
cylindricus sursum leviter attenuatus laevis, basi in mycelium
membranaceum, latum effusus. Annulus membranaceus, per-
sistens, albus. Lamellae adnatae, confertae, luteo-ferrugineae.
Kalchh. in litt.

Australia, Daylesford.

Ag. (Hebeloma) nudipes, Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 242. Kalch. Hung.

t. 14, /. 4.

Queensland.

Ag. (Inocybe) lanuginosus, Fr. Hym. Eur.p. 227 {nec. Bulliard).

W. Australia.

Ag. (Inocybe) gomphodes, Kalch. Qrev. viii., 152, {Pl. 142,/. 8).

N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Flammula) sapineus, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 251.

N.S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Flammula) penetrans, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 250.

S. Australia, Victoria, N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Flammula) picreus, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 251.

Queensland.

Ag. (Flammula) flavidus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 248.

N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Flammula) peregrinus, Fr. Pl. Preiss., p. 132.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Naucoria) frusticola, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., p. 158.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Naucoria) Drummondi, Berk. Hook. Journ. (1845), p. 46.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Naucoria) Bo'wmanni, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii.,p. 128.
Queensland.

148

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Ag.(Naucoria) anguineus, Fr.Eym. Eur.,p. 255.

Queensland.

Ag. (Naucozia) nasutus, Kalch. Grev. viii., 152, (PI. 142,/. 9).

N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Naucozia) pediades, Fr. Eym. Eur., x>> 260.

Australia.

Ag. (Galeza) tenez, Schoeff. t. 70, f. 6-8. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 2Q7.
Victoria, Tasmania.

Ag. (Galeza) hypnozum, Batsch. Consjj.f. 96. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 270.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Galeza) conocephalus. Bull. t. 563,/. 1. Fr. Epic., 205.

N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Tubazia) fuzfuzaceus, Pers. Fr. Hym. Fur.,p, 272.

Tasmania, Victoria.

Ag. (Tubazia) inquilinus, Pers. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 274i.

N.S. Wales.

Ag. (Czepidotus) globigeza. Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii.,p. 158.

Victoria.

Ag.l(Czepidotus) lepton, Berfc. Hook. Journ. (1845),^. 46.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Czepidotus) mollis, Schceff. t. 213. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 275.

W. Australia, Victoria.

Ag. (Czepidotus) hepatochzous. Berk. Hook. Joum vii., 674.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) intezceptus, Berk. FI. Tasm. 1. 181,/. 6.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) auzicula, Be7'k. Fl. Tasm., p. 246.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) insidiosus. Berk. Hook. Journ. vii., 574. Fl. Tasm.

a., p. 246.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) cassiaecoloz. Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii.,p. 246.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) leptomozphus, Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii.,p, 246.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) tuzbidulus, Berk, in Herk. Berkeley.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Czepidotus) palmatus. Bull. t. 216. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 275.

Tasmania.

Ag. (Psalliota) campestzis, Linn. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 279.

S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N.S. Wales, Queensland.

Ag. (Psalliota) azvensis, Schceff. t. 310-311. Fr. Hym. Fur.,p. 278.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Psalliota) vezsipes, Berk <L' Br. {?J

Queensland.

Ag. (Stzophazia) semiglobatus, Batsch. f. 110. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 287.

W. xlustralia, S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N.S. Wales.
Ag. (Hypholoma) dispezsus, Fr. Hym. Fur., p, 292.

W, Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

149

Ag. (Hypholoma) fasiculairis, Huds. Fr. Hyni. Eur.^ p. 291. Sow.

t. 225.

S. Australia, Tasmania.

Ag. (Psathyra) Sondexianus, Berk. Linn. Jonrn. xiii.y 159.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Psilocybe) spadiceus, Schenff., t. 60, /. 4-6. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 302.
Tasmania.

Ag. (Psilocybe) ericaeus, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 298. FV. PI. Preiss.

p. 132.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Psilocybe) atrorufus, Schceff. t. 234. Fr. Hym. Fur., p. 300. Fr.

PI. Preiss, p. 133.

W. Australia.

Ag. (Panaeolus) papilionaceus. Bull. t. 561, /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur.,

p. 311.

Victoria.

Ag. (Panaeolus) phalaenarum, Bull. t. 58. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 310.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Panaeolus) campanulatus, Linn. Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 311. Bull.

t. 561,/., 2 L.

Ag. (Psathyrella) trepidus, Fr. Hym. Eur., p. 314. Pers. Myc. Eur. Hi.

t. 29, /. 1.

S. Australia.

Ag. (Psathyrella) hiascens, Fr. Hym. Eur.. p. 314. Bull. t. 552, / 2,

F.G.

Queensland.

Ag. (Psathyrella) disseminatus, Pers. Syn., 403. Fr. Hym. Eur.,

p. 316.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.

BEITISH PALMELLACEiE.

It appears to us that a preliminary list of the Pahnellacece ,
hitherto recorded for the British Isles, would be useful as a basis
for a more complete and perfect catalogue. It is universally
acknowledged amongst us that we are deplorably ignorant of what
Fresh Water Algae have been found (except Desmids and Diatoms)
since the time of Hassall’s work. A first step will, therefore, be
an imperfect one, but without a first, we can scarce hope for a
second.

Eremosphoeira vixidis, DBary. Rahh. Alg. Hi., y. 24.

Chlorosphcera Oliveri, Henf. Micr. Jour., 1859, p. 25.
Pleuxococcus vulgaxis, 3Ier. Rob. Alg. Hi., p. 24.

Chlorococcus vulgare, Grev. Sc. Crypt. FI., t. 262.

Protococcus vulgaris, Kutz. Hass. t. 81, f. 5.

Pleuxococcus mucosus, Babh. Alg. Hi., 26.

Hcematococcus theriacus, Hass. t. 78, f. 9.

Gloeocystis ampla, Kutz. Rah. Alg. Hi., 29.

Pleurococcus superha, Micr. Journ., 1866, p. 63.

150

BRITISH PALMELLACE^.

Gloeocystis adnata {Iluds). Rah. Alg.iii., 31.

Berkeley’s Gleanings, t. xv., f. 2.

Gloeocystis vesiculosa, Nag. Rah. Alg. in., 29.

Requires confirmation.

TJxococcus Hookexianus, RerTc. Rahk. Alg. in., 31. Hass. t.S0,/.4.
Urococcus insignis, Has., t. 80, /. 6 a. b., under Hwmatococcus.

Rabh. Alg. iii., p. 31.

Urococcus Allmanni, Hass., t. 80, f. 3., under Hcematococcus.

Rabh. Alg. iii., p. 32.

Urococcus cryptophilus, Hass.,t. 80,/. 1., under Hcematococcus.
Rabh. Alg. iii., p. 32.

Falmella mucosa, Kutz. Rah. Alg. iii.,p. 33.

Falmella Mooreana, Harv. Rahh. Alg. iii.,p. 34.

Coccochloris Mooreana, Hass. t. 78, f. 1. a, h.

Falmella hyalina, Breh. Rahh. Alg. iii., p. 33. ( Grev. Sc Crypt.

FI., t. 21.7?)

? Zoogloea termo, Cohn. Rahh. Alg. iii., 35.

Tetraspora bullosa, Ag. Rahh. Alg. iii.,p. 38. Eng. Bot., t. 2405.
Ulva hullosa, Hass., t. 78, f. 13.

Tetraspora gelatinosa, Desr. Rahh. Alg. iii., p. 4:0.

Tetraspora lubrica, Ag. Rahh. Alg. Hi., p. 41. Erg. Bot., t. 2407
Hass., t. 78, f. 10.

Tetraspora flava, Hass., t. 78, /. 11. Rahh. Alg., iii..p. 42.
Botryococcus Braunii, Kutz. Rahh. Alg. Hi , p^ 43. Micr. Journ.,

1870,^. 88.

Apiocystis Brauniana, Hag. Rahh. Alg, iii., 43. Fresen. Beitr., t.
xi.,f. 1-20. Henfrey, Micr. Joiirn., 1856, t. iv., f. 26, 27.

Rhaphidium aciculare, Braun. Rahh. Alg. Hi., p. 46.

Ankistrodesmus acutissimus, Arch. (1861), t. ii. f. 44-56.
Rhaphidium falcatum ( Corda). Rahh. Alg. Hi., p. 45.

Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Ralfs. Desm., t. 34, f. 3.

Rhaphidium duplex, Kutz.

R. polymorphum, d. sigmoideum, Rabh. Alg. hi., p. 45.
Scenedesmus duplex, Ralfs. Desm., t. 34, f. 17.

Dictyosphserium Ehrenbergianum, Nag. Rahh. Alg. iH., 47. Micj'.
Journ., 1866, p. 127.

Dictyosphaerium reniforme, Buln. Rahh. Alg. Hi., p. 47. Micr.

Journ., 1868,^. 65.

Bictyosphaerium constrictum, Archer. Micr. Journ., 1866, p. 127.

Micr. Journ,, 1872, xii., p. 422. 1875, xv.,p. 415.

Hormospora ramosa, Thw. Rah. Alg. Hi., p. 49. Harv. Phyc. Bntt,

t. 213.

Hormospora transversalis, B7'eh. Rahh. Alg. Hi., p. 49. Micr.

Journ., 1867, p. 172. 1871, p. 98.

Hydrurus Bucluzelii, Ag. Rahh. Alg, Hi., 50. Hass. t. 77, /. 3.
Nephrocytium Agardhianum, Nag. Rahh. Alg. Hi., 52. Micr. Journ.,

1866, p. 72.

Oocardium crustaceum (Hass.)

Lithonema crustaceum, Hass., t. 65, f. 3.

Cosmocladium saxonicum, Rahh. Alg. iii., o4, Micr. Journ.,

1867, p. 298.

BRITISH PALMELLACE^.

151

BXischococcus confexvicola, Nag. Raih. Alg. iii., 54.

Specimen from Kev. K. C. Douglas.

The Editor solicits well authenticated additions to the foregoing
list, with enumeration of localities.

MIMICKY IN FUNGI.

By The Editor.

For thirty or forty years the term “ mimicry ” has been applied
to certain resemblances in plants to those of other species often
widely separated from them. It has been objected that the term
implies a conscious imitation, of which plants are incapable, and
hence another term, that of “ homoplasy,” has been proposed, but
not generally adopted ; therefore, with all its imperfections, we
prefer to adhere to the one which is best known. We will not
assume that the resemblances to which we wish to call attention
are other than remarkable coincidences, but even as such they are
worthy of note. Although a number of instances have been
indicated amongst flowering plants, very slight attention has been
paid to these coincidences in cryptogams. Nevertheless, several
instances have been adduced by Mr. Worthington Smith,* to which
others may be added. These are chiefly confined to the Agaric
family, and although some of them striking, they are scarcely so
satisfactory as they would have been had the resembling plants
been further removed from each other. Thus, one poisonous
species, Agaricus, Heheloma, fastihilis, greatly resembling in
appearance the edible mushroom, Agaricus^ Fsalliota, campestris,
came up in great numbers upon a mushroom bed, and might have
caused a disastrous result, had not the fact been detected by an
adept. Another instance was that of a mass of fungi which also
made their appearance on a mushroom bed. At first sight these
closely resembled the variety of an edible species which not un-
usually comes up in clusters on old beds. It has white spores,
with a lobed and undulated white pileus {^Agaricus, Clitocyhe, deal-
batus). The imitating fungus had the same wavy cap, white
colour, and fungoid odour, but the spores were pink, and its
structural features were distinctly those of quite a different species
{Agaricus, Clitopilus, orcella). In this instance both species were
quite innocuous. Two wholly distinct but very similar fungi
commonly grow together on wood ashes, or scorched places, where
charcoal has been burnt ; these are Cantharellus carbonarius and
Agaricus, Collybia, atratus. In similar localities, and under like
conditions, two other diverse fungi are ordinarily found growing
together, Agaricus, Flammula, carbonarius and Agaricus, Flam-
mula, spumosus, but these are very closely allied species. Simi-
larly also the closely allied Agaricus, Hyplioloma, fascicularis and
Agaricus, Hyplioloma, capnoides, or another pair, Agaricus,
Flammula, alnicola, and Agaricus, Flammula, conissans, are

* “Gardener’s Chronicle,” February 10, 1877.

152

MIMICRY IN FUNGI.

scarcely unexceptional instances, as compared with each other, but
either of the first may be taken with either of the last pair, and
the coincidence of colour, form, size, mode of growth, and even
habitat, is complete. With any of these the recently described
Agaricus, Clitocybe, Sadleri, with white spores, have a
striking resemblance. So that here we have five yellow species
found growing on wood, to which three or four others might be
added, were they not so closely allied to those already named,* and
an ordinary observer would regard all as the same species.
There is, however, a small Agaric which is known to the majority
of mycologists from its strong odour of stinking fish {Agaricus
cucumis). It grows on the ground and upon fragments of dead
wood, and has red-brown spores. Yet there is an imitator in a
small fungus with white spores found in just the same localities
with the identical fishy odour. According to all authority and
experience the difference in the colour of the spores is not a mere
difference of species, but indicates quite a separate and distinct
group of species.

Two other species, one having white spores {Agaricus, Clitocybe,
parilis) and the other pink spores {Agaricus, Clitopilus, popinalis),
have very strong external resemblances, and yet they are often found
growing together. And two very similar forms, each with an ex-
centric stem, found growing on trunks, are so much alike in general
aspect, that it is absolutely impossible to distinguish the one from
the other, except by the colour of the spores, which, in one instance,
are white {Agaricus, Pleurotus, ostreatus), and the other rosy {Aga-
ricus, Claudopus, euosmus). They will grow together on the same
tree, and in the same season of the year, whereas the white spored
species is edible, and the pink spored one is said to be deleterious.

We might also instance Agaricus, Tricholoma, nudus, a hand-
some violet species, which, when well grown, is scarce to be dis-
tinguished from Cortinarius violaceus, except that, in the former,
the spores are white, and in the latter rusty. Then also there are
Agaricus, Tricholoma, russula, and Hygrophorus erubescens, often so
much alike that some mycologists contend that both are the same
species. A similar remark applies also to Agaricus, Mycena, bala-
ninus and Marasmius erythropus. In fact, we need not multiply
instances, as every mycologist knows from experience that very
many of the species have their analogues in other sections from
which, at a casual glance, it is difficult to distinguish them.

Taking a still wider range of comparison, the Balanophorece, a
family of flowering plants, are in their parasitic habits, form, colour-
ing, and odour, close imitators of fungi. And even if we confine
ourselves to the Cryptogamia, we find amongst Alg^, in the species
of Nostoc, a great likeness to Tremella amongst fungi. And so
again in Lichens, we have Lecidea scarcely distinguishable, except
by experts, from Patellaria, a genus of fungi. And Boeomyces
amongst Lichens resembles Stilbum in Fungi, as also the Graphi-
deous Lichens are imitated in Hysterium, and Platygrapha in

* As Ag. inopus, Ay, epixanthus and Ay. elceodes.

MIMICRY IN FUNGI.

153

Stictis. Equally startling are the resemblances between widely
separated groups of fungi, as particularly the entire Hypogaeous
Gasteromycetes, which in form, size, odour, habit, and all save
fructification, imitate the Truffles {Tuheracei). Podaxon again, in
appearance, resembles Copriniis ; and UypoJyssus might be mis-
taken for an immature Crucihulum. Verpa has the form of a
Phallus, but deficient in a volva. The largest species of Wynnea
might almost be mistaken for a Sparassis, if the fruit were not
examined. And Clavaria has its club-shaped forms repeated in
Cordyceps and Geoglossum, with its branched forms in Lachno-
cladiuni. The species of Crater ellus are not unlike large Pezizee,
and the smaller forms of the latter genus are represented in Q/-
phella, where some correspond to Hymenocypha, others to Mollisia,
and others to Dasyscypha.

We have not designed to do more than to suggest a subject for
reflection, and not by any means to exhaust it. Neither shall we
attempt to demonstrate the “ why and wherefore ” of such coin-
cidences. For the present we are content to regard them simply
as coincidences, although, in some cases, so striking that we are loth
to consider them accidental, but that they have a cause, and are a
mystery which we are at present unable to account for or explain.

GENETIC RELATIONS OF ALGiE.

The Editor of the “ Royal Microscopical Journal ’’ has given* a
resume of P. Richter’s suggestions! as to the genetic connection of
certain Unicellular Phycochromace^e, which will be read with
interest, in connection with our list of Palmellaceae. “ Whether
various forms of unicellular algee, hitherto considered distinct, and
ranged under the genera Glceacapsa, Chroococcus, Aplianocapsa,
Glceothece, and Aphanothece, are not really genetically connected,
displaying a kind of polymorphism ; a form with but slightly
encysted cells ( Aplianocapsa ) intervening between one with en-
cysted spherical ( Gleeocapsa ) and one with encysted cylindrical
cells ( Glceothece and Aphanothece), A similar relationship has, in
fact, already been suggested by Naegeli in his ‘ Einzelligen Algen.’ ”
The form previously described by the author under the name
Aphanothece caldariorum, presents an intermediate form between
that genus and Glceothece, and would appear to be completed in its
cycle of development with two other forms named by A. liraun
Glceothece inconspicua and Aphanocapsa nehulosa, being a maturer
condition of the first of these two. In the same way A. Braun’s
Aphanocapsa biformis may be shown to occur in three different
forms.

The lowest form of the Phycochromacese is the naked Aphano-
capsa condition, corresponding to among the Chlorophyl-

lophyce^e. From this naked or only slightly encysted condition is

* “ Journal of Koyal Microscopical Society,’’ 2nd ser., Yol. i., p. 291,
f “Hedwigia,” xix. (1880), pp. 169-171, and 191-6,

154

GENETIC RELATIONS OP ALG^.

developed the Glceocapsa or Glcecystis foim with several gelatinous
envelopes; the CAroococcws type, when the investment is altogether
wanting, or when there is only a single vesicular envelope, the
cienobiiim types. The Glceocapsa type is specially adapted for
exposure to the air, and growth upon a comparatively dry sub-
stratum; the caenobium type is developed in water; the Ghroo-
cocciis type in water, or on a moist substratum in the air. With
this is connected the cylindrical form, a higher stage, because it
displays a differentiation in the direction of growth, and a develop-
ment towards the filiform condition. This is not always developed,
and may be distinguished into stable and unstable forms ; the latter
may occur in two or three varieties, and may go through the follow-
ing successive conditions : —

1. — Stable Aphanocapsa and Palmella.

2. — Aphanocapsa and Palmella which have attained to Gloeo-
capsa, Glceocystis, or caenobium type, but which always revert to
the naked solitary spherical form.

3. — Stable Glceocapsa, Glceocystis, Chroococcus, and csenobiiim
forms, without reversion ( Merismopedia).

4. — Cylindrical forms, the generations of which pass through

the solitary spherical (Aphanocapsa and condition, as

well as the Glceocapsa and similar forms.

5. — Cylindrical forms which pass through only the Glceocapsa
and similar forms.

6. — Cylindrical forms, the generations of which revert to the
Aphanocapsa and Pcdmella condition, while the Glceocapsa or any
similar form is suppressed.

7. — Stable cylindrical forms ( Synecococcus.)

No reference is made in the above to the passage of Glceocapsa
into the encysted filiform conditions of Sirosiphon corresponding
to Palmodactylon and Hcemaspora among the Chlorophyllophyce^.

There is an undoubted feeling amongst Algologists in favour of
some such relationship as that indicated by Richter, and any satis-
factory demonstration of such genetic connection in the Phyco-
chromacece and the Chlorophyllophycece, would obtain adhesion.

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

WoLLNY, R. Die Meersalgen von Heligoland, in “ Hedwigia”
1 and 2, 1881.

Nylander, W. Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam Europeeam,
“Flora,” No. 1, 1881. '

Richter, P. Form cycle of Glceocystis in “ Amer. Mon.
Micr. Journ.,” Feb. 1881.

Winter, Dr. G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Pilze,
Part 2.

Saccardo, Dr. P. A. Bibliografia della Micologia Italiana,
in “ Michelia,” No. 7.

Saccardo, Dr. P. A. Fungi Yeneti, part xii, in “ Michelia,”

No. 7.

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

155

Corelli, R. I funghi della Valle Lagariiia, in “Michelia,”
No. 7.

Neuville, G. Des Eaux de Paris, essai di analyse micro-
grapliique.

Uhlworm, Dr. Botanisches Centralblat, Nos. 7 to 20, 1881.

Rehm, Dr. Ascomyceten, fasc. xii.

Phillips, W. Helvellacei Britannici, fasc. iv.

Thumen, F. de. Mycotheca Universalis, Cent. xix.

Nordstedt, 0. De algis nonnullis priecipue Desmidieis, inter
Utriciilarias, “ Trans. Univ. Lund.,” xvi.

Nordstedt, 0. Cbarace£e Novce Zelandis, ‘‘ Trans. Univ.
Lund.,” xvi.

Johnson, W. New British Lichens, in “ Journ. Botany,”
April, 1881.

Spruce, R. Morphology of the leaf of Fissidens, in ‘‘ Journ.
Botany,” April, 1881. ,

Berkeley, M. J., and Broome, C. E. Notices of British
Fungi, in “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” February, 1881.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of British Fungi, Part 2 and 3.

Ward, H. Marshall. Second Report on Coffee Leaf Disease.

Anderson, G. Remarks on Fungoid Disease.

Just, Dr. Botanischer Jahresbericht for 1878, Part 2.

Wright, Dr. E. P. On Blodgettia confervoides of Harvey, in
“Trans. Roy. Irish Acad.,” Vol. 28.

Wright, Dr. E. P. On a New Genus and Species of Unicel-
lular Algse Dijeri)/m “Trans. Roy. Ir. Acad.,” 28.

Areschong, E. J. On Felagophycus, in “ Botaniska Notiser,”
April, 1881.

ScHAARscHMiDT. Additamenta ad Algologiam Dacicam, in
“ Magyar Novenytani Lapok” for 1880.

Entz, G. Algologiai aprosagok, in “ Magyar Noventytani
Lapok,” for 1880.

Mika, K. on Pistillaria pusilla, Fr., in “ Magyar Noventytani
Lapok” for 1880.

Tomos VARY, O. Bacillariaceas in Dacia Observatas “ Magyar
Noventytani Lapok” for 1880.

W INTER, G. Eine neue Chrysomyxa, in “ Botanischen Central-
blattes,” 1881.

Ellis, J. B., and Harkness, H. W. New Species of American
Fungi, in “ Bulletin Torrey Bot. Club,” Mar., 1881.

Ellis, J. B. Development of Sphieria Solidaginis, in “ Bullet.
Torrey Bot. Club,” Mar., 1881.

Gerard, W. R. Some Fungi from New Mexico, in “ Bullet
Torrey Bot. Club,” Mar., 1881.

Muller, Dr. J. Les Characees genevoises, in “ Bulletin de la
Soc. Bot. de Geneve,” Feb., 1881.

Cooke, M. C. On some Desmids new to Britain, in “ Journ.
Quekett Micro. Club,” March, 1881.

Limbricht, G. IJeber Gymnomitrium adustum, in “ Flora,”
Feb. 11, 1881.

156

CRYPTOOAMIC LITERATURE.

Muller, Dr. J. Licbeiiologisclie Beitrage, in Flora,” Feb.
21, Mar. 1, 1881.

Arnold, Dr. F. Licbenologische Fragmente, in “ Flora,” Mar.
11, 21, 1881.

Berkeley, M. J. Australian Fungi, in “ Journ. Linn.
Society,” April, 1881.

Phillips, W. Kevision of Genus Vihrissea, in “ Journ. Linn.
Society,” April, 1881.

Winter, G. Fungi Helvetici Novi, in “ Hedwi^ia,” April,

1881.

Peck, C. H. Two new species of Fungi, in “ Bull. Torrey,
Bot. Club,” May, 1881.

Ellis, J B. and Harkness, H. W. New species of North
American Fungi, in “ Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,” May, 1881.

Kichon, Dr., and Petit, P. Plante Cryptogame des murs de
Cognac, in Brebissonia, Feb., 1881.

Schaarschmidt, j. Specimen Phycologiae Aquatoriensis, in
“ Magyar Novenytani Lapok,” Feb., 1881.

Bolle, G., and Thuemen, F. Contribuzioni alio studio dei
funghi del Litorale, in “ Bollet. della Soc. Adriatica,” Vol. vi,
1880.

Thuemen, F. Symbolse ad floram mycologiam Austriacum,
Pt. iv, in “ CEstr. Bot. Zeit.,” 1880, No. 10.

Braithwaite, Dr. R. British Moss Flora, Part iv, Fissiden-
taceee.

Fitzgerald, C., and Bottini, A. Prodromo della briologia
dei bacini del Sercbio e della Magra, in “ Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital.,”
Ap., 1881.

Massalongo, C. Du£e species novee e genere Lejeunia (Buenos
Ayres), in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” Ap., 1881.

Piccone, a. Septoria Castaneae, in “ Nuovo. Giorn. Bot.
Ital.,” Ap., 1881.

Passerini, G. Sulla Puccinia Lojkaiana, in “Nuovo. Giorn.
Bot. Ital.,” Ap., 1881.

Pirotta, R. Della Peziza Fuckeliana e P. sclerotiorwn, in
“ Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” Ap., 1881.

WoLLE, F. Freshwater Algee, v., in “ Bullet. Torrey. Bot.
Club,” April, 1881.

Mueller, F. v. Supplementum ad Vol. xi, Fragmentorum
Pbytograpbiae Australiie, Cbaraceie, Musci, Fungi.

Farlow, W. G. The Gymnosporangia, or Cedar Apples of the
United States, in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.

Therrv, j. The Spores in the Genus Phoma, in “ Revue
Mycologique,” April, 1881.

Quelet, Mougeot, and Ferry. Champignons observes dans
les Vosges, in “ Revue Mycologique,” April, 1881.

Saccardo, P. Mycotheca Veneta. Cent, xv, xvi.

Roumeguere, C. Fungi Gallica ; Cent, xiii, xiv, xv.
Saville-Kent, T. Myxomycetes, or Mycetozoa, in “ Popular
Science Review,” April, 1881.

INDEX.

PAGE.

Additional British Desmids ...

• •• . . »

38

Agaricus carbonarius

118

Algae, genetic relations of ...

153

Algae, Preparation of

• ■ • . • •

37

Algae, Wittock and Nordstedt’s

••• •••

101

Animal Nature of Myxomjcetes

... •••

41

Australian Fungi

1, 142

Braithwaite’s Moss Flora

...

16, 119

Breaking of the Meres

4

British Palmellacae ...

149

British Species of Spirulina

... ...

44

Californian Fungi

6,81

Cedar Apples of United States

138

Characeae Americanae

95

Coed Coch and Colwyn Fungi

75

Cooke, M. C, and Ellis, J. B,, New Jersey Fungi ...

103

Cooke, M. C., and Harkness, Dr.,

Californian Fungi

6, 81

Cooke, M. C., and Harkness, H. W., Fungi on Eucalyptus

127

Cooke, M. C.,and Phillips, W., Reliquae Libertianae

104

Cooke, M. C., British Fungi

...

93, 120

Cooke, M. C., Exotic Fungi

...

10, 97

Cooke, M. C., on British Desmids

••• ...

38, 89

Cooke, M. C., on Thelephora Lycii ...

95

Cosmarium Trafalgaricum ...

16

Cryptogamic Literature

39, 79, 119, 154

Cryptogamic Society of Scotland

... ...

39

Desmids, British

38, 89

Discomycetes of Libert

...

104

Elvellacei, Spore Diffusion

47

Eucalyptus Fungi

127

Exotic Fungi

.«•

10,97

Farlow, on Gymnosporangia...

138

Fungi Australian

1, 114

Fungi, Californian

... ... ...

6, 81

Fungi, Coed Coch and Colwyn

75

Fungi, Exotic

...

10, 97

Fungi, Illustrations of British

88, 141

Fungi, Index of British

51

Fungi Macowaniani ...

... 107, 135

Fungi, Mimicry in

151

Fungi, New British ...

... ...

93

Fungi of New Jersey

103

Fungi on Eucalyptus

127

Fungi, South African

... ... ...

... 17,45, 107

Geaster Coliformis in Norfolk

43

Genetic relations of Algae ...

153

iv

INDEX.

Green Algae, preparation of .. .

PAGE

37

Gymnosporangia of United States ...

138

Illustrations of British Fungi

88, 141

Index to British Fungi in Grevillea

51

Kalchbrenner, G., and Cooke, M. C., Australian Fungi ...

1, 142

Kalchbrenner, C., and Cooke, M. C., South African Fungi

17, 45

Kalchbrenner, C., Fungi Macowaniani

... 107, 135

Lichens, Microgonidia

32

Lichens, Structure of

48

Literature, Cryptogamic

39, 79, 119, 154

London Catalogue of Mosses

92

Microgonidia of Lichens

32

Mimicry in Fungi

151

Minks, on Microgonidia

32

Minks, Dr., Structure of Lichens ...

48

Mosses, London Catalogue ... ... ...

92

Moss Flora, Braithwaite’s ...

16, 119

Mycographia ...

141

Myxomycetes, Animal Nature of

41

Nectria cucurbitula

118

Nectria ditissima

116

New British Fungi ...

93

New Cosmarium in Trafalgar Square

16

New Jersey Fungi

103

Nordstedt, Preparation of Green Algae

37

Notes on British Desmids ...

89

Palmellaceae, British ...

149

Phillips, W., Breaking of the Meres

4

Pirn, G., Index to British Fungi in Grevillea

51

Plowright, C. B., Spore Diffusion in Elvellacei ...

47

Preservation of Fungi

117

Reliquae Libertianae

104

Revue Mycologique ...

87

Saprolegnia ferax

Schimper’s Mosses

9

117

South African Fungi...

... 17, 45, 107

Spirulina, British Species ...

44

Spore Diffusion in Larger Elvellacei

47

Structure of Lichens

48

Thelephora Lycii

95

Wittrock and Nordstedt’ s Algae

101

Woolhope Club Foray

106

THE

BOTANICAL RECORD CLUB:

PHANEROGAMIC AND CRYPTOCAMIC.

LIST OF OFFICERS.

^cfere^0 :

CHARLES CARDALE BABINGTON, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. (For
Rubi, CharaceDe and Flowering Plants generally.)

JOHN GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. (For Rosidoe and Hieracia).

HENRY BOSWELL (For Musci).

B. CARRINGTON, M.D., F.L.S. , F.R.S., Edin. (For Hepaticae).

Militor of :

F. ARNOLD LEES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Lond., F.L.S.,
Wetherby, Yorkshire.

CHARLES BAILEY, F.L.S., Ashfield, College Road, Whalley Range,

Manchester.

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y s -

REVISED

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

Sanctioned by the Members, 1880.

I. The Botanical Record Club shall be an association of
persons desirous of forwarding the purposes for which the Club
was (in 1873) formed, the condition of membership being a
subscription to the funds.

II. The objects of the association shall be to verify, register,
and publish annually such facts (relating to the horizontal or
vertical distribution of British Plants) as may be furnished for the
purpose by the members, and as seem to merit publication either
as (i) hitherto unpublished (for example, a fresh station for
a plant, with a comital census at least under sixty, occurring
in a county for which it may be already on record) ; or (2) as
additional to the items tabulated in Mr. H. C. Watson’s works :
Compendium Cybele Britannica^ its Supplement, and Topographical
Botany ; and Moore & More’s Cybele Hibernica ; or (3) as
interesting and worthy of repetition by reason of previous con-
fusion, uncertainty, or reported extinction.

III. Since there is for the Mosses and Hepaticae no existing
compendium of published data analogous to those above men-
tioned for Phanerogamia and the Vascular Cryptogams, it shall be
an aim of the Club to work out and tabulate the distribution
throughout Britain of such lower Cryptogams, effecting this, first,
by the successive compilation and printing of moss and hepatica
florulas for each county ; and, second, by subsequent addenda to
Such comital lists as may have been previously issued.

44

IV. A third object of the Club shall be the exemplification
of geographic plant-distribution (first phanero-, then crypto-garaic)
by means of outline county maps, so displayed as to indicate the
various ‘types’ of distribution, best discernible in such way, for
selected representative species.

V. It shall be an essential characteristic of the work of the
Club that every record must be qualified for a place in the annual
Report by a Voucher for its accuracy and bona-fide nature — in
the shape of a well-selected specimen (from the locality specified
on its label) of a size and character sufficient for its safe identifi-
cation. These vouchers shall alone form the material for the
Report, save and except such manuscript notices of extinctions
of species, or of errors requiring correction, as it may be found
necessary to publish.

VI. The plant contributions of each season, after usage
for the Report, shall become Government property, and with
that intention shall each year be forwarded direct to the Royal
Herbarium of Kew; and, being thus disposed of, shall be no
longer the property of the Club in any sense, although the
collections shall be open to the inspection of any member giving
sufficient notice, and complying with such regulations as may
govern like portions of the National Herbaria.^

VII. The management of the affairs of the Club shall
devolve, in their several capacities, upon the following officers : —
Editor of Records, Secretary and Treasurer, and such Botanical
Referees as may be appointed from time to time by the Editor to
assist in the determination of species.

On all matters in dispute, concerning the polity or well-being
of the Club, these Officers and Referees shall form an Executive
Committee, to whose counsels shall be left such elections of

* Note. — Director Sir J. D. Hooker has given his consent to this annual
acceptance of the Club’s plants by the Kew authorities; and it is a suggestion
of Mr. Baker’s that they should ultimately be incorporated with the Watsonian
Herbarium when that is received, supplementing it as they do.

45

officers in place of resignations, such adjustments, decisions, or
general appeals to the members, as it may be thought wise and
necessary to make.

VIII. The Botanists able and willing to act as Botanical
Referees must be members of this Club ; and shall be chosen, each
one upon the ground of his special study of, and acquaintance
with, some difficult class or genus, or critical group of British
Plants.* All contributed specimens in regard to which the Editor
of Records is unable to satisfy himself, or feels any doubt about,
shall be submitted to a Referee, who shall settle finally whether it
appear in the Report of that year, or whether the record be
deferred for fuller information or ampler material.

IX. The duties of the Editor of Records shall include the
safe keeping, verification, and arrangement of the plants confided
yearly to his care for the time being, for the special purpose of
enabling him to compile the Report. Having, with the assistance
of the several Referees, duly scrutinised, verified, and decided
(under Rule 11.) upon the eligibility or unfitness of each separate
record for a place in the Report, the Report shall then be
prepared in such form as seems to him best ; and, when finished,
the manuscript shall be forwarded to the Secretary for his order
as to its printing. When in type, every specimen voucher which
represents a record in the Report shall be forthwith sent to Kew
by the Editor. It shall not be necessary to mount or forward
to Kew those contributed specimens notices of which are not
eligible (under Rule 11.) for the Report, or the records of which
are to be deferred for any reason, such plants being superfluities
for the purposes of the Club.

X. The duties of the Secretary and Treasurer shall be to
collect the subscriptions ; to keep the funds of the Club, its
expenditure vouchers, and other accounts; and to authorise all

* Note.— Referees will thus, whilst not without power of direction, &c.,
in crises of the Club’s, history, hold the honourable position of Experts or
Consultants, and so contribute not a little to the trustworthiness of the general
Record.

46

printing. He shall also attend to the publication, sale, or distri-
bution of all Reports, Maps, Circulars, Catalogues, Moss-
envelopes, &c., issued by the association ; and pay all accounts
against the Club for work done, or expense incurred, with and by
his sanction and with the knowledge of the Editor of Records.

XI. Membership in this Club shall be of two kinds : —
Honorary (or non-contributing) and Ordinary (or working)
members.

Honorary members need not contribute any specimens, but
shall subscribe annually a sum of not less than ten shillings.

Ordinary members shall subscribe not less than five shillings
annually, and shall also send annually plants as defined in
Rules 1 1, and HI."'^

XH. All plants contributed shall be in good condition, and
shall as far as possible represent unmistakeably the species they
are sent to illustrate ; but a specimen need not necessarily be in
flower or have a root, &c., if the safe determination of the
species is not thereby endangered. Specimens in such a bad or
fragmentary state as to be nameable only with difficulty or doubt
shall be inadmissible. Only one example of any plant need be sent
where the necessary requirement as to its condition is fulfilled.
Where the intention is to show some variation or peculiarity, a
range of specimens may be desirable ; but a number of typical
specimens from one and the same station, accompanied by only
one label, tends to favour admixture and confusion.

XHI. With each plant — if a Phanerogam or Fern — must be
sent a Label of fair size, 4J inches across by inches deep ;
upon which, leaving a space of i inch at the top for the official
Stamp of the Club to be impressed, must be written the name
(where known), but at least the locality and kind of station

*Note. — It is hoped, however, that all ‘working’ or ordinary members
who can afford it will contribute the larger sum — entitling them to two copies
of all Reports — seeing that the expenses of the Club for printing and
lithographing are proportionately heavy, owing to the somewhat limited issue
of its publications.

47

{i. e., natural wood or thicket, plantation or osier holt, waste sandy
or grassy ground, warren, heath, bog, marsh, wall top, hedge or
lane, pasture or meadow ; discriminating between clayey, sandy,
and peaty soil), where gathered, the date when and the county
or vice-county area in which it grew, together with the name
of the collector. The special printed label hitherto in use shall
be abandoned; and, in place of it, to prevent possibility of
appropriation, each label shall, as received by the Editor, be
impressed with the official stamp of the Club.

Mosses or Hepaticae shall not be sent loose, but each one be
enclosed in a special Envelope-Label, designed to keep each
species secure and separate, and easily accessible, whilst at the
same time facilitating arrangement on sheets of herbarium paper,
to which they may be readily affixed. Particulars of the locality,
&c., to be written upon the face of the envelope-label, below the
down-turned overlap. A sufficient supply of these envelopes
shall be made to each member desirous of contributing county
series, by the Secretary or Editor, free of charge.

XIV. This association shall, from time to time, as need
arises, issue revised editions of ‘ The London Catalogue of British
Mosses’ already published by the Club. With the second edition
shall be included a Catalogue of the British Hepaticae, drawn up
or revised by competent authority. Should it at any time become
desirable, this Club shall publish similar Catalogues of Lichens,
Fresh-water Algae, Fungi, &c.

XV. Subscriptions must be forwarded to the Treasurer prior
to the 31st December of each year.

XVL Parcels of plants shall be forwarded, carriage or post
paid, to the Editor of Records, in no case later than the 31st of
December in each year, and as much earlier (after the close of
the collecting season) as possible.

XVI 1. All members of the Club shall receive from the
Secretary, post paid, a copy of the yearly Report, together with
such sets of Maps or Catalogues as may be published ; always
provided that the subscription for the previous year be not in

arrear.

48

Further, it shall be an instruction to the Referees, Editor,
and Secretary, to distribute at their discretion copies of the
Club’s publications to such persons and institutions as they
may deem desirable, in addition to the following Libraries and
Journals: — The Royal Herbarium, Kew; the British Museum
Botanical Department ; The British Museum General Library ;
the Linnean Society ; the Library of the Edinburgh Botanical
Society ; and the Editors of ‘ Nature’, ‘ The Journal of Botany’,
‘ Grevillea’, &c.

Duplicates of back Reports may be purchased by members
at half price of the Secretary ; and by non-members on payment
of a sum equal to the subscription for the year in which they
were issued. Extra copies of all General Catalogues will be
published for general sale at sixpence each, and these, together
with Reports (5/- each,) for 1879 and onwards, may be obtained
from David Bogue, 3, St. Martin’s Place, Trafalgar Square,
W.C. ; but such maps illustrating plant distribution as the Club
may publish will only be issued in consecutive sets or series to
continuing members, as the officers of the Club may determine.

James Collins and Co., Printers, 76, King Street, Manchester.